Sweeping changes

- Add VisualizationManager and VisualManager API
- Simplify and fix memory leaks in model utilities
- Pass partialTick directly to visuals and remove AnimationTickHolder
- Fix LevelAttached and FlwTaskExecutor not being thread-safe
- Reorganize and rename many things
- Remove unnecessary things

build.gradle

@@ -135,12 +135,12 @@ dependencies {
     minecraft "net.minecraftforge:forge:${minecraft_version}-${forge_version}"
 
     jarJar('org.joml:joml:1.10.5') {
-        jarJar.ranged(it, '[1.10.0,1.11.0)')
+        jarJar.ranged(it, '[1.10.5,1.11.0)')
     }
     library 'org.joml:joml:1.10.5'
 
     jarJar('com.dreizak:miniball:1.0.3') {
-        jarJar.ranged(it, '[1.0,2.0)')
+        jarJar.ranged(it, '[1.0.3,2.0.0)')
     }
     library 'com.dreizak:miniball:1.0.3'
 

src/main/java/com/jozufozu/flywheel/Flywheel.java

@@ -1,8 +1,11 @@
 package com.jozufozu.flywheel;
 
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+
 import org.apache.maven.artifact.versioning.ArtifactVersion;
 import org.slf4j.Logger;
 
+import com.jozufozu.flywheel.api.visualization.VisualizationManager;
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.backend.Backends;
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.backend.Loader;
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.backend.compile.Pipelines;
@@ -11,29 +14,34 @@ import com.jozufozu.flywheel.backend.engine.batching.DrawBuffer;
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.config.BackendArgument;
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.config.FlwCommands;
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.config.FlwConfig;
-import com.jozufozu.flywheel.handler.EntityWorldHandler;
-import com.jozufozu.flywheel.handler.ForgeEvents;
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.impl.BackendManagerImpl;
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.impl.IdRegistryImpl;
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.impl.RegistryImpl;
-import com.jozufozu.flywheel.impl.visualization.VisualizedRenderDispatcher;
+import com.jozufozu.flywheel.impl.visualization.VisualizationEventHandler;
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.lib.context.Contexts;
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.lib.instance.InstanceTypes;
+import com.jozufozu.flywheel.lib.light.LightUpdater;
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.lib.material.MaterialIndices;
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.lib.material.Materials;
+import com.jozufozu.flywheel.lib.memory.FlwMemoryTracker;
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.lib.model.Models;
-import com.jozufozu.flywheel.lib.model.PartialModel;
+import com.jozufozu.flywheel.lib.model.baked.PartialModel;
+import com.jozufozu.flywheel.lib.util.LevelAttached;
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.lib.util.ShadersModHandler;
+import com.jozufozu.flywheel.lib.util.StringUtil;
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.lib.vertex.VertexTypes;
-import com.jozufozu.flywheel.mixin.PausedPartialTickAccessor;
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.vanilla.VanillaVisuals;
 import com.mojang.logging.LogUtils;
 
+import net.minecraft.client.Minecraft;
 import net.minecraft.commands.synchronization.ArgumentTypes;
 import net.minecraft.commands.synchronization.EmptyArgumentSerializer;
+import net.minecraft.core.Vec3i;
 import net.minecraft.resources.ResourceLocation;
 import net.minecraftforge.api.distmarker.Dist;
+import net.minecraftforge.client.event.RenderGameOverlayEvent;
 import net.minecraftforge.common.MinecraftForge;
+import net.minecraftforge.event.world.WorldEvent;
 import net.minecraftforge.eventbus.api.IEventBus;
 import net.minecraftforge.fml.DistExecutor;
 import net.minecraftforge.fml.IExtensionPoint;
@@ -73,24 +81,24 @@ public class Flywheel {
 	}
 
 	private static void clientInit(IEventBus forgeEventBus, IEventBus modEventBus) {
-		forgeEventBus.addListener(FlwCommands::registerClientCommands);
+		forgeEventBus.addListener(Flywheel::addDebugInfo);
 
 		forgeEventBus.addListener(BackendManagerImpl::onReloadRenderers);
 
-		forgeEventBus.addListener(Models::onReloadRenderers);
+		forgeEventBus.addListener(VisualizationEventHandler::onClientTick);
+		forgeEventBus.addListener(VisualizationEventHandler::onBeginFrame);
+		forgeEventBus.addListener(VisualizationEventHandler::onRenderStage);
+		forgeEventBus.addListener(VisualizationEventHandler::onEntityJoinWorld);
+		forgeEventBus.addListener(VisualizationEventHandler::onEntityLeaveWorld);
+
+		forgeEventBus.addListener(FlwCommands::registerClientCommands);
+
 		forgeEventBus.addListener(DrawBuffer::onReloadRenderers);
 		forgeEventBus.addListener(UniformBuffer::onReloadRenderers);
 
-		forgeEventBus.addListener(VisualizedRenderDispatcher::onRenderStage);
-		forgeEventBus.addListener(VisualizedRenderDispatcher::onBeginFrame);
-		forgeEventBus.addListener(VisualizedRenderDispatcher::tick);
-
-		forgeEventBus.addListener(EntityWorldHandler::onEntityJoinWorld);
-		forgeEventBus.addListener(EntityWorldHandler::onEntityLeaveWorld);
-
-		forgeEventBus.addListener(ForgeEvents::addToDebugScreen);
-		forgeEventBus.addListener(ForgeEvents::unloadWorld);
-		forgeEventBus.addListener(ForgeEvents::tickLight);
+		forgeEventBus.addListener(LightUpdater::onClientTick);
+		forgeEventBus.addListener(Models::onReloadRenderers);
+		forgeEventBus.addListener((WorldEvent.Unload e) -> LevelAttached.onUnloadLevel(e));
 
 		modEventBus.addListener(PartialModel::onModelRegistry);
 		modEventBus.addListener(PartialModel::onModelBake);
@@ -114,13 +122,6 @@ public class Flywheel {
 		MaterialIndices.init();
 
 		VanillaVisuals.init();
-
-		// https://github.com/Jozufozu/Flywheel/issues/69
-		// Weird issue with accessor loading.
-		// Only thing I've seen that's close to a fix is to force the class to load before trying to use it.
-		// From the SpongePowered discord:
-		// https://discord.com/channels/142425412096491520/626802111455297538/675007581168599041
-		LOGGER.debug("Successfully loaded {}", PausedPartialTickAccessor.class.getName());
 	}
 
 	private static void setup(final FMLCommonSetupEvent event) {
@@ -130,6 +131,30 @@ public class Flywheel {
 		ArgumentTypes.register(rl("backend").toString(), BackendArgument.class, new EmptyArgumentSerializer<>(() -> BackendArgument.INSTANCE));
 	}
 
+	private static void addDebugInfo(RenderGameOverlayEvent.Text event) {
+		Minecraft mc = Minecraft.getInstance();
+		if (!mc.options.renderDebug) {
+			return;
+		}
+
+		ArrayList<String> info = event.getRight();
+		info.add("");
+		info.add("Flywheel: " + getVersion());
+		info.add("Backend: " + BackendManagerImpl.getBackendString());
+		info.add("Update limiting: " + FlwCommands.boolToText(FlwConfig.get().limitUpdates()).getString());
+
+		VisualizationManager manager = VisualizationManager.get(mc.level);
+		if (manager != null) {
+			info.add("B: " + manager.getBlockEntities().getVisualCount()
+					+ ", E: " + manager.getEntities().getVisualCount()
+					+ ", F: " + manager.getEffects().getVisualCount());
+			Vec3i renderOrigin = manager.getRenderOrigin();
+			info.add("Origin: " + renderOrigin.getX() + ", " + renderOrigin.getY() + ", " + renderOrigin.getZ());
+		}
+
+		info.add("Memory Usage: CPU: " + StringUtil.formatBytes(FlwMemoryTracker.getCPUMemory()) + ", GPU: " + StringUtil.formatBytes(FlwMemoryTracker.getGPUMemory()));	
+	}
+
 	public static ArtifactVersion getVersion() {
 		return version;
 	}

src/main/java/com/jozufozu/flywheel/api/backend/Engine.java

@@ -1,7 +1,5 @@
 package com.jozufozu.flywheel.api.backend;
 
-import java.util.List;
-
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.api.event.RenderContext;
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.api.event.RenderStage;
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.api.instance.InstancerProvider;
@@ -26,7 +24,7 @@ public interface Engine extends InstancerProvider {
 
 	Vec3i renderOrigin();
 
-	void addDebugInfo(List<String> info);
-
+	// TODO: "delete" implies that the object cannot be used afterwards, but all current implementations
+	// support the "invalidate" contract as well, meaning they can be reused after this call. Rename?
 	void delete();
 }

src/main/java/com/jozufozu/flywheel/api/event/RenderContext.java

@@ -9,11 +9,11 @@ import net.minecraft.client.renderer.LevelRenderer;
 import net.minecraft.client.renderer.RenderBuffers;
 
 public record RenderContext(LevelRenderer renderer, ClientLevel level, RenderBuffers buffers, PoseStack stack,
-							Matrix4f projection, Matrix4f viewProjection, Camera camera) {
-	public static RenderContext create(LevelRenderer renderer, ClientLevel level, RenderBuffers buffers, PoseStack stack, Matrix4f projection, Camera camera) {
+							Matrix4f projection, Matrix4f viewProjection, Camera camera, float partialTick) {
+	public static RenderContext create(LevelRenderer renderer, ClientLevel level, RenderBuffers buffers, PoseStack stack, Matrix4f projection, Camera camera, float partialTick) {
 		Matrix4f viewProjection = projection.copy();
 		viewProjection.multiply(stack.last().pose());
 
-		return new RenderContext(renderer, level, buffers, stack, projection, viewProjection, camera);
+		return new RenderContext(renderer, level, buffers, stack, projection, viewProjection, camera, partialTick);
 	}
 }

src/main/java/com/jozufozu/flywheel/api/material/Material.java

@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ public interface Material {
 
 	void clear();
 
-	RenderType getBatchingRenderType();
+	RenderType getFallbackRenderType();
 
 	MaterialVertexTransformer getVertexTransformer();
 }

src/main/java/com/jozufozu/flywheel/api/visual/Effect.java

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ package com.jozufozu.flywheel.api.visual;
 
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.api.visualization.VisualizationContext;
 
+// TODO: Consider adding LevelAccessor getter
 public interface Effect {
 	EffectVisual<?> visualize(VisualizationContext ctx);
 }

src/main/java/com/jozufozu/flywheel/api/visual/PlannedVisual.java

@@ -5,8 +5,6 @@ import com.jozufozu.flywheel.lib.task.UnitPlan;
 
 /**
  * An interface giving {@link Visual}s a way to define complex, parallelized update plans.
- * <p>
- * Plans allow for
  */
 public interface PlannedVisual extends Visual {
 	default Plan<VisualFrameContext> planFrame() {

src/main/java/com/jozufozu/flywheel/api/visual/Visual.java

@@ -10,14 +10,14 @@ public interface Visual {
 	/**
 	 * Initialize instances here.
 	 */
-	void init();
+	void init(float partialTick);
 
 	/**
 	 * Update instances here. Good for when instances don't change very often and when animations are GPU based.
 	 *
 	 * <br><br> If your animations are complex or more CPU driven, see {@link DynamicVisual} or {@link TickableVisual}.
 	 */
-	void update();
+	void update(float partialTick);
 
 	/**
 	 * When a visual is reset, the visual is deleted and re-created.

src/main/java/com/jozufozu/flywheel/api/visual/VisualFrameContext.java

@@ -3,5 +3,5 @@ package com.jozufozu.flywheel.api.visual;
 import org.joml.FrustumIntersection;
 
 public record VisualFrameContext(double cameraX, double cameraY, double cameraZ, FrustumIntersection frustum,
-								 DistanceUpdateLimiter limiter) {
+								 float partialTick, DistanceUpdateLimiter limiter) {
 }

src/main/java/com/jozufozu/flywheel/api/visualization/VisualManager.java

@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+package com.jozufozu.flywheel.api.visualization;
+
+public interface VisualManager<T> {
+	/**
+	 * Get the number of game objects that are currently being visualized.
+	 *
+	 * @return The visual count.
+	 */
+	int getVisualCount();
+
+	void queueAdd(T obj);
+
+	void queueRemove(T obj);
+
+	void queueUpdate(T obj);
+}

src/main/java/com/jozufozu/flywheel/api/visualization/VisualizationLevel.java

@@ -1,4 +1,6 @@
-package com.jozufozu.flywheel.api;
+package com.jozufozu.flywheel.api.visualization;
+
+import net.minecraft.world.level.LevelAccessor;
 
 /**
  * A marker interface custom levels can override to indicate
@@ -7,8 +9,8 @@ package com.jozufozu.flywheel.api;
  *
  * {@link net.minecraft.client.Minecraft#level Minecraft#level} is special cased and will support Flywheel by default.
  */
-public interface FlywheelLevel {
-	default boolean supportsFlywheel() {
+public interface VisualizationLevel extends LevelAccessor {
+	default boolean supportsVisualization() {
 		return true;
 	}
 }

src/main/java/com/jozufozu/flywheel/api/visualization/VisualizationManager.java

@@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
+package com.jozufozu.flywheel.api.visualization;
+
+import org.jetbrains.annotations.Nullable;
+
+import com.jozufozu.flywheel.api.visual.Effect;
+import com.jozufozu.flywheel.api.visual.Visual;
+import com.jozufozu.flywheel.impl.visualization.VisualizationManagerImpl;
+
+import net.minecraft.core.Vec3i;
+import net.minecraft.world.entity.Entity;
+import net.minecraft.world.level.Level;
+import net.minecraft.world.level.LevelAccessor;
+import net.minecraft.world.level.block.entity.BlockEntity;
+
+public interface VisualizationManager {
+	static boolean supportsVisualization(@Nullable LevelAccessor level) {
+		return VisualizationManagerImpl.supportsVisualization(level);
+	}
+
+	@Nullable
+	static VisualizationManager get(@Nullable LevelAccessor level) {
+		return VisualizationManagerImpl.get(level);
+	}
+
+	static VisualizationManager getOrThrow(@Nullable LevelAccessor level) {
+		return VisualizationManagerImpl.getOrThrow(level);
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Call this when you want to run {@link Visual#update()}.
+	 * @param blockEntity The block entity whose visual you want to update.
+	 */
+	static void queueUpdate(BlockEntity blockEntity) {
+		Level level = blockEntity.getLevel();
+		VisualizationManager manager = get(level);
+		if (manager == null) {
+			return;
+		}
+
+		manager.getBlockEntities().queueUpdate(blockEntity);
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Call this when you want to run {@link Visual#update()}.
+	 * @param entity The entity whose visual you want to update.
+	 */
+	static void queueUpdate(Entity entity) {
+		Level level = entity.level;
+		VisualizationManager manager = get(level);
+		if (manager == null) {
+			return;
+		}
+
+		manager.getEntities().queueUpdate(entity);
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Call this when you want to run {@link Visual#update()}.
+	 * @param effect The effect whose visual you want to update.
+	 */
+	static void queueUpdate(LevelAccessor level, Effect effect) {
+		VisualizationManager manager = get(level);
+		if (manager == null) {
+			return;
+		}
+
+		manager.getEffects().queueUpdate(effect);
+	}
+
+	Vec3i getRenderOrigin();
+
+	VisualManager<BlockEntity> getBlockEntities();
+
+	VisualManager<Entity> getEntities();
+
+	VisualManager<Effect> getEffects();
+}

src/main/java/com/jozufozu/flywheel/api/visualization/VisualizerRegistry.java

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ package com.jozufozu.flywheel.api.visualization;
 
 import org.jetbrains.annotations.Nullable;
 
-import com.jozufozu.flywheel.impl.VisualizerRegistryImpl;
+import com.jozufozu.flywheel.impl.visualization.VisualizerRegistryImpl;
 
 import net.minecraft.world.entity.Entity;
 import net.minecraft.world.entity.EntityType;

src/main/java/com/jozufozu/flywheel/backend/Loader.java

@@ -26,6 +26,9 @@ public class Loader implements ResourceManagerReloadListener {
 		FlwPrograms.reload(manager);
 
 		// TODO: Move this to the impl package
+		// TODO: To ensure this runs after all backends are ready, inject into Minecraft after the reload and before levelRenderer.allChanged()
+		// Alternatively, consider adding API 
+		// TODO: This should reset all VisualizationManagerImpls, not just the one for the static client level
 		BackendManagerImpl.refresh(Minecraft.getInstance().level);
 	}
 

src/main/java/com/jozufozu/flywheel/backend/compile/Compile.java

@@ -6,7 +6,9 @@ import java.util.List;
 import java.util.Map;
 import java.util.function.BiConsumer;
 import java.util.function.BiFunction;
+import java.util.function.Function;
 
+import org.jetbrains.annotations.NotNull;
 import org.jetbrains.annotations.Nullable;
 
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.backend.compile.core.ProgramLinker;
@@ -16,7 +18,6 @@ import com.jozufozu.flywheel.gl.shader.GlShader;
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.gl.shader.ShaderType;
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.glsl.GLSLVersion;
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.glsl.SourceComponent;
-import com.jozufozu.flywheel.util.NotNullFunction;
 
 import net.minecraft.resources.ResourceLocation;
 
@@ -98,11 +99,11 @@ public class Compile {
 			return withComponent($ -> component);
 		}
 
-		public ShaderCompilerBuilder<K> withComponent(NotNullFunction<K, SourceComponent> sourceFetcher) {
+		public ShaderCompilerBuilder<K> withComponent(Function<K, @NotNull SourceComponent> sourceFetcher) {
 			return with((key, $) -> sourceFetcher.apply(key));
 		}
 
-		public ShaderCompilerBuilder<K> withResource(NotNullFunction<K, ResourceLocation> sourceFetcher) {
+		public ShaderCompilerBuilder<K> withResource(Function<K, @NotNull ResourceLocation> sourceFetcher) {
 			return with((key, loader) -> loader.find(sourceFetcher.apply(key)));
 		}
 

src/main/java/com/jozufozu/flywheel/backend/compile/Pipeline.java

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ package com.jozufozu.flywheel.backend.compile;
 
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.api.instance.InstanceType;
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.api.vertex.VertexType;
+import com.jozufozu.flywheel.backend.compile.Pipeline.InstanceAssembler;
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.glsl.GLSLVersion;
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.glsl.SourceComponent;
 

src/main/java/com/jozufozu/flywheel/backend/compile/component/StringSubstitutionSourceComponent.java

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ import java.util.Collection;
 import java.util.Map;
 
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.glsl.SourceComponent;
-import com.jozufozu.flywheel.util.ResourceUtil;
+import com.jozufozu.flywheel.lib.util.ResourceUtil;
 
 import net.minecraft.resources.ResourceLocation;
 

src/main/java/com/jozufozu/flywheel/backend/compile/core/Compilation.java

@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ import com.jozufozu.flywheel.gl.shader.ShaderType;
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.glsl.GLSLVersion;
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.glsl.SourceComponent;
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.glsl.SourceFile;
-import com.jozufozu.flywheel.util.StringUtil;
+import com.jozufozu.flywheel.lib.util.StringUtil;
 
 import net.minecraft.client.Minecraft;
 

src/main/java/com/jozufozu/flywheel/backend/compile/core/CompilerStats.java

@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ import com.jozufozu.flywheel.Flywheel;
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.glsl.LoadError;
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.glsl.LoadResult;
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.glsl.error.ErrorBuilder;
-import com.jozufozu.flywheel.util.StringUtil;
+import com.jozufozu.flywheel.lib.util.StringUtil;
 
 public class CompilerStats {
 	private long compileStart;

src/main/java/com/jozufozu/flywheel/backend/compile/core/FailedCompilation.java

@@ -11,10 +11,10 @@ import org.jetbrains.annotations.NotNull;
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.Flywheel;
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.glsl.SourceFile;
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.glsl.SourceLines;
+import com.jozufozu.flywheel.glsl.error.ConsoleColors;
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.glsl.error.ErrorBuilder;
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.glsl.span.Span;
-import com.jozufozu.flywheel.util.ConsoleColors;
-import com.jozufozu.flywheel.util.StringUtil;
+import com.jozufozu.flywheel.lib.util.StringUtil;
 
 import net.minecraft.resources.ResourceLocation;
 

src/main/java/com/jozufozu/flywheel/backend/engine/UniformBuffer.java

@@ -11,15 +11,16 @@ import com.jozufozu.flywheel.api.uniform.ShaderUniforms;
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.gl.buffer.GlBuffer;
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.gl.shader.GlProgram;
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.lib.math.MoreMath;
-import com.jozufozu.flywheel.lib.math.RenderMath;
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.lib.memory.MemoryBlock;
 
+import net.minecraft.util.Mth;
+
 public class UniformBuffer {
 
 	private static final int OFFSET_ALIGNMENT = GL32.glGetInteger(GL32.GL_UNIFORM_BUFFER_OFFSET_ALIGNMENT);
 	private static final int MAX_SIZE = GL32.glGetInteger(GL32.GL_MAX_UNIFORM_BLOCK_SIZE);
 	private static final int MAX_BINDINGS = GL32.glGetInteger(GL32.GL_MAX_UNIFORM_BUFFER_BINDINGS);
-	private static final boolean PO2_ALIGNMENT = RenderMath.isPowerOf2(OFFSET_ALIGNMENT);
+	private static final boolean PO2_ALIGNMENT = Mth.isPowerOfTwo(OFFSET_ALIGNMENT);
 
 	private static UniformBuffer instance;
 	private final ProviderSet providerSet;

src/main/java/com/jozufozu/flywheel/backend/engine/batching/BatchContext.java

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ import org.joml.FrustumIntersection;
 
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.api.event.RenderContext;
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.lib.math.MatrixUtil;
-import com.jozufozu.flywheel.util.FlwUtil;
+import com.jozufozu.flywheel.lib.util.FlwUtil;
 import com.mojang.blaze3d.vertex.PoseStack;
 
 import net.minecraft.client.multiplayer.ClientLevel;

src/main/java/com/jozufozu/flywheel/backend/engine/batching/BatchingEngine.java

@@ -89,12 +89,6 @@ public class BatchingEngine extends AbstractEngine implements SimplyComposedPlan
 		initializedInstancers.clear();
 	}
 
-	@Override
-	public void addDebugInfo(List<String> info) {
-		info.add("Batching");
-		info.add("Origin: " + renderOrigin.getX() + ", " + renderOrigin.getY() + ", " + renderOrigin.getZ());
-	}
-
 	private void flush() {
 		for (var instancer : uninitializedInstancers) {
 			add(instancer.instancer(), instancer.model(), instancer.stage());
@@ -111,7 +105,7 @@ public class BatchingEngine extends AbstractEngine implements SimplyComposedPlan
 		var meshes = model.getMeshes();
 		for (var entry : meshes.entrySet()) {
 			var material = entry.getKey();
-			RenderType renderType = material.getBatchingRenderType();
+			RenderType renderType = material.getFallbackRenderType();
 			var transformCall = new TransformCall<>(instancer, material, alloc(entry.getValue(), renderType.format()));
 			stagePlan.put(renderType, transformCall);
 		}

src/main/java/com/jozufozu/flywheel/backend/engine/indirect/IndirectDrawManager.java

@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ import com.jozufozu.flywheel.api.instance.Instancer;
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.api.model.Model;
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.api.vertex.VertexType;
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.backend.engine.InstancerKey;
-import com.jozufozu.flywheel.util.Pair;
+import com.jozufozu.flywheel.lib.util.Pair;
 
 public class IndirectDrawManager {
 	private final Map<InstancerKey<?>, IndirectInstancer<?>> instancers = new HashMap<>();
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ public class IndirectDrawManager {
 		}
 	}
 
-	public void delete() {
+	public void invalidate() {
 		instancers.clear();
 
 		renderLists.values()

src/main/java/com/jozufozu/flywheel/backend/engine/indirect/IndirectEngine.java

@@ -1,7 +1,5 @@
 package com.jozufozu.flywheel.backend.engine.indirect;
 
-import java.util.List;
-
 import org.lwjgl.opengl.GL32;
 
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.api.event.RenderContext;
@@ -78,12 +76,6 @@ public class IndirectEngine extends AbstractEngine {
 
 	@Override
 	public void delete() {
-		drawManager.delete();
-	}
-
-	@Override
-	public void addDebugInfo(List<String> info) {
-		info.add("GL46 Indirect");
-		info.add("Origin: " + renderOrigin.getX() + ", " + renderOrigin.getY() + ", " + renderOrigin.getZ());
+		drawManager.invalidate();
 	}
 }

src/main/java/com/jozufozu/flywheel/backend/engine/instancing/EBOCache.java

@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ public class EBOCache {
 	private final List<Entry> quads = new ArrayList<>();
 	private final Object2ReferenceMap<Key, Entry> others = new Object2ReferenceOpenHashMap<>();
 
-	public void delete() {
+	public void invalidate() {
 		quads.forEach(Entry::delete);
 		others.values()
 				.forEach(Entry::delete);

src/main/java/com/jozufozu/flywheel/backend/engine/instancing/InstancedDrawManager.java

@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ public class InstancedDrawManager {
 		}
 	}
 
-	public void delete() {
+	public void invalidate() {
 		instancers.clear();
 
 		meshPools.values()
@@ -71,7 +71,7 @@ public class InstancedDrawManager {
 		initializedInstancers.forEach(InstancedInstancer::delete);
 		initializedInstancers.clear();
 
-		eboCache.delete();
+		eboCache.invalidate();
 	}
 
 	public void clearInstancers() {

src/main/java/com/jozufozu/flywheel/backend/engine/instancing/InstancingEngine.java

@@ -1,7 +1,5 @@
 package com.jozufozu.flywheel.backend.engine.instancing;
 
-import java.util.List;
-
 import org.lwjgl.opengl.GL32;
 
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.api.context.Context;
@@ -122,12 +120,6 @@ public class InstancingEngine extends AbstractEngine {
 
 	@Override
 	public void delete() {
-		drawManager.delete();
-	}
-
-	@Override
-	public void addDebugInfo(List<String> info) {
-		info.add("GL33 Instanced Arrays");
-		info.add("Origin: " + renderOrigin.getX() + ", " + renderOrigin.getY() + ", " + renderOrigin.getZ());
+		drawManager.invalidate();
 	}
 }

src/main/java/com/jozufozu/flywheel/backend/task/FlwTaskExecutor.java

@@ -1,18 +0,0 @@
-package com.jozufozu.flywheel.backend.task;
-
-public class FlwTaskExecutor {
-	private static ParallelTaskExecutor executor;
-
-	/**
-	 * Get a thread pool for running Flywheel related work in parallel.
-	 * @return A global Flywheel thread pool.
-	 */
-	public static ParallelTaskExecutor get() {
-		if (executor == null) {
-			executor = new ParallelTaskExecutor("Flywheel");
-			executor.startWorkers();
-		}
-
-		return executor;
-	}
-}

src/main/java/com/jozufozu/flywheel/gl/array/GlVertexArrayDSA.java

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ import org.lwjgl.opengl.GL45C;
 import org.lwjgl.system.Checks;
 
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.gl.GlCompat;
-import com.jozufozu.flywheel.util.FlwUtil;
+import com.jozufozu.flywheel.lib.util.FlwUtil;
 
 public class GlVertexArrayDSA extends GlVertexArray {
 	public static final boolean SUPPORTED = isSupported();

src/main/java/com/jozufozu/flywheel/gl/array/GlVertexArrayGL3.java

@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ import org.lwjgl.system.Checks;
 
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.gl.GlCompat;
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.gl.buffer.GlBufferType;
-import com.jozufozu.flywheel.util.FlwUtil;
+import com.jozufozu.flywheel.lib.util.FlwUtil;
 
 public abstract class GlVertexArrayGL3 extends GlVertexArray {
 	private final BitSet attributeDirty = new BitSet(MAX_ATTRIBS);

src/main/java/com/jozufozu/flywheel/gl/array/GlVertexArraySeparateAttributes.java

@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ import org.lwjgl.system.Checks;
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.gl.GlCompat;
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.gl.GlStateTracker;
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.gl.buffer.GlBufferType;
-import com.jozufozu.flywheel.util.FlwUtil;
+import com.jozufozu.flywheel.lib.util.FlwUtil;
 
 public class GlVertexArraySeparateAttributes extends GlVertexArray {
 	public static final boolean SUPPORTED = isSupported();

src/main/java/com/jozufozu/flywheel/gl/shader/GlProgram.java

@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
 package com.jozufozu.flywheel.gl.shader;
 
+import static org.lwjgl.opengl.GL20.glDeleteProgram;
+import static org.lwjgl.opengl.GL20.glGetUniformLocation;
+import static org.lwjgl.opengl.GL20.glUniform1i;
 import static org.lwjgl.opengl.GL31.GL_INVALID_INDEX;
 import static org.lwjgl.opengl.GL31.glGetUniformBlockIndex;
 import static org.lwjgl.opengl.GL31.glUniformBlockBinding;
-import static org.lwjgl.opengl.GL32.glDeleteProgram;
-import static org.lwjgl.opengl.GL32.glGetUniformLocation;
-import static org.lwjgl.opengl.GL32.glUniform1i;
 
 import org.slf4j.Logger;
 

src/main/java/com/jozufozu/flywheel/glsl/LoadError.java

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ import java.util.stream.Collectors;
 
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.glsl.error.ErrorBuilder;
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.glsl.span.Span;
-import com.jozufozu.flywheel.util.Pair;
+import com.jozufozu.flywheel.lib.util.Pair;
 
 import net.minecraft.ResourceLocationException;
 import net.minecraft.resources.ResourceLocation;

src/main/java/com/jozufozu/flywheel/glsl/ShaderSources.java

@@ -1,6 +1,8 @@
 package com.jozufozu.flywheel.glsl;
 
 import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.InputStream;
+import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
 import java.util.ArrayDeque;
 import java.util.Deque;
 import java.util.HashMap;
@@ -10,10 +12,10 @@ import java.util.Map;
 import org.jetbrains.annotations.NotNull;
 import org.jetbrains.annotations.VisibleForTesting;
 
-import com.jozufozu.flywheel.util.ResourceUtil;
-import com.jozufozu.flywheel.util.StringUtil;
+import com.jozufozu.flywheel.lib.util.ResourceUtil;
 
 import net.minecraft.resources.ResourceLocation;
+import net.minecraft.server.packs.resources.Resource;
 import net.minecraft.server.packs.resources.ResourceManager;
 
 /**
@@ -66,11 +68,9 @@ public class ShaderSources {
 
 	@NotNull
 	protected LoadResult load(ResourceLocation loc) {
-		try {
-			var resource = manager.getResource(ResourceUtil.prefixed(SHADER_DIR, loc));
-
-			var sourceString = StringUtil.readToString(resource.getInputStream());
-
+		try (Resource resource = manager.getResource(ResourceUtil.prefixed(SHADER_DIR, loc))) {
+			InputStream stream = resource.getInputStream();
+			String sourceString = new String(stream.readAllBytes(), StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
 			return SourceFile.parse(this, loc, sourceString);
 		} catch (IOException e) {
 			return new LoadResult.Failure(new LoadError.IOError(loc, e));

src/main/java/com/jozufozu/flywheel/glsl/SourceFile.java

@@ -17,8 +17,8 @@ import com.jozufozu.flywheel.glsl.parse.ShaderFunction;
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.glsl.parse.ShaderStruct;
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.glsl.span.Span;
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.glsl.span.StringSpan;
-import com.jozufozu.flywheel.util.Pair;
-import com.jozufozu.flywheel.util.ResourceUtil;
+import com.jozufozu.flywheel.lib.util.Pair;
+import com.jozufozu.flywheel.lib.util.ResourceUtil;
 
 import net.minecraft.ResourceLocationException;
 import net.minecraft.resources.ResourceLocation;

src/main/java/com/jozufozu/flywheel/glsl/error/ConsoleColors.java

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
-package com.jozufozu.flywheel.util;
+package com.jozufozu.flywheel.glsl.error;
 
 // https://stackoverflow.com/a/45444716
-public class ConsoleColors {
+public final class ConsoleColors {
 	// Reset
 	public static final String RESET = "\033[0m";  // Text Reset
 
@@ -74,4 +74,7 @@ public class ConsoleColors {
 	public static final String PURPLE_BACKGROUND_BRIGHT = "\033[0;105m"; // PURPLE
 	public static final String CYAN_BACKGROUND_BRIGHT = "\033[0;106m";  // CYAN
 	public static final String WHITE_BACKGROUND_BRIGHT = "\033[0;107m";   // WHITE
+
+	private ConsoleColors() {
+	}
 }

src/main/java/com/jozufozu/flywheel/glsl/error/ErrorBuilder.java

@@ -19,8 +19,7 @@ import com.jozufozu.flywheel.glsl.error.lines.SourceLine;
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.glsl.error.lines.SpanHighlightLine;
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.glsl.error.lines.TextLine;
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.glsl.span.Span;
-import com.jozufozu.flywheel.util.ConsoleColors;
-import com.jozufozu.flywheel.util.StringUtil;
+import com.jozufozu.flywheel.lib.util.StringUtil;
 
 import net.minecraft.resources.ResourceLocation;
 

src/main/java/com/jozufozu/flywheel/glsl/error/ErrorLevel.java

@@ -1,7 +1,5 @@
 package com.jozufozu.flywheel.glsl.error;
 
-import com.jozufozu.flywheel.util.ConsoleColors;
-
 public enum ErrorLevel {
 	WARN(ConsoleColors.YELLOW, "warn"),
 	ERROR(ConsoleColors.RED, "error"),

src/main/java/com/jozufozu/flywheel/glsl/generate/FnSignature.java

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ import java.util.Collection;
 import java.util.stream.Collectors;
 
 import com.google.common.collect.ImmutableList;
-import com.jozufozu.flywheel.util.Pair;
+import com.jozufozu.flywheel.lib.util.Pair;
 
 public record FnSignature(String returnType, String name, ImmutableList<Pair<String, String>> args) {
 

src/main/java/com/jozufozu/flywheel/glsl/generate/GlslFn.java

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ package com.jozufozu.flywheel.glsl.generate;
 
 import java.util.function.Consumer;
 
-import com.jozufozu.flywheel.util.StringUtil;
+import com.jozufozu.flywheel.lib.util.StringUtil;
 
 public class GlslFn implements GlslBuilder.Declaration {
 	private final GlslBlock body = new GlslBlock();

src/main/java/com/jozufozu/flywheel/glsl/generate/GlslStruct.java

@@ -4,8 +4,8 @@ import java.util.ArrayList;
 import java.util.List;
 import java.util.stream.Collectors;
 
-import com.jozufozu.flywheel.util.Pair;
-import com.jozufozu.flywheel.util.StringUtil;
+import com.jozufozu.flywheel.lib.util.Pair;
+import com.jozufozu.flywheel.lib.util.StringUtil;
 
 public class GlslStruct implements GlslBuilder.Declaration {
 

src/main/java/com/jozufozu/flywheel/glsl/generate/GlslSwitch.java

@@ -6,8 +6,8 @@ import java.util.stream.Collectors;
 
 import org.jetbrains.annotations.NotNull;
 
-import com.jozufozu.flywheel.util.Pair;
-import com.jozufozu.flywheel.util.StringUtil;
+import com.jozufozu.flywheel.lib.util.Pair;
+import com.jozufozu.flywheel.lib.util.StringUtil;
 
 public class GlslSwitch implements GlslStmt {
 

src/main/java/com/jozufozu/flywheel/glsl/generate/GlslUniformBlock.java

@@ -4,8 +4,8 @@ import java.util.ArrayList;
 import java.util.List;
 import java.util.stream.Collectors;
 
-import com.jozufozu.flywheel.util.Pair;
-import com.jozufozu.flywheel.util.StringUtil;
+import com.jozufozu.flywheel.lib.util.Pair;
+import com.jozufozu.flywheel.lib.util.StringUtil;
 
 public class GlslUniformBlock implements GlslBuilder.Declaration {
     private String qualifier;

src/main/java/com/jozufozu/flywheel/handler/EntityWorldHandler.java

@@ -1,34 +0,0 @@
-package com.jozufozu.flywheel.handler;
-
-import com.jozufozu.flywheel.impl.visualization.VisualizedRenderDispatcher;
-import com.jozufozu.flywheel.util.FlwUtil;
-
-import net.minecraft.world.level.Level;
-import net.minecraftforge.event.entity.EntityJoinWorldEvent;
-import net.minecraftforge.event.entity.EntityLeaveWorldEvent;
-
-public class EntityWorldHandler {
-	public static void onEntityJoinWorld(EntityJoinWorldEvent event) {
-		Level level = event.getWorld();
-		if (!level.isClientSide) {
-			return;
-		}
-
-		if (FlwUtil.canUseVisualization(level)) {
-			VisualizedRenderDispatcher.getEntities(level)
-					.queueAdd(event.getEntity());
-		}
-	}
-
-	public static void onEntityLeaveWorld(EntityLeaveWorldEvent event) {
-		Level level = event.getWorld();
-		if (!level.isClientSide) {
-			return;
-		}
-
-		if (FlwUtil.canUseVisualization(level)) {
-			VisualizedRenderDispatcher.getEntities(level)
-					.queueRemove(event.getEntity());
-		}
-	}
-}

src/main/java/com/jozufozu/flywheel/handler/ForgeEvents.java

@@ -1,41 +0,0 @@
-package com.jozufozu.flywheel.handler;
-
-import java.util.ArrayList;
-
-import com.jozufozu.flywheel.Flywheel;
-import com.jozufozu.flywheel.impl.visualization.VisualizedRenderDispatcher;
-import com.jozufozu.flywheel.lib.light.LightUpdater;
-import com.jozufozu.flywheel.lib.memory.FlwMemoryTracker;
-import com.jozufozu.flywheel.util.FlwUtil;
-import com.jozufozu.flywheel.util.StringUtil;
-import com.jozufozu.flywheel.util.WorldAttached;
-
-import net.minecraft.client.Minecraft;
-import net.minecraftforge.client.event.RenderGameOverlayEvent;
-import net.minecraftforge.event.TickEvent;
-import net.minecraftforge.event.world.WorldEvent;
-
-public class ForgeEvents {
-	public static void addToDebugScreen(RenderGameOverlayEvent.Text event) {
-		if (Minecraft.getInstance().options.renderDebug) {
-			ArrayList<String> debug = event.getRight();
-			debug.add("");
-			debug.add("Flywheel: " + Flywheel.getVersion());
-
-			VisualizedRenderDispatcher.addDebugInfo(debug);
-
-			debug.add("Memory Usage: CPU: " + StringUtil.formatBytes(FlwMemoryTracker.getCPUMemory()) + ", GPU: " + StringUtil.formatBytes(FlwMemoryTracker.getGPUMemory()));
-		}
-	}
-
-	public static void unloadWorld(WorldEvent.Unload event) {
-		WorldAttached.invalidateWorld(event.getWorld());
-	}
-
-	public static void tickLight(TickEvent.ClientTickEvent event) {
-		if (event.phase == TickEvent.Phase.END && FlwUtil.isGameActive()) {
-			LightUpdater.get(Minecraft.getInstance().level)
-					.tick();
-		}
-	}
-}

src/main/java/com/jozufozu/flywheel/impl/BackendManagerImpl.java

@@ -8,13 +8,14 @@ import com.jozufozu.flywheel.api.backend.Backend;
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.api.event.ReloadRenderersEvent;
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.backend.Backends;
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.config.FlwConfig;
-import com.jozufozu.flywheel.impl.visualization.VisualizedRenderDispatcher;
+import com.jozufozu.flywheel.impl.visualization.VisualizationManagerImpl;
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.lib.backend.SimpleBackend;
 import com.mojang.logging.LogUtils;
 
 import net.minecraft.ChatFormatting;
 import net.minecraft.client.multiplayer.ClientLevel;
 import net.minecraft.network.chat.TextComponent;
+import net.minecraft.resources.ResourceLocation;
 import net.minecraftforge.fml.CrashReportCallables;
 
 public final class BackendManagerImpl {
@@ -23,7 +24,7 @@ public final class BackendManagerImpl {
 	private static final Backend OFF_BACKEND = SimpleBackend.builder()
 			.engineMessage(new TextComponent("Disabled Flywheel").withStyle(ChatFormatting.RED))
 			.engineFactory(level -> {
-				throw new IllegalStateException("Cannot create engine when backend is off.");
+				throw new UnsupportedOperationException("Cannot create engine when backend is off.");
 			})
 			.supported(() -> true)
 			.register(Flywheel.rl("off"));
@@ -32,6 +33,9 @@ public final class BackendManagerImpl {
 
 	private static Backend backend = OFF_BACKEND;
 
+	private BackendManagerImpl() {
+	}
+
 	public static Backend getBackend() {
 		return backend;
 	}
@@ -62,7 +66,7 @@ public final class BackendManagerImpl {
 		backend = chooseBackend();
 
 		if (level != null) {
-			VisualizedRenderDispatcher.resetVisualWorld(level);
+			VisualizationManagerImpl.reset(level);
 		}
 	}
 
@@ -77,16 +81,15 @@ public final class BackendManagerImpl {
 		return actual;
 	}
 
-	public static void init() {
-		CrashReportCallables.registerCrashCallable("Flywheel Backend", () -> {
-			var backendId = Backend.REGISTRY.getId(backend);
-			if (backendId == null) {
-				return "Unregistered";
-			}
-			return backendId.toString();
-		});
+	public static String getBackendString() {
+		ResourceLocation backendId = Backend.REGISTRY.getId(backend);
+		if (backendId == null) {
+			return "[unregistered]";
+		}
+		return backendId.toString();
 	}
 
-	private BackendManagerImpl() {
+	public static void init() {
+		CrashReportCallables.registerCrashCallable("Flywheel Backend", BackendManagerImpl::getBackendString);
 	}
 }

src/main/java/com/jozufozu/flywheel/impl/task/FlwTaskExecutor.java

@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+package com.jozufozu.flywheel.impl.task;
+
+import org.apache.commons.lang3.concurrent.AtomicSafeInitializer;
+import org.apache.commons.lang3.concurrent.ConcurrentUtils;
+
+public final class FlwTaskExecutor {
+	// TODO: system property to use SerialTaskExecutor
+	private static final Initializer INITIALIZER = new Initializer();
+
+	private FlwTaskExecutor() {
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Get a thread pool for running Flywheel related work in parallel.
+	 * @return A global Flywheel thread pool.
+	 */
+	public static ParallelTaskExecutor get() {
+		return ConcurrentUtils.initializeUnchecked(INITIALIZER);
+	}
+
+	private static class Initializer extends AtomicSafeInitializer<ParallelTaskExecutor> {
+		@Override
+		protected ParallelTaskExecutor initialize() {
+			ParallelTaskExecutor executor = new ParallelTaskExecutor("Flywheel");
+			executor.startWorkers();
+			return executor;
+		}
+	}
+}

src/main/java/com/jozufozu/flywheel/impl/task/ParallelTaskExecutor.java

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-package com.jozufozu.flywheel.backend.task;
+package com.jozufozu.flywheel.impl.task;
 
 import java.util.ArrayList;
 import java.util.Deque;
@@ -13,8 +13,6 @@ import org.slf4j.Logger;
 
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.Flywheel;
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.api.task.TaskExecutor;
-import com.jozufozu.flywheel.lib.task.ThreadGroupNotifier;
-import com.jozufozu.flywheel.lib.task.WaitGroup;
 import com.mojang.blaze3d.systems.RenderSystem;
 import com.mojang.logging.LogUtils;
 

src/main/java/com/jozufozu/flywheel/impl/task/SerialTaskExecutor.java

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-package com.jozufozu.flywheel.backend.task;
+package com.jozufozu.flywheel.impl.task;
 
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.api.task.TaskExecutor;
 

src/main/java/com/jozufozu/flywheel/impl/task/ThreadGroupNotifier.java

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-package com.jozufozu.flywheel.lib.task;
+package com.jozufozu.flywheel.impl.task;
 
 /**
  * Thin wrapper around Java's built-in object synchronization primitives.

src/main/java/com/jozufozu/flywheel/impl/task/WaitGroup.java

@@ -1,15 +1,10 @@
-package com.jozufozu.flywheel.lib.task;
+package com.jozufozu.flywheel.impl.task;
 
 import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicInteger;
 
-import org.slf4j.Logger;
-
 import com.google.common.base.Preconditions;
-import com.mojang.logging.LogUtils;
 
 public class WaitGroup {
-	private static final Logger LOGGER = LogUtils.getLogger();
-
 	private final AtomicInteger counter = new AtomicInteger(0);
 
 	public void add() {

src/main/java/com/jozufozu/flywheel/impl/vertex/InferredVertexListProviderImpl.java

@@ -5,11 +5,9 @@ import com.jozufozu.flywheel.api.vertex.VertexListProvider;
 import com.mojang.blaze3d.vertex.VertexFormat;
 
 public class InferredVertexListProviderImpl implements VertexListProvider {
-	private final VertexFormat format;
 	private final InferredVertexFormatInfo formatInfo;
 
 	public InferredVertexListProviderImpl(VertexFormat format) {
-		this.format = format;
 		formatInfo = new InferredVertexFormatInfo(format);
 	}
 

src/main/java/com/jozufozu/flywheel/impl/visualization/FrameContext.java

@@ -2,5 +2,5 @@ package com.jozufozu.flywheel.impl.visualization;
 
 import org.joml.FrustumIntersection;
 
-public record FrameContext(double cameraX, double cameraY, double cameraZ, FrustumIntersection frustum) {
+public record FrameContext(double cameraX, double cameraY, double cameraZ, FrustumIntersection frustum, float partialTick) {
 }

src/main/java/com/jozufozu/flywheel/impl/visualization/VisualizationEventHandler.java

@@ -0,0 +1,87 @@
+package com.jozufozu.flywheel.impl.visualization;
+
+import com.jozufozu.flywheel.api.event.BeginFrameEvent;
+import com.jozufozu.flywheel.api.event.RenderStageEvent;
+import com.jozufozu.flywheel.api.visualization.VisualizationManager;
+import com.jozufozu.flywheel.lib.util.FlwUtil;
+
+import net.minecraft.client.Minecraft;
+import net.minecraft.client.multiplayer.ClientLevel;
+import net.minecraft.world.entity.Entity;
+import net.minecraft.world.level.Level;
+import net.minecraftforge.event.TickEvent;
+import net.minecraftforge.event.entity.EntityJoinWorldEvent;
+import net.minecraftforge.event.entity.EntityLeaveWorldEvent;
+
+public final class VisualizationEventHandler {
+	private VisualizationEventHandler() {
+	}
+
+	public static void onClientTick(TickEvent.ClientTickEvent event) {
+		if (event.phase != TickEvent.Phase.END || !FlwUtil.isGameActive()) {
+			return;
+		}
+
+		Minecraft mc = Minecraft.getInstance();
+		if (mc.isPaused()) {
+			return;
+		}
+
+		Entity cameraEntity = mc.getCameraEntity() == null ? mc.player : mc.getCameraEntity();
+		if (cameraEntity == null) {
+			return;
+		}
+
+		Level level = cameraEntity.level;
+		VisualizationManagerImpl manager = VisualizationManagerImpl.get(level);
+		if (manager == null) {
+			return;
+		}
+
+		double cameraX = cameraEntity.getX();
+		double cameraY = cameraEntity.getEyeY();
+		double cameraZ = cameraEntity.getZ();
+
+		manager.tick(cameraX, cameraY, cameraZ);
+	}
+
+	public static void onBeginFrame(BeginFrameEvent event) {
+		ClientLevel level = event.getContext().level();
+		VisualizationManagerImpl manager = VisualizationManagerImpl.get(level);
+		if (manager == null) {
+			return;
+		}
+
+		manager.beginFrame(event.getContext());
+	}
+
+	public static void onRenderStage(RenderStageEvent event) {
+		ClientLevel level = event.getContext().level();
+		VisualizationManagerImpl manager = VisualizationManagerImpl.get(level);
+		if (manager == null) {
+			return;
+		}
+
+		manager.renderStage(event.getContext(), event.getStage());
+	}
+
+	public static void onEntityJoinWorld(EntityJoinWorldEvent event) {
+		Level level = event.getWorld();
+		VisualizationManager manager = VisualizationManager.get(level);
+		if (manager == null) {
+			return;
+		}
+
+		manager.getEntities().queueAdd(event.getEntity());
+	}
+
+	public static void onEntityLeaveWorld(EntityLeaveWorldEvent event) {
+		Level level = event.getWorld();
+		VisualizationManager manager = VisualizationManager.get(level);
+		if (manager == null) {
+			return;
+		}
+
+		manager.getEntities().queueRemove(event.getEntity());
+	}
+}

src/main/java/com/jozufozu/flywheel/impl/visualization/VisualizationHelper.java

@@ -4,14 +4,19 @@ import org.jetbrains.annotations.Nullable;
 
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.api.visualization.BlockEntityVisualizer;
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.api.visualization.EntityVisualizer;
+import com.jozufozu.flywheel.api.visualization.VisualizationManager;
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.api.visualization.VisualizerRegistry;
 
 import net.minecraft.world.entity.Entity;
 import net.minecraft.world.entity.EntityType;
+import net.minecraft.world.level.Level;
 import net.minecraft.world.level.block.entity.BlockEntity;
 import net.minecraft.world.level.block.entity.BlockEntityType;
 
 public final class VisualizationHelper {
+	private VisualizationHelper() {
+	}
+
 	@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
 	@Nullable
 	public static <T extends BlockEntity> BlockEntityVisualizer<? super T> getVisualizer(T blockEntity) {
@@ -72,6 +77,20 @@ public final class VisualizationHelper {
 		return visualizer.shouldSkipRender(entity);
 	}
 
-	private VisualizationHelper() {
+	public static <T extends BlockEntity> boolean tryAddBlockEntity(T blockEntity) {
+		Level level = blockEntity.getLevel();
+		VisualizationManager manager = VisualizationManager.get(level);
+		if (manager == null) {
+			return false;
+		}
+
+		BlockEntityVisualizer<? super T> visualizer = getVisualizer(blockEntity);
+		if (visualizer == null) {
+			return false;
+		}
+
+		manager.getBlockEntities().queueAdd(blockEntity);
+
+		return visualizer.shouldSkipRender(blockEntity);
 	}
 }

src/main/java/com/jozufozu/flywheel/impl/visualization/VisualizationManagerImpl.java

@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 package com.jozufozu.flywheel.impl.visualization;
 
-import java.util.List;
-
+import org.jetbrains.annotations.Nullable;
 import org.joml.FrustumIntersection;
 
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.api.backend.BackendManager;
@@ -13,42 +12,47 @@ import com.jozufozu.flywheel.api.task.TaskExecutor;
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.api.visual.DynamicVisual;
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.api.visual.Effect;
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.api.visual.TickableVisual;
-import com.jozufozu.flywheel.backend.task.FlwTaskExecutor;
-import com.jozufozu.flywheel.backend.task.ParallelTaskExecutor;
-import com.jozufozu.flywheel.config.FlwCommands;
-import com.jozufozu.flywheel.config.FlwConfig;
+import com.jozufozu.flywheel.api.visualization.VisualManager;
+import com.jozufozu.flywheel.api.visualization.VisualizationLevel;
+import com.jozufozu.flywheel.api.visualization.VisualizationManager;
+import com.jozufozu.flywheel.extension.ClientLevelExtension;
+import com.jozufozu.flywheel.impl.task.FlwTaskExecutor;
+import com.jozufozu.flywheel.impl.task.ParallelTaskExecutor;
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.impl.visualization.manager.BlockEntityVisualManager;
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.impl.visualization.manager.EffectVisualManager;
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.impl.visualization.manager.EntityVisualManager;
-import com.jozufozu.flywheel.impl.visualization.manager.VisualManager;
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.lib.math.MatrixUtil;
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.lib.task.NestedPlan;
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.lib.task.SimplyComposedPlan;
-import com.jozufozu.flywheel.util.Unit;
+import com.jozufozu.flywheel.lib.util.LevelAttached;
 
+import net.minecraft.client.Minecraft;
+import net.minecraft.client.multiplayer.ClientLevel;
 import net.minecraft.core.Vec3i;
 import net.minecraft.world.entity.Entity;
 import net.minecraft.world.level.LevelAccessor;
 import net.minecraft.world.level.block.entity.BlockEntity;
 
 /**
- * A manager class for a single world where instancing is supported.
+ * A manager class for a single world where visualization is supported.
  */
-// AutoCloseable is implemented to prevent leaking this object from WorldAttached
-public class VisualWorld implements AutoCloseable {
+public class VisualizationManagerImpl implements VisualizationManager {
+	private static final LevelAttached<VisualizationManagerImpl> MANAGERS = new LevelAttached<>(VisualizationManagerImpl::new, VisualizationManagerImpl::delete);
+
 	private final Engine engine;
 	private final ParallelTaskExecutor taskExecutor;
 
-	private final VisualManager<BlockEntity> blockEntities;
-	private final VisualManager<Entity> entities;
-	private final VisualManager<Effect> effects;
+	private final BlockEntityVisualManager blockEntities;
+	private final EntityVisualManager entities;
+	private final EffectVisualManager effects;
 
 	private final Plan<TickContext> tickPlan;
 	private final Plan<RenderContext> framePlan;
 
-	public VisualWorld(LevelAccessor level) {
+	private VisualizationManagerImpl(LevelAccessor level) {
 		engine = BackendManager.getBackend()
 				.createEngine(level);
+		// FIXME: All VisualizationManagerImpls use the same executor so calls like syncPoint and discardAndAwait could adversely impact other active VisualizationManagerImpls
 		taskExecutor = FlwTaskExecutor.get();
 
 		blockEntities = new BlockEntityVisualManager(engine);
@@ -62,18 +66,74 @@ public class VisualWorld implements AutoCloseable {
 		framePlan = new FramePlan();
 	}
 
-	public Engine getEngine() {
-		return engine;
+	public static boolean supportsVisualization(@Nullable LevelAccessor level) {
+		if (!BackendManager.isOn()) {
+			return false;
+		}
+
+		if (level == null) {
+			return false;
+		}
+
+		if (!level.isClientSide()) {
+			return false;
+		}
+
+		if (level instanceof VisualizationLevel flywheelLevel && flywheelLevel.supportsVisualization()) {
+			return true;
+		}
+
+		return level == Minecraft.getInstance().level;
 	}
 
+	@Nullable
+	public static VisualizationManagerImpl get(@Nullable LevelAccessor level) {
+		if (!supportsVisualization(level)) {
+			return null;
+		}
+
+		return MANAGERS.get(level);
+	}
+
+	public static VisualizationManagerImpl getOrThrow(@Nullable LevelAccessor level) {
+		if (!supportsVisualization(level)) {
+			throw new IllegalStateException("Cannot retrieve visualization manager when visualization is not supported by level '" + level + "'!");
+		}
+
+		return MANAGERS.get(level);
+	}
+
+	// TODO: Consider making this reset action reuse the existing added game objects instead of readding them, potentially by keeping the same VisualizationManagerImpl and not fully deleting it
+	// TODO: Consider changing parameter type to Level since it is also possible to get all entities from it
+	public static void reset(ClientLevel level) {
+		MANAGERS.remove(level);
+		VisualizationManagerImpl manager = get(level);
+		if (manager == null) {
+			return;
+		}
+
+		// Block entities are loaded while chunks are baked.
+		// Entities are loaded with the level, so when chunks are reloaded they need to be re-added.
+		ClientLevelExtension.getAllLoadedEntities(level)
+				.forEach(manager.getEntities()::queueAdd);
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public Vec3i getRenderOrigin() {
+		return engine.renderOrigin();
+	}
+
+	@Override
 	public VisualManager<BlockEntity> getBlockEntities() {
 		return blockEntities;
 	}
 
+	@Override
 	public VisualManager<Entity> getEntities() {
 		return entities;
 	}
 
+	@Override
 	public VisualManager<Effect> getEffects() {
 		return effects;
 	}
@@ -111,16 +171,8 @@ public class VisualWorld implements AutoCloseable {
 		engine.renderStage(taskExecutor, context, stage);
 	}
 
-	public void addDebugInfo(List<String> info) {
-		info.add("B: " + blockEntities.getVisualCount()
-				+ ", E: " + entities.getVisualCount()
-				+ ", F: " + effects.getVisualCount());
-		info.add("Update limiting: " + FlwCommands.boolToText(FlwConfig.get().limitUpdates()).getString());
-		engine.addDebugInfo(info);
-	}
-
 	/**
-	 * Free all acquired resources and invalidate this visual world.
+	 * Free all acquired resources and delete this manager.
 	 */
 	public void delete() {
 		taskExecutor.discardAndAwait();
@@ -130,13 +182,8 @@ public class VisualWorld implements AutoCloseable {
 		engine.delete();
 	}
 
-	@Override
-	public void close() {
-		delete();
-	}
-
 	private class FramePlan implements SimplyComposedPlan<RenderContext> {
-		private final Plan<Unit> recreationPlan = NestedPlan.of(blockEntities.createRecreationPlan(), entities.createRecreationPlan(), effects.createRecreationPlan());
+		private final Plan<Float> recreationPlan = NestedPlan.of(blockEntities.createRecreationPlan(), entities.createRecreationPlan(), effects.createRecreationPlan());
 		private final Plan<FrameContext> normalPlan = blockEntities.createFramePlan()
 				.and(entities.createFramePlan())
 				.and(effects.createFramePlan());
@@ -146,9 +193,10 @@ public class VisualWorld implements AutoCloseable {
 		@Override
 		public void execute(TaskExecutor taskExecutor, RenderContext context, Runnable onCompletion) {
 			Runnable then = () -> enginePlan.execute(taskExecutor, context, onCompletion);
+			float partialTick = context.partialTick();
 
 			if (engine.updateRenderOrigin(context.camera())) {
-				recreationPlan.execute(taskExecutor, Unit.INSTANCE, then);
+				recreationPlan.execute(taskExecutor, partialTick, then);
 			} else {
 				Vec3i renderOrigin = engine.renderOrigin();
 				var cameraPos = context.camera()
@@ -161,7 +209,7 @@ public class VisualWorld implements AutoCloseable {
 				proj.translate((float) (renderOrigin.getX() - cameraX), (float) (renderOrigin.getY() - cameraY), (float) (renderOrigin.getZ() - cameraZ));
 				FrustumIntersection frustum = new FrustumIntersection(proj);
 
-				var frameContext = new FrameContext(cameraX, cameraY, cameraZ, frustum);
+				var frameContext = new FrameContext(cameraX, cameraY, cameraZ, frustum, partialTick);
 
 				normalPlan.execute(taskExecutor, frameContext, then);
 			}

src/main/java/com/jozufozu/flywheel/impl/visualization/VisualizedRenderDispatcher.java

@@ -1,191 +0,0 @@
-package com.jozufozu.flywheel.impl.visualization;
-
-import java.util.List;
-
-import com.jozufozu.flywheel.api.event.BeginFrameEvent;
-import com.jozufozu.flywheel.api.event.RenderStageEvent;
-import com.jozufozu.flywheel.api.visual.Effect;
-import com.jozufozu.flywheel.api.visual.Visual;
-import com.jozufozu.flywheel.api.visualization.BlockEntityVisualizer;
-import com.jozufozu.flywheel.extension.ClientLevelExtension;
-import com.jozufozu.flywheel.impl.visualization.manager.VisualManager;
-import com.jozufozu.flywheel.lib.util.AnimationTickHolder;
-import com.jozufozu.flywheel.util.FlwUtil;
-import com.jozufozu.flywheel.util.WorldAttached;
-
-import net.minecraft.client.Minecraft;
-import net.minecraft.client.multiplayer.ClientLevel;
-import net.minecraft.core.Vec3i;
-import net.minecraft.world.entity.Entity;
-import net.minecraft.world.level.Level;
-import net.minecraft.world.level.LevelAccessor;
-import net.minecraft.world.level.block.entity.BlockEntity;
-import net.minecraftforge.event.TickEvent;
-
-public class VisualizedRenderDispatcher {
-	private static final WorldAttached<VisualWorld> VISUAL_WORLDS = new WorldAttached<>(VisualWorld::new);
-
-	/**
-	 * Call this when you want to run {@link Visual#update()}.
-	 * @param blockEntity The block entity whose visual you want to update.
-	 */
-	public static void queueUpdate(BlockEntity blockEntity) {
-		if (!(blockEntity.getLevel() instanceof ClientLevel level)) {
-			return;
-		}
-
-		if (!FlwUtil.canUseVisualization(level)) {
-			return;
-		}
-
-		VISUAL_WORLDS.get(level)
-				.getBlockEntities()
-				.queueUpdate(blockEntity);
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Call this when you want to run {@link Visual#update()}.
-	 * @param entity The entity whose visual you want to update.
-	 */
-	public static void queueUpdate(Entity entity) {
-		Level level = entity.level;
-		if (!FlwUtil.canUseVisualization(level)) {
-			return;
-		}
-
-		VISUAL_WORLDS.get(level)
-				.getEntities()
-				.queueUpdate(entity);
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Call this when you want to run {@link Visual#update()}.
-	 * @param effect The effect whose visual you want to update.
-	 */
-	public static void queueUpdate(LevelAccessor level, Effect effect) {
-		if (!FlwUtil.canUseVisualization(level)) {
-			return;
-		}
-
-		VISUAL_WORLDS.get(level)
-				.getEffects()
-				.queueUpdate(effect);
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Get or create the {@link VisualWorld} for the given world.
-	 * @throws IllegalStateException if the backend is off
-	 */
-	private static VisualWorld getVisualWorld(LevelAccessor level) {
-		if (!FlwUtil.canUseVisualization(level)) {
-			throw new IllegalStateException("Cannot retrieve visual world when backend is off!");
-		}
-		return VISUAL_WORLDS.get(level);
-	}
-
-	public static VisualManager<BlockEntity> getBlockEntities(LevelAccessor level) {
-		return getVisualWorld(level).getBlockEntities();
-	}
-
-	public static VisualManager<Entity> getEntities(LevelAccessor level) {
-		return getVisualWorld(level).getEntities();
-	}
-
-	public static VisualManager<Effect> getEffects(LevelAccessor level) {
-		return getVisualWorld(level).getEffects();
-	}
-
-	public static Vec3i getRenderOrigin(LevelAccessor level) {
-		return getVisualWorld(level).getEngine().renderOrigin();
-	}
-
-	public static void tick(TickEvent.ClientTickEvent event) {
-		if (!FlwUtil.isGameActive() || event.phase == TickEvent.Phase.START) {
-			return;
-		}
-
-		AnimationTickHolder.tick();
-
-		Minecraft mc = Minecraft.getInstance();
-		if (mc.isPaused()) {
-			return;
-		}
-
-		Entity cameraEntity = mc.getCameraEntity() == null ? mc.player : mc.getCameraEntity();
-		if (cameraEntity == null) {
-			return;
-		}
-
-		Level level = cameraEntity.level;
-		if (!FlwUtil.canUseVisualization(level)) {
-			return;
-		}
-
-		double cameraX = cameraEntity.getX();
-		double cameraY = cameraEntity.getEyeY();
-		double cameraZ = cameraEntity.getZ();
-
-		VISUAL_WORLDS.get(level).tick(cameraX, cameraY, cameraZ);
-	}
-
-	public static void onBeginFrame(BeginFrameEvent event) {
-		if (!FlwUtil.isGameActive()) {
-			return;
-		}
-
-		ClientLevel level = event.getContext().level();
-		if (!FlwUtil.canUseVisualization(level)) {
-			return;
-		}
-
-		VISUAL_WORLDS.get(level).beginFrame(event.getContext());
-	}
-
-	public static void onRenderStage(RenderStageEvent event) {
-		ClientLevel level = event.getContext().level();
-		if (!FlwUtil.canUseVisualization(level)) {
-			return;
-		}
-
-		VISUAL_WORLDS.get(level).renderStage(event.getContext(), event.getStage());
-	}
-
-	public static void resetVisualWorld(ClientLevel level) {
-		VISUAL_WORLDS.remove(level, VisualWorld::delete);
-
-		if (!FlwUtil.canUseVisualization(level)) {
-			return;
-		}
-
-		VisualWorld world = VISUAL_WORLDS.get(level);
-		// Block entities are loaded while chunks are baked.
-		// Entities are loaded with the level, so when chunks are reloaded they need to be re-added.
-		ClientLevelExtension.getAllLoadedEntities(level)
-				.forEach(world.getEntities()::queueAdd);
-	}
-
-	public static <T extends BlockEntity> boolean tryAddBlockEntity(T blockEntity) {
-		Level level = blockEntity.getLevel();
-		if (!FlwUtil.canUseVisualization(level)) {
-			return false;
-		}
-
-		BlockEntityVisualizer<? super T> visualizer = VisualizationHelper.getVisualizer(blockEntity);
-		if (visualizer == null) {
-			return false;
-		}
-
-		getBlockEntities(level).queueAdd(blockEntity);
-
-		return visualizer.shouldSkipRender(blockEntity);
-	}
-
-	public static void addDebugInfo(List<String> info) {
-		ClientLevel level = Minecraft.getInstance().level;
-		if (FlwUtil.canUseVisualization(level)) {
-			VISUAL_WORLDS.get(level).addDebugInfo(info);
-		} else {
-			info.add("Disabled");
-		}
-	}
-}

src/main/java/com/jozufozu/flywheel/impl/visualization/VisualizerRegistryImpl.java

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-package com.jozufozu.flywheel.impl;
+package com.jozufozu.flywheel.impl.visualization;
 
 import org.jetbrains.annotations.Nullable;
 
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ import net.minecraft.world.entity.EntityType;
 import net.minecraft.world.level.block.entity.BlockEntity;
 import net.minecraft.world.level.block.entity.BlockEntityType;
 
-//TODO: Add freezing
+// TODO: Add freezing
 @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
 public final class VisualizerRegistryImpl {
 	@Nullable

src/main/java/com/jozufozu/flywheel/impl/visualization/manager/AbstractVisualManager.java

@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentLinkedQueue;
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.api.task.Plan;
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.api.visual.VisualFrameContext;
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.api.visual.VisualTickContext;
+import com.jozufozu.flywheel.api.visualization.VisualManager;
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.config.FlwConfig;
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.impl.visualization.FrameContext;
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.impl.visualization.TickContext;
@@ -15,15 +16,14 @@ import com.jozufozu.flywheel.impl.visualization.ratelimit.NonLimiter;
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.impl.visualization.storage.Storage;
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.impl.visualization.storage.Transaction;
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.lib.task.SimplePlan;
-import com.jozufozu.flywheel.util.Unit;
 
-public abstract class VisualManager<T> {
+public abstract class AbstractVisualManager<T> implements VisualManager<T> {
 	private final Queue<Transaction<T>> queue = new ConcurrentLinkedQueue<>();
 
 	protected DistanceUpdateLimiterImpl tickLimiter;
 	protected DistanceUpdateLimiterImpl frameLimiter;
 
-	public VisualManager() {
+	public AbstractVisualManager() {
 		tickLimiter = createUpdateLimiter();
 		frameLimiter = createUpdateLimiter();
 	}
@@ -39,15 +39,12 @@ public abstract class VisualManager<T> {
 		}
 	}
 
-	/**
-	 * Get the number of game objects that are currently being visualized.
-	 *
-	 * @return The object count.
-	 */
+	@Override
 	public int getVisualCount() {
 		return getStorage().getAllVisuals().size();
 	}
 
+	@Override
 	public void queueAdd(T obj) {
 		if (!getStorage().willAccept(obj)) {
 			return;
@@ -56,10 +53,12 @@ public abstract class VisualManager<T> {
 		queue.add(Transaction.add(obj));
 	}
 
+	@Override
 	public void queueRemove(T obj) {
 		queue.add(Transaction.remove(obj));
 	}
 
+	@Override
 	public void queueUpdate(T obj) {
 		if (!getStorage().willAccept(obj)) {
 			return;
@@ -68,7 +67,7 @@ public abstract class VisualManager<T> {
 		queue.add(Transaction.update(obj));
 	}
 
-	public Plan<Unit> createRecreationPlan() {
+	public Plan<Float> createRecreationPlan() {
 		return SimplePlan.of(getStorage()::recreateAll);
 	}
 
@@ -76,32 +75,32 @@ public abstract class VisualManager<T> {
 		getStorage().invalidate();
 	}
 
-	protected void processQueue() {
+	protected void processQueue(float partialTick) {
 		var storage = getStorage();
 		Transaction<T> transaction;
 		while ((transaction = queue.poll()) != null) {
-			transaction.apply(storage);
+			transaction.apply(storage, partialTick);
 		}
 	}
 
 	public Plan<TickContext> createTickPlan() {
 		return SimplePlan.<TickContext>of(() -> {
 					tickLimiter.tick();
-					processQueue();
+					processQueue(0);
 				})
 				.thenMap(this::createVisualTickContext, getStorage().getTickPlan());
 	}
 
 	public Plan<FrameContext> createFramePlan() {
-		return SimplePlan.<FrameContext>of(() -> {
+		return SimplePlan.<FrameContext>of(context -> {
 					frameLimiter.tick();
-					processQueue();
+					processQueue(context.partialTick());
 				})
 				.thenMap(this::createVisualContext, getStorage().getFramePlan());
 	}
 
 	private VisualFrameContext createVisualContext(FrameContext ctx) {
-		return new VisualFrameContext(ctx.cameraX(), ctx.cameraY(), ctx.cameraZ(), ctx.frustum(), frameLimiter);
+		return new VisualFrameContext(ctx.cameraX(), ctx.cameraY(), ctx.cameraZ(), ctx.frustum(), ctx.partialTick(), frameLimiter);
 	}
 
 	private VisualTickContext createVisualTickContext(TickContext ctx) {

src/main/java/com/jozufozu/flywheel/impl/visualization/manager/BlockEntityVisualManager.java

@@ -10,7 +10,6 @@ import com.jozufozu.flywheel.api.visual.Visual;
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.api.visualization.VisualizationContext;
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.impl.visualization.VisualizationHelper;
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.impl.visualization.storage.Storage;
-import com.jozufozu.flywheel.util.FlwUtil;
 
 import it.unimi.dsi.fastutil.longs.Long2ObjectMap;
 import it.unimi.dsi.fastutil.longs.Long2ObjectOpenHashMap;
@@ -19,7 +18,7 @@ import net.minecraft.world.level.BlockGetter;
 import net.minecraft.world.level.Level;
 import net.minecraft.world.level.block.entity.BlockEntity;
 
-public class BlockEntityVisualManager extends VisualManager<BlockEntity> {
+public class BlockEntityVisualManager extends AbstractVisualManager<BlockEntity> {
 	private final BlockEntityStorage storage;
 
 	public BlockEntityVisualManager(Engine engine) {
@@ -56,7 +55,6 @@ public class BlockEntityVisualManager extends VisualManager<BlockEntity> {
 			}
 
 			Level level = blockEntity.getLevel();
-
 			if (level == null) {
 				return false;
 			}
@@ -65,15 +63,9 @@ public class BlockEntityVisualManager extends VisualManager<BlockEntity> {
 				return false;
 			}
 
-			if (FlwUtil.isFlywheelLevel(level)) {
-				BlockPos pos = blockEntity.getBlockPos();
-
-				BlockGetter existingChunk = level.getChunkForCollisions(pos.getX() >> 4, pos.getZ() >> 4);
-
-				return existingChunk != null;
-			}
-
-			return false;
+			BlockPos pos = blockEntity.getBlockPos();
+			BlockGetter existingChunk = level.getChunkForCollisions(pos.getX() >> 4, pos.getZ() >> 4);
+			return existingChunk != null;
 		}
 
 		@Override

src/main/java/com/jozufozu/flywheel/impl/visualization/manager/EffectVisualManager.java

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ import com.jozufozu.flywheel.api.visual.EffectVisual;
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.api.visualization.VisualizationContext;
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.impl.visualization.storage.Storage;
 
-public class EffectVisualManager extends VisualManager<Effect> {
+public class EffectVisualManager extends AbstractVisualManager<Effect> {
 	private final EffectStorage storage;
 
 	public EffectVisualManager(Engine engine) {

src/main/java/com/jozufozu/flywheel/impl/visualization/manager/EntityVisualManager.java

@@ -7,12 +7,11 @@ import com.jozufozu.flywheel.api.visual.Visual;
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.api.visualization.VisualizationContext;
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.impl.visualization.VisualizationHelper;
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.impl.visualization.storage.Storage;
-import com.jozufozu.flywheel.util.FlwUtil;
 
 import net.minecraft.world.entity.Entity;
 import net.minecraft.world.level.Level;
 
-public class EntityVisualManager extends VisualManager<Entity> {
+public class EntityVisualManager extends AbstractVisualManager<Entity> {
 	private final EntityStorage storage;
 
 	public EntityVisualManager(Engine engine) {
@@ -51,8 +50,7 @@ public class EntityVisualManager extends VisualManager<Entity> {
 			}
 
 			Level level = entity.level;
-
-			return FlwUtil.isFlywheelLevel(level);
+			return level != null;
 		}
 	}
 }

src/main/java/com/jozufozu/flywheel/impl/visualization/storage/Storage.java

@@ -41,11 +41,11 @@ public abstract class Storage<T> {
 		return visuals.values();
 	}
 
-	public void add(T obj) {
+	public void add(T obj, float partialTick) {
 		Visual visual = visuals.get(obj);
 
 		if (visual == null) {
-			create(obj);
+			create(obj, partialTick);
 		}
 	}
 
@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ public abstract class Storage<T> {
 		visual.delete();
 	}
 
-	public void update(T obj) {
+	public void update(T obj, float partialTick) {
 		Visual visual = visuals.get(obj);
 
 		if (visual == null) {
@@ -76,13 +76,13 @@ public abstract class Storage<T> {
 			// delete and re-create the visual.
 			// resetting a visual supersedes updating it.
 			remove(obj);
-			create(obj);
+			create(obj, partialTick);
 		} else {
-			visual.update();
+			visual.update(partialTick);
 		}
 	}
 
-	public void recreateAll() {
+	public void recreateAll(float partialTick) {
 		tickableVisuals.clear();
 		dynamicVisuals.clear();
 		plannedVisuals.clear();
@@ -92,7 +92,7 @@ public abstract class Storage<T> {
 			Visual out = createRaw(obj);
 
 			if (out != null) {
-				setup(out);
+				setup(out, partialTick);
 			}
 
 			return out;
@@ -110,11 +110,11 @@ public abstract class Storage<T> {
 		visuals.clear();
 	}
 
-	private void create(T obj) {
+	private void create(T obj, float partialTick) {
 		Visual visual = createRaw(obj);
 
 		if (visual != null) {
-			setup(visual);
+			setup(visual, partialTick);
 			visuals.put(obj, visual);
 		}
 	}
@@ -130,8 +130,8 @@ public abstract class Storage<T> {
 		return tickPlan.and(ForEachPlan.of(() -> tickableVisuals, TickableVisual::tick));
 	}
 
-	private void setup(Visual visual) {
-		visual.init();
+	private void setup(Visual visual, float partialTick) {
+		visual.init(partialTick);
 
 		if (visual instanceof TickableVisual tickable) {
 			tickableVisuals.add(tickable);

src/main/java/com/jozufozu/flywheel/impl/visualization/storage/Transaction.java

@@ -13,11 +13,11 @@ public record Transaction<T>(T obj, Action action) {
 		return new Transaction<>(obj, Action.UPDATE);
 	}
 
-	public void apply(Storage<T> storage) {
+	public void apply(Storage<T> storage, float partialTick) {
 		switch (action) {
-		case ADD -> storage.add(obj);
+		case ADD -> storage.add(obj, partialTick);
 		case REMOVE -> storage.remove(obj);
-		case UPDATE -> storage.update(obj);
+		case UPDATE -> storage.update(obj, partialTick);
 		}
 	}
 }

src/main/java/com/jozufozu/flywheel/impl/visualization/storage/VisualUpdatePlan.java

@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@ public class VisualUpdatePlan<C> implements SimplyComposedPlan<C> {
 	private final Supplier<List<Plan<C>>> initializer;
 	@Nullable
 	private Plan<C> plan;
+	private boolean initialized = false;
 	private boolean needsSimplify = true;
 
 	public VisualUpdatePlan(Supplier<List<Plan<C>>> initializer) {
@@ -32,13 +33,21 @@ public class VisualUpdatePlan<C> implements SimplyComposedPlan<C> {
 		} else {
 			this.plan = this.plan.and(plan);
 		}
+
 		needsSimplify = true;
 	}
 
 	@NotNull
 	private Plan<C> updatePlans() {
-		if (plan == null) {
-			plan = new NestedPlan<>(initializer.get()).simplify();
+		if (!initialized) {
+			Plan<C> mainPlan = new NestedPlan<>(initializer.get());
+			if (plan != null) {
+				plan = mainPlan.and(plan);
+			} else {
+				plan = mainPlan;
+			}
+			plan = plan.simplify();
+			initialized = true;
 		} else if (needsSimplify) {
 			plan = plan.simplify();
 		}
@@ -49,5 +58,6 @@ public class VisualUpdatePlan<C> implements SimplyComposedPlan<C> {
 
 	public void clear() {
 		plan = null;
+		initialized = false;
 	}
 }

src/main/java/com/jozufozu/flywheel/lib/box/Box.java

@@ -1,10 +1,9 @@
 package com.jozufozu.flywheel.lib.box;
 
-import static com.jozufozu.flywheel.lib.math.RenderMath.isPowerOf2;
-
+import net.minecraft.util.Mth;
 import net.minecraft.world.phys.AABB;
 
-public interface ImmutableBox {
+public interface Box {
 	int getMinX();
 
 	int getMinY();
@@ -33,16 +32,16 @@ public interface ImmutableBox {
 		return sizeX() * sizeY() * sizeZ();
 	}
 
-	default boolean empty() {
+	default boolean isEmpty() {
 		// if any dimension has side length 0 this box contains no volume
 		return getMinX() == getMaxX() || getMinY() == getMaxY() || getMinZ() == getMaxZ();
 	}
 
-	default boolean sameAs(ImmutableBox other) {
+	default boolean sameAs(Box other) {
 		return getMinX() == other.getMinX() && getMinY() == other.getMinY() && getMinZ() == other.getMinZ() && getMaxX() == other.getMaxX() && getMaxY() == other.getMaxY() && getMaxZ() == other.getMaxZ();
 	}
 
-	default boolean sameAs(ImmutableBox other, int margin) {
+	default boolean sameAs(Box other, int margin) {
 		return getMinX() == other.getMinX() - margin &&
 				getMinY() == other.getMinY() - margin &&
 				getMinZ() == other.getMinZ() - margin &&
@@ -60,33 +59,11 @@ public interface ImmutableBox {
 				&& getMaxZ() == Math.ceil(other.maxZ);
 	}
 
-	default boolean hasPowerOf2Sides() {
-		// this is only true if all individual side lengths are powers of 2
-		return isPowerOf2(volume());
+	default boolean intersects(int minX, int minY, int minZ, int maxX, int maxY, int maxZ) {
+		return this.getMinX() < maxX && this.getMaxX() > minX && this.getMinY() < maxY && this.getMaxY() > minY && this.getMinZ() < maxZ && this.getMaxZ() > minZ;
 	}
 
-	default MutableBox intersect(ImmutableBox other) {
-		int minX = Math.max(this.getMinX(), other.getMinX());
-		int minY = Math.max(this.getMinY(), other.getMinY());
-		int minZ = Math.max(this.getMinZ(), other.getMinZ());
-		int maxX = Math.min(this.getMaxX(), other.getMaxX());
-		int maxY = Math.min(this.getMaxY(), other.getMaxY());
-		int maxZ = Math.min(this.getMaxZ(), other.getMaxZ());
-		return new MutableBox(minX, minY, minZ, maxX, maxY, maxZ);
-	}
-
-	default ImmutableBox union(ImmutableBox other) {
-		int minX = Math.min(this.getMinX(), other.getMinX());
-		int minY = Math.min(this.getMinY(), other.getMinY());
-		int minZ = Math.min(this.getMinZ(), other.getMinZ());
-		int maxX = Math.max(this.getMaxX(), other.getMaxX());
-		int maxY = Math.max(this.getMaxY(), other.getMaxY());
-		int maxZ = Math.max(this.getMaxZ(), other.getMaxZ());
-		return new MutableBox(minX, minY, minZ, maxX, maxY, maxZ);
-	}
-
-
-	default boolean intersects(ImmutableBox other) {
+	default boolean intersects(Box other) {
 		return this.intersects(other.getMinX(), other.getMinY(), other.getMinZ(), other.getMaxX(), other.getMaxY(), other.getMaxZ());
 	}
 
@@ -99,7 +76,7 @@ public interface ImmutableBox {
 				&& z <= getMaxZ();
 	}
 
-	default boolean contains(ImmutableBox other) {
+	default boolean contains(Box other) {
 		return other.getMinX() >= this.getMinX()
 				&& other.getMaxX() <= this.getMaxX()
 				&& other.getMinY() >= this.getMinY()
@@ -108,26 +85,48 @@ public interface ImmutableBox {
 				&& other.getMaxZ() <= this.getMaxZ();
 	}
 
-	default boolean isContainedBy(MutableBox other) {
-		return other.contains(this);
-	}
-
-	default boolean intersects(int minX, int minY, int minZ, int maxX, int maxY, int maxZ) {
-		return this.getMinX() < maxX && this.getMaxX() > minX && this.getMinY() < maxY && this.getMaxY() > minY && this.getMinZ() < maxZ && this.getMaxZ() > minZ;
-	}
-
 	default void forEachContained(CoordinateConsumer func) {
-		if (empty()) return;
+		int minX = getMinX();
+		int minY = getMinY();
+		int minZ = getMinZ();
+		int maxX = getMaxX();
+		int maxY = getMaxY();
+		int maxZ = getMaxZ();
 
-		for (int x = getMinX(); x < getMaxX(); x++) {
-			for (int y = getMinY(); y < getMaxY(); y++) {
-				for (int z = getMinZ(); z < getMaxZ(); z++) {
-					func.consume(x, y, z);
+		for (int x = minX; x < maxX; x++) {
+			for (int y = minY; y < maxY; y++) {
+				for (int z = minZ; z < maxZ; z++) {
+					func.accept(x, y, z);
 				}
 			}
 		}
 	}
 
+	default boolean hasPowerOf2Sides() {
+		// this is only true if all individual side lengths are powers of 2
+		return Mth.isPowerOfTwo(volume());
+	}
+
+	default MutableBox union(Box other) {
+		int minX = Math.min(this.getMinX(), other.getMinX());
+		int minY = Math.min(this.getMinY(), other.getMinY());
+		int minZ = Math.min(this.getMinZ(), other.getMinZ());
+		int maxX = Math.max(this.getMaxX(), other.getMaxX());
+		int maxY = Math.max(this.getMaxY(), other.getMaxY());
+		int maxZ = Math.max(this.getMaxZ(), other.getMaxZ());
+		return new MutableBox(minX, minY, minZ, maxX, maxY, maxZ);
+	}
+
+	default MutableBox intersect(Box other) {
+		int minX = Math.max(this.getMinX(), other.getMinX());
+		int minY = Math.max(this.getMinY(), other.getMinY());
+		int minZ = Math.max(this.getMinZ(), other.getMinZ());
+		int maxX = Math.min(this.getMaxX(), other.getMaxX());
+		int maxY = Math.min(this.getMaxY(), other.getMaxY());
+		int maxZ = Math.min(this.getMaxZ(), other.getMaxZ());
+		return new MutableBox(minX, minY, minZ, maxX, maxY, maxZ);
+	}
+
 	default AABB toAABB() {
 		return new AABB(getMinX(), getMinY(), getMinZ(), getMaxX(), getMaxY(), getMaxZ());
 	}
@@ -138,6 +137,6 @@ public interface ImmutableBox {
 
 	@FunctionalInterface
 	interface CoordinateConsumer {
-		void consume(int x, int y, int z);
+		void accept(int x, int y, int z);
 	}
 }

src/main/java/com/jozufozu/flywheel/lib/box/MutableBox.java

@@ -10,13 +10,13 @@ import net.minecraft.core.SectionPos;
 import net.minecraft.core.Vec3i;
 import net.minecraft.world.phys.AABB;
 
-public class MutableBox implements ImmutableBox {
-	private int minX;
-	private int minY;
-	private int minZ;
-	private int maxX;
-	private int maxY;
-	private int maxZ;
+public class MutableBox implements Box {
+	protected int minX;
+	protected int minY;
+	protected int minZ;
+	protected int maxX;
+	protected int maxY;
+	protected int maxZ;
 
 	public MutableBox() {
 	}
@@ -30,10 +30,6 @@ public class MutableBox implements ImmutableBox {
 		this.maxZ = maxZ;
 	}
 
-	public static MutableBox ofRadius(int radius) {
-		return new MutableBox(-radius, -radius, -radius, radius + 1, radius + 1, radius + 1);
-	}
-
 	public static MutableBox from(AABB aabb) {
 		int minX = (int) Math.floor(aabb.minX);
 		int minY = (int) Math.floor(aabb.minY);
@@ -44,25 +40,23 @@ public class MutableBox implements ImmutableBox {
 		return new MutableBox(minX, minY, minZ, maxX, maxY, maxZ);
 	}
 
+	public static MutableBox from(Vec3i pos) {
+		return new MutableBox(pos.getX(), pos.getY(), pos.getZ(), pos.getX() + 1, pos.getY() + 1, pos.getZ() + 1);
+	}
+
 	public static MutableBox from(SectionPos pos) {
 		return new MutableBox(pos.minBlockX(), pos.minBlockY(), pos.minBlockZ(), pos.maxBlockX() + 1, pos.maxBlockY() + 1, pos.maxBlockZ() + 1);
 	}
 
-	public static MutableBox from(BlockPos start, BlockPos end) {
+	public static MutableBox from(Vec3i start, Vec3i end) {
 		return new MutableBox(start.getX(), start.getY(), start.getZ(), end.getX() + 1, end.getY() + 1, end.getZ() + 1);
 	}
 
-	public static MutableBox from(BlockPos pos) {
-		return new MutableBox(pos.getX(), pos.getY(), pos.getZ(), pos.getX() + 1, pos.getY() + 1, pos.getZ() + 1);
+	public static MutableBox ofRadius(int radius) {
+		return new MutableBox(-radius, -radius, -radius, radius + 1, radius + 1, radius + 1);
 	}
 
-	public static MutableBox from(int sectionX, int sectionZ) {
-		int startX = sectionX << 4;
-		int startZ = sectionZ << 4;
-		return new MutableBox(startX, 0, startZ, startX + 16, 256, startZ + 16);
-	}
-
-	public static ImmutableBox containingAll(Collection<BlockPos> positions) {
+	public static Box containingAll(Collection<BlockPos> positions) {
 		if (positions.isEmpty()) {
 			return new MutableBox();
 		}
@@ -83,169 +77,6 @@ public class MutableBox implements ImmutableBox {
 		return new MutableBox(minX, minY, minZ, maxX, maxY, maxZ);
 	}
 
-    public void fixMinMax() {
-		int minX = Math.min(this.minX, this.maxX);
-		int minY = Math.min(this.minY, this.maxY);
-		int minZ = Math.min(this.minZ, this.maxZ);
-		int maxX = Math.max(this.minX, this.maxX);
-		int maxY = Math.max(this.minY, this.maxY);
-		int maxZ = Math.max(this.minZ, this.maxZ);
-
-		this.minX = minX;
-		this.minY = minY;
-		this.minZ = minZ;
-		this.maxX = maxX;
-		this.maxY = maxY;
-		this.maxZ = maxZ;
-	}
-
-	public void translate(Vec3i by) {
-		translate(by.getX(), by.getY(), by.getZ());
-	}
-
-	public void translate(int x, int y, int z) {
-		minX = minX + x;
-		maxX = maxX + x;
-		minY = minY + y;
-		maxY = maxY + y;
-		minZ = minZ + z;
-		maxZ = maxZ + z;
-	}
-
-	public void mirrorAbout(Direction.Axis axis) {
-		Vec3i axisVec = Direction.get(Direction.AxisDirection.POSITIVE, axis)
-				.getNormal();
-		int flipX = axisVec.getX() - 1;
-		int flipY = axisVec.getY() - 1;
-		int flipZ = axisVec.getZ() - 1;
-
-		int maxX = this.maxX * flipX;
-		int maxY = this.maxY * flipY;
-		int maxZ = this.maxZ * flipZ;
-		this.maxX = this.minX * flipX;
-		this.maxY = this.minY * flipY;
-		this.maxZ = this.minZ * flipZ;
-		this.minX = maxX;
-		this.minY = maxY;
-		this.minZ = maxZ;
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Grow this bounding box to have power of 2 side length, scaling from the center.
-	 */
-	public void nextPowerOf2Centered() {
-		int sizeX = sizeX();
-		int sizeY = sizeY();
-		int sizeZ = sizeZ();
-
-		int newSizeX = RenderMath.nextPowerOf2(sizeX);
-		int newSizeY = RenderMath.nextPowerOf2(sizeY);
-		int newSizeZ = RenderMath.nextPowerOf2(sizeZ);
-
-		int diffX = newSizeX - sizeX;
-		int diffY = newSizeY - sizeY;
-		int diffZ = newSizeZ - sizeZ;
-
-		minX = minX - diffX / 2; // floor division for the minimums
-		minY = minY - diffY / 2;
-		minZ = minZ - diffZ / 2;
-		maxX = maxX + (diffX + 1) / 2; // ceiling divison for the maximums
-		maxY = maxY + (diffY + 1) / 2;
-		maxZ = maxZ + (diffZ + 1) / 2;
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Grow this bounding box to have power of 2 side lengths, scaling from the minimum coords.
-	 */
-	public void nextPowerOf2() {
-		int sizeX = RenderMath.nextPowerOf2(sizeX());
-		int sizeY = RenderMath.nextPowerOf2(sizeY());
-		int sizeZ = RenderMath.nextPowerOf2(sizeZ());
-
-		maxX = minX + sizeX;
-		maxY = minY + sizeY;
-		maxZ = minZ + sizeZ;
-	}
-
-	public void grow(int s) {
-		this.grow(s, s, s);
-	}
-
-	public void grow(int x, int y, int z) {
-		minX = minX - x;
-		minY = minY - y;
-		minZ = minZ - z;
-		maxX = maxX + x;
-		maxY = maxY + y;
-		maxZ = maxZ + z;
-	}
-
-	public void intersectAssign(ImmutableBox other) {
-		minX = Math.max(this.minX, other.getMinX());
-		minY = Math.max(this.minY, other.getMinY());
-		minZ = Math.max(this.minZ, other.getMinZ());
-		maxX = Math.min(this.maxX, other.getMaxX());
-		maxY = Math.min(this.maxY, other.getMaxY());
-		maxZ = Math.min(this.maxZ, other.getMaxZ());
-	}
-
-	public void unionAssign(ImmutableBox other) {
-		minX = Math.min(this.minX, other.getMinX());
-		minY = Math.min(this.minY, other.getMinY());
-		minZ = Math.min(this.minZ, other.getMinZ());
-		maxX = Math.max(this.maxX, other.getMaxX());
-		maxY = Math.max(this.maxY, other.getMaxY());
-		maxZ = Math.max(this.maxZ, other.getMaxZ());
-	}
-
-	public void unionAssign(AABB other) {
-		minX = Math.min(this.minX, (int) Math.floor(other.minX));
-		minY = Math.min(this.minY, (int) Math.floor(other.minY));
-		minZ = Math.min(this.minZ, (int) Math.floor(other.minZ));
-		maxX = Math.max(this.maxX, (int) Math.ceil(other.maxX));
-		maxY = Math.max(this.maxY, (int) Math.ceil(other.maxY));
-		maxZ = Math.max(this.maxZ, (int) Math.ceil(other.maxZ));
-	}
-
-	public void assign(AABB other) {
-		minX = (int) Math.floor(other.minX);
-		minY = (int) Math.floor(other.minY);
-		minZ = (int) Math.floor(other.minZ);
-		maxX = (int) Math.ceil(other.maxX);
-		maxY = (int) Math.ceil(other.maxY);
-		maxZ = (int) Math.ceil(other.maxZ);
-	}
-
-	public void assign(ImmutableBox other) {
-		minX = other.getMinX();
-		minY = other.getMinY();
-		minZ = other.getMinZ();
-		maxX = other.getMaxX();
-		maxY = other.getMaxY();
-		maxZ = other.getMaxZ();
-	}
-
-	@Override
-	public boolean equals(Object o) {
-		if (this == o) return true;
-		if (o == null || getClass() != o.getClass()) return false;
-
-		ImmutableBox that = (ImmutableBox) o;
-
-		return this.sameAs(that);
-	}
-
-	@Override
-	public int hashCode() {
-		int result = getMinX();
-		result = 31 * result + getMinY();
-		result = 31 * result + getMinZ();
-		result = 31 * result + getMaxX();
-		result = 31 * result + getMaxY();
-		result = 31 * result + getMaxZ();
-		return result;
-	}
-
 	@Override
 	public int getMinX() {
 		return minX;
@@ -276,14 +107,12 @@ public class MutableBox implements ImmutableBox {
 		return maxZ;
 	}
 
-	public MutableBox setMinX(int minX) {
+	public void setMinX(int minX) {
 		this.minX = minX;
-		return this;
 	}
 
-	public MutableBox setMinY(int minY) {
+	public void setMinY(int minY) {
 		this.minY = minY;
-		return this;
 	}
 
 	public MutableBox setMinZ(int minZ) {
@@ -291,142 +120,207 @@ public class MutableBox implements ImmutableBox {
 		return this;
 	}
 
-	public MutableBox setMaxX(int maxX) {
+	public void setMaxX(int maxX) {
 		this.maxX = maxX;
-		return this;
 	}
 
-	public MutableBox setMaxY(int maxY) {
+	public void setMaxY(int maxY) {
 		this.maxY = maxY;
-		return this;
 	}
 
-	public MutableBox setMaxZ(int maxZ) {
+	public void setMaxZ(int maxZ) {
 		this.maxZ = maxZ;
-		return this;
 	}
 
-	public MutableBox assign(BlockPos start, BlockPos end) {
+	public void setMin(int x, int y, int z) {
+		minX = x;
+		minY = y;
+		minZ = z;
+	}
+
+	public void setMax(int x, int y, int z) {
+		maxX = x;
+		maxY = y;
+		maxZ = z;
+	}
+
+	public void setMin(Vec3i v) {
+		setMin(v.getX(), v.getY(), v.getZ());
+	}
+
+	public void setMax(Vec3i v) {
+		setMax(v.getX(), v.getY(), v.getZ());
+	}
+
+	public void assign(Box other) {
+		minX = other.getMinX();
+		minY = other.getMinY();
+		minZ = other.getMinZ();
+		maxX = other.getMaxX();
+		maxY = other.getMaxY();
+		maxZ = other.getMaxZ();
+	}
+
+	public void assign(AABB other) {
+		minX = (int) Math.floor(other.minX);
+		minY = (int) Math.floor(other.minY);
+		minZ = (int) Math.floor(other.minZ);
+		maxX = (int) Math.ceil(other.maxX);
+		maxY = (int) Math.ceil(other.maxY);
+		maxZ = (int) Math.ceil(other.maxZ);
+	}
+
+	public void assign(Vec3i start, Vec3i end) {
 		minX = start.getX();
 		minY = start.getY();
 		minZ = start.getZ();
 		maxX = end.getX() + 1;
 		maxY = end.getY() + 1;
 		maxZ = end.getZ() + 1;
-		return this;
 	}
 
-	public MutableBox setMax(Vec3i v) {
-		return setMax(v.getX(), v.getY(), v.getZ());
+	public void unionAssign(Box other) {
+		minX = Math.min(this.minX, other.getMinX());
+		minY = Math.min(this.minY, other.getMinY());
+		minZ = Math.min(this.minZ, other.getMinZ());
+		maxX = Math.max(this.maxX, other.getMaxX());
+		maxY = Math.max(this.maxY, other.getMaxY());
+		maxZ = Math.max(this.maxZ, other.getMaxZ());
 	}
 
-	public MutableBox setMin(Vec3i v) {
-		return setMin(v.getX(), v.getY(), v.getZ());
+	public void unionAssign(AABB other) {
+		minX = Math.min(this.minX, (int) Math.floor(other.minX));
+		minY = Math.min(this.minY, (int) Math.floor(other.minY));
+		minZ = Math.min(this.minZ, (int) Math.floor(other.minZ));
+		maxX = Math.max(this.maxX, (int) Math.ceil(other.maxX));
+		maxY = Math.max(this.maxY, (int) Math.ceil(other.maxY));
+		maxZ = Math.max(this.maxZ, (int) Math.ceil(other.maxZ));
 	}
 
-	public MutableBox setMax(int x, int y, int z) {
-		maxX = x;
-		maxY = y;
-		maxZ = z;
-		return this;
+	public void intersectAssign(Box other) {
+		minX = Math.max(this.minX, other.getMinX());
+		minY = Math.max(this.minY, other.getMinY());
+		minZ = Math.max(this.minZ, other.getMinZ());
+		maxX = Math.min(this.maxX, other.getMaxX());
+		maxY = Math.min(this.maxY, other.getMaxY());
+		maxZ = Math.min(this.maxZ, other.getMaxZ());
 	}
 
-	public MutableBox setMin(int x, int y, int z) {
-		minX = x;
-		minY = y;
-		minZ = z;
-		return this;
+    public void fixMinMax() {
+		int minX = Math.min(this.minX, this.maxX);
+		int minY = Math.min(this.minY, this.maxY);
+		int minZ = Math.min(this.minZ, this.maxZ);
+		int maxX = Math.max(this.minX, this.maxX);
+		int maxY = Math.max(this.minY, this.maxY);
+		int maxZ = Math.max(this.minZ, this.maxZ);
+
+		this.minX = minX;
+		this.minY = minY;
+		this.minZ = minZ;
+		this.maxX = maxX;
+		this.maxY = maxY;
+		this.maxZ = maxZ;
+	}
+
+	public void translate(int x, int y, int z) {
+		minX = minX + x;
+		maxX = maxX + x;
+		minY = minY + y;
+		maxY = maxY + y;
+		minZ = minZ + z;
+		maxZ = maxZ + z;
+	}
+
+	public void translate(Vec3i by) {
+		translate(by.getX(), by.getY(), by.getZ());
+	}
+
+	public void grow(int x, int y, int z) {
+		minX = minX - x;
+		minY = minY - y;
+		minZ = minZ - z;
+		maxX = maxX + x;
+		maxY = maxY + y;
+		maxZ = maxZ + z;
+	}
+
+	public void grow(int s) {
+		this.grow(s, s, s);
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Grow this box to have power of 2 side lengths, scaling from the minimum coords.
+	 */
+	public void nextPowerOf2() {
+		int sizeX = RenderMath.nextPowerOf2(sizeX());
+		int sizeY = RenderMath.nextPowerOf2(sizeY());
+		int sizeZ = RenderMath.nextPowerOf2(sizeZ());
+
+		maxX = minX + sizeX;
+		maxY = minY + sizeY;
+		maxZ = minZ + sizeZ;
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Grow this box to have power of 2 side length, scaling from the center.
+	 */
+	public void nextPowerOf2Centered() {
+		int sizeX = sizeX();
+		int sizeY = sizeY();
+		int sizeZ = sizeZ();
+
+		int newSizeX = RenderMath.nextPowerOf2(sizeX);
+		int newSizeY = RenderMath.nextPowerOf2(sizeY);
+		int newSizeZ = RenderMath.nextPowerOf2(sizeZ);
+
+		int diffX = newSizeX - sizeX;
+		int diffY = newSizeY - sizeY;
+		int diffZ = newSizeZ - sizeZ;
+
+		minX = minX - diffX / 2; // floor division for the minimums
+		minY = minY - diffY / 2;
+		minZ = minZ - diffZ / 2;
+		maxX = maxX + (diffX + 1) / 2; // ceiling divison for the maximums
+		maxY = maxY + (diffY + 1) / 2;
+		maxZ = maxZ + (diffZ + 1) / 2;
+	}
+
+	public void mirrorAbout(Direction.Axis axis) {
+		Vec3i axisVec = Direction.get(Direction.AxisDirection.POSITIVE, axis)
+				.getNormal();
+		int flipX = axisVec.getX() - 1;
+		int flipY = axisVec.getY() - 1;
+		int flipZ = axisVec.getZ() - 1;
+
+		int maxX = this.maxX * flipX;
+		int maxY = this.maxY * flipY;
+		int maxZ = this.maxZ * flipZ;
+		this.maxX = this.minX * flipX;
+		this.maxY = this.minY * flipY;
+		this.maxZ = this.minZ * flipZ;
+		this.minX = maxX;
+		this.minY = maxY;
+		this.minZ = maxZ;
 	}
 
 	@Override
-	public int sizeX() {
-		return maxX - minX;
+	public boolean equals(Object o) {
+		if (this == o) return true;
+		if (o == null) return false;
+		if (!(o instanceof Box that)) return false;
+
+		return this.sameAs(that);
 	}
 
 	@Override
-	public int sizeY() {
-		return maxY - minY;
-	}
-
-	@Override
-	public int sizeZ() {
-		return maxZ - minZ;
-	}
-
-	@Override
-	public boolean empty() {
-		// if any dimension has side length 0 this box contains no volume
-		return minX == maxX || minY == maxY || minZ == maxZ;
-	}
-
-	@Override
-	public boolean sameAs(ImmutableBox other) {
-		return minX == other.getMinX() && minY == other.getMinY() && minZ == other.getMinZ() && maxX == other.getMaxX() && maxY == other.getMaxY() && maxZ == other.getMaxZ();
-	}
-
-	@Override
-	public boolean sameAs(AABB other) {
-		return minX == Math.floor(other.minX)
-				&& minY == Math.floor(other.minY)
-				&& minZ == Math.floor(other.minZ)
-				&& maxX == Math.ceil(other.maxX)
-				&& maxY == Math.ceil(other.maxY)
-				&& maxZ == Math.ceil(other.maxZ);
-	}
-
-	@Override
-	public MutableBox intersect(ImmutableBox other) {
-		int minX = Math.max(this.minX, other.getMinX());
-		int minY = Math.max(this.minY, other.getMinY());
-		int minZ = Math.max(this.minZ, other.getMinZ());
-		int maxX = Math.min(this.maxX, other.getMaxX());
-		int maxY = Math.min(this.maxY, other.getMaxY());
-		int maxZ = Math.min(this.maxZ, other.getMaxZ());
-		return new MutableBox(minX, minY, minZ, maxX, maxY, maxZ);
-	}
-
-	@Override
-	public ImmutableBox union(ImmutableBox other) {
-		int minX = Math.min(this.minX, other.getMinX());
-		int minY = Math.min(this.minY, other.getMinY());
-		int minZ = Math.min(this.minZ, other.getMinZ());
-		int maxX = Math.max(this.maxX, other.getMaxX());
-		int maxY = Math.max(this.maxY, other.getMaxY());
-		int maxZ = Math.max(this.maxZ, other.getMaxZ());
-		return new MutableBox(minX, minY, minZ, maxX, maxY, maxZ);
-	}
-
-	@Override
-	public boolean contains(ImmutableBox other) {
-		return other.getMinX() >= this.minX && other.getMaxX() <= this.maxX && other.getMinY() >= this.minY && other.getMaxY() <= this.maxY && other.getMinZ() >= this.minZ && other.getMaxZ() <= this.maxZ;
-	}
-
-	@Override
-	public boolean intersects(int minX, int minY, int minZ, int maxX, int maxY, int maxZ) {
-		return this.minX < maxX && this.maxX > minX && this.minY < maxY && this.maxY > minY && this.minZ < maxZ && this.maxZ > minZ;
-	}
-
-	@Override
-	public void forEachContained(CoordinateConsumer func) {
-		if (empty()) return;
-
-		for (int x = minX; x < maxX; x++) {
-			for (int y = minY; y < maxY; y++) {
-				for (int z = minZ; z < maxZ; z++) {
-					func.consume(x, y, z);
-				}
-			}
-		}
-	}
-
-	@Override
-	public AABB toAABB() {
-		return new AABB(minX, minY, minZ, maxX, maxY, maxZ);
-	}
-
-	@Override
-	public MutableBox copy() {
-		return new MutableBox(minX, minY, minZ, maxX, maxY, maxZ);
+	public int hashCode() {
+		int result = minX;
+		result = 31 * result + minY;
+		result = 31 * result + minZ;
+		result = 31 * result + maxX;
+		result = 31 * result + maxY;
+		result = 31 * result + maxZ;
+		return result;
 	}
 
 	@Override

src/main/java/com/jozufozu/flywheel/lib/context/Contexts.java

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ import org.jetbrains.annotations.ApiStatus;
 
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.Flywheel;
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.api.context.Context;
-import com.jozufozu.flywheel.util.ResourceUtil;
+import com.jozufozu.flywheel.lib.util.ResourceUtil;
 
 import net.minecraft.resources.ResourceLocation;
 
@@ -12,6 +12,9 @@ public final class Contexts {
 	public static final SimpleContext WORLD = Context.REGISTRY.registerAndGet(new SimpleContext(Files.WORLD_VERTEX, Files.WORLD_FRAGMENT));
 	public static final SimpleContext CRUMBLING = Context.REGISTRY.registerAndGet(new SimpleContext(Files.WORLD_VERTEX, Files.CRUMBLING_FRAGMENT));
 
+	private Contexts() {
+	}
+
 	@ApiStatus.Internal
 	public static void init() {
 	}

src/main/java/com/jozufozu/flywheel/lib/instance/InstanceTypes.java

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ import org.jetbrains.annotations.ApiStatus;
 
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.Flywheel;
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.api.instance.InstanceType;
-import com.jozufozu.flywheel.util.ResourceUtil;
+import com.jozufozu.flywheel.lib.util.ResourceUtil;
 
 import net.minecraft.resources.ResourceLocation;
 
@@ -12,6 +12,9 @@ public final class InstanceTypes {
 	public static final InstanceType<TransformedInstance> TRANSFORMED = InstanceType.REGISTRY.registerAndGet(new TransformedType());
 	public static final InstanceType<OrientedInstance> ORIENTED = InstanceType.REGISTRY.registerAndGet(new OrientedType());
 
+	private InstanceTypes() {
+	}
+
 	@ApiStatus.Internal
 	public static void init() {
 	}

src/main/java/com/jozufozu/flywheel/lib/instance/TransformedInstance.java

@@ -11,12 +11,17 @@ import com.mojang.math.Quaternion;
 import net.minecraft.util.Mth;
 
 public class TransformedInstance extends ColoredLitInstance implements Transform<TransformedInstance> {
-	private static final Matrix4f EMPTY_MATRIX_4f = new Matrix4f();
-	private static final Matrix3f EMPTY_MATRIX_3f = new Matrix3f();
+	private static final Matrix4f ZERO_MATRIX_4f = new Matrix4f();
+	private static final Matrix3f ZERO_MATRIX_3f = new Matrix3f();
 
 	public final Matrix4f model = new Matrix4f();
 	public final Matrix3f normal = new Matrix3f();
 
+	{
+		model.setIdentity();
+		normal.setIdentity();
+	}
+
 	public TransformedInstance(InstanceType<? extends TransformedInstance> type, InstanceHandle handle) {
 		super(type, handle);
 	}
@@ -41,16 +46,16 @@ public class TransformedInstance extends ColoredLitInstance implements Transform
 	public TransformedInstance setEmptyTransform() {
 		setChanged();
 
-		this.model.load(EMPTY_MATRIX_4f);
-		this.normal.load(EMPTY_MATRIX_3f);
+		model.load(ZERO_MATRIX_4f);
+		normal.load(ZERO_MATRIX_3f);
 		return this;
 	}
 
 	public TransformedInstance loadIdentity() {
 		setChanged();
 
-		this.model.setIdentity();
-		this.normal.setIdentity();
+		model.setIdentity();
+		normal.setIdentity();
 		return this;
 	}
 
@@ -95,13 +100,17 @@ public class TransformedInstance extends ColoredLitInstance implements Transform
 
 	@Override
 	public TransformedInstance mulPose(Matrix4f pose) {
-		this.model.multiply(pose);
+		setChanged();
+
+		model.multiply(pose);
 		return this;
 	}
 
 	@Override
 	public TransformedInstance mulNormal(Matrix3f normal) {
-		this.normal.mul(normal);
+		setChanged();
+
+		normal.mul(normal);
 		return this;
 	}
 

src/main/java/com/jozufozu/flywheel/lib/layout/CommonItems.java

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ import com.jozufozu.flywheel.gl.array.VertexAttribute;
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.glsl.generate.FnSignature;
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.glsl.generate.GlslExpr;
 
-public class CommonItems {
+public final class CommonItems {
 	private static final String VEC2_TYPE = "vec2";
 	private static final String VEC3_TYPE = "vec3";
 	private static final String VEC4_TYPE = "vec4";
@@ -128,4 +128,7 @@ public class CommonItems {
 
 	public static final MatInput MAT3 = new MatInput(3, 3, "mat3", "Mat3F", "unpackMat3F");
 	public static final MatInput MAT4 = new MatInput(4, 4, "mat4", "Mat4F", "unpackMat4F");
+
+	private CommonItems() {
+	}
 }

src/main/java/com/jozufozu/flywheel/lib/light/DummyLightUpdater.java

@@ -2,16 +2,15 @@ package com.jozufozu.flywheel.lib.light;
 
 import java.util.stream.Stream;
 
-import com.jozufozu.flywheel.lib.box.ImmutableBox;
+import com.jozufozu.flywheel.lib.box.Box;
 
 import net.minecraft.core.SectionPos;
 import net.minecraft.world.level.LightLayer;
 
-public class DummyLightUpdater extends LightUpdater {
+public final class DummyLightUpdater extends LightUpdater {
 	public static final DummyLightUpdater INSTANCE = new DummyLightUpdater();
 
 	private DummyLightUpdater() {
-		super(null);
 	}
 
 	@Override
@@ -35,7 +34,7 @@ public class DummyLightUpdater extends LightUpdater {
 	}
 
 	@Override
-	public Stream<ImmutableBox> getAllBoxes() {
+	public Stream<Box> getAllBoxes() {
 		return Stream.empty();
 	}
 

src/main/java/com/jozufozu/flywheel/lib/light/GPULightVolume.java

@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ import org.lwjgl.opengl.GL30;
 
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.gl.GlTexture;
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.gl.GlTextureUnit;
-import com.jozufozu.flywheel.lib.box.ImmutableBox;
+import com.jozufozu.flywheel.lib.box.Box;
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.lib.box.MutableBox;
 
 import net.minecraft.world.level.BlockAndTintGetter;
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ public class GPULightVolume extends LightVolume {
 	private final GlTextureUnit textureUnit = GlTextureUnit.T4;
 	protected boolean bufferDirty;
 
-	public GPULightVolume(BlockAndTintGetter level, ImmutableBox sampleVolume) {
+	public GPULightVolume(BlockAndTintGetter level, Box sampleVolume) {
 		super(level, sampleVolume);
 		this.sampleVolume.assign(sampleVolume);
 
@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ public class GPULightVolume extends LightVolume {
 	}
 
 	@Override
-	protected void setBox(ImmutableBox box) {
+	protected void setBox(Box box) {
 		this.box.assign(box);
 		this.box.nextPowerOf2Centered();
 		// called during super ctor
@@ -110,7 +110,7 @@ public class GPULightVolume extends LightVolume {
 		glTexture.delete();
 	}
 
-	public void move(ImmutableBox newSampleVolume) {
+	public void move(Box newSampleVolume) {
 		if (lightData == null) return;
 
 		if (box.contains(newSampleVolume)) {
@@ -122,7 +122,7 @@ public class GPULightVolume extends LightVolume {
 	}
 
 	@Override
-	public ImmutableBox getVolume() {
+	public Box getVolume() {
 		return sampleVolume;
 	}
 

src/main/java/com/jozufozu/flywheel/lib/light/LightListener.java

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 package com.jozufozu.flywheel.lib.light;
 
-import com.jozufozu.flywheel.lib.box.ImmutableBox;
+import com.jozufozu.flywheel.lib.box.Box;
 
 import net.minecraft.core.SectionPos;
 import net.minecraft.world.level.LightLayer;
@@ -12,8 +12,7 @@ import net.minecraft.world.level.LightLayer;
  * It is the responsibility of the implementor to keep a reference to the level an object is contained in.
  */
 public interface LightListener {
-
-	ImmutableBox getVolume();
+	Box getVolume();
 
 	/**
 	 * Check the status of the light listener.
@@ -23,7 +22,7 @@ public interface LightListener {
 	boolean isInvalid();
 
 	/**
-	 * Called when a light updates in a chunk the implementor cares about.
+	 * Called when light updates in a section the implementor cares about.
 	 */
 	void onLightUpdate(LightLayer type, SectionPos pos);
 }

src/main/java/com/jozufozu/flywheel/lib/light/LightUpdated.java

@@ -1,32 +0,0 @@
-package com.jozufozu.flywheel.lib.light;
-
-import net.minecraft.client.Minecraft;
-import net.minecraft.world.level.LevelAccessor;
-
-/**
- * Marker interface for custom/fake levels to indicate that LightUpdater should bother interacting with it.<p>
- *
- * Implement this if your custom level has light updates at all. If so, be sure to call
- * {@link com.jozufozu.flywheel.util.WorldAttached#invalidateWorld} when your level in unloaded.
- */
-public interface LightUpdated extends LevelAccessor {
-
-	/**
-	 * @return {@code true} if this level is passing light updates into LightUpdater.
-	 */
-	default boolean receivesLightUpdates() {
-		return true;
-	}
-
-	static boolean receivesLightUpdates(LevelAccessor level) {
-		// The client level is guaranteed to receive updates.
-		if (Minecraft.getInstance().level == level) {
-			return true;
-		}
-		// Custom/fake levels need to indicate that LightUpdater has meaning.
-		if (level instanceof LightUpdated c) {
-			return c.receivesLightUpdates();
-		}
-		return false;
-	}
-}

src/main/java/com/jozufozu/flywheel/lib/light/LightUpdatedLevel.java

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+package com.jozufozu.flywheel.lib.light;
+
+import net.minecraft.world.level.LevelAccessor;
+
+/**
+ * Marker interface for custom/fake levels to indicate that LightUpdater should interact with it.<p>
+ *
+ * Implement this if your custom level has light updates at all. If so, be sure to call
+ * {@link com.jozufozu.flywheel.lib.util.LevelAttached#invalidateLevel} when your level is unloaded.
+ */
+public interface LightUpdatedLevel extends LevelAccessor {
+	/**
+	 * @return {@code true} if this level is passing light updates into LightUpdater.
+	 */
+	default boolean receivesLightUpdates() {
+		return true;
+	}
+}

src/main/java/com/jozufozu/flywheel/lib/light/LightUpdater.java

@@ -5,107 +5,71 @@ import java.util.Set;
 import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentLinkedQueue;
 import java.util.stream.Stream;
 
-import com.jozufozu.flywheel.lib.box.ImmutableBox;
-import com.jozufozu.flywheel.util.FlwUtil;
-import com.jozufozu.flywheel.util.WorldAttached;
+import org.jetbrains.annotations.ApiStatus;
+
+import com.jozufozu.flywheel.lib.box.Box;
+import com.jozufozu.flywheel.lib.util.FlwUtil;
+import com.jozufozu.flywheel.lib.util.LevelAttached;
 
 import it.unimi.dsi.fastutil.longs.LongSet;
+import net.minecraft.client.Minecraft;
 import net.minecraft.core.SectionPos;
 import net.minecraft.world.level.LevelAccessor;
 import net.minecraft.world.level.LightLayer;
+import net.minecraftforge.event.TickEvent;
 
 /**
  * Keeps track of what chunks/sections each listener is in, so we can update exactly what needs to be updated.
  *
  * @apiNote Custom/fake levels (that are {@code != Minecraft.getInstance.level}) need to implement
- *          {@link LightUpdated} for LightUpdater to work with them.
+ *          {@link LightUpdatedLevel} for LightUpdater to work with them.
  */
 public class LightUpdater {
-	private static final WorldAttached<LightUpdater> LEVELS = new WorldAttached<>(LightUpdater::new);
-
-	private final LevelAccessor level;
+	private static final LevelAttached<LightUpdater> UPDATERS = new LevelAttached<>(level -> new LightUpdater());
 
 	private final WeakContainmentMultiMap<LightListener> listenersBySection = new WeakContainmentMultiMap<>();
 	private final Set<TickingLightListener> tickingListeners = FlwUtil.createWeakHashSet();
 
-	private final Queue<LightListener> queue = new ConcurrentLinkedQueue<>();
+	private final Queue<LightListener> additionQueue = new ConcurrentLinkedQueue<>();
+
+	public static boolean supports(LevelAccessor level) {
+		// The client level is guaranteed to receive updates.
+		if (Minecraft.getInstance().level == level) {
+			return true;
+		}
+		// Custom/fake levels need to indicate that LightUpdater has meaning.
+		if (level instanceof LightUpdatedLevel c) {
+			return c.receivesLightUpdates();
+		}
+		return false;
+	}
 
 	public static LightUpdater get(LevelAccessor level) {
-		if (LightUpdated.receivesLightUpdates(level)) {
-			// The level is valid, add it to the map.
-			return LEVELS.get(level);
+		if (supports(level)) {
+			// The level is valid, so add it to the map.
+			return UPDATERS.get(level);
 		} else {
 			// Fake light updater for a fake level.
 			return DummyLightUpdater.INSTANCE;
 		}
 	}
 
-	public LightUpdater(LevelAccessor level) {
-		this.level = level;
-	}
-
-	public void tick() {
-		processQueue();
-		tickSerial();
-	}
-
-	private void tickSerial() {
-		for (TickingLightListener tickingLightListener : tickingListeners) {
-			if (tickingLightListener.tickLightListener()) {
-				addListener(tickingLightListener);
-			}
-		}
-	}
-
 	/**
 	 * Add a listener.
 	 *
 	 * @param listener The object that wants to receive light update notifications.
 	 */
 	public void addListener(LightListener listener) {
-		queue.add(listener);
-	}
-
-	private synchronized void processQueue() {
-		LightListener listener;
-		while ((listener = queue.poll()) != null) {
-			doAdd(listener);
-		}
-	}
-
-	private void doAdd(LightListener listener) {
-		if (listener instanceof TickingLightListener) {
-			tickingListeners.add(((TickingLightListener) listener));
-		}
-
-		ImmutableBox box = listener.getVolume();
-
-		LongSet sections = this.listenersBySection.getAndResetContainment(listener);
-
-		int minX = SectionPos.blockToSectionCoord(box.getMinX());
-		int minY = SectionPos.blockToSectionCoord(box.getMinY());
-		int minZ = SectionPos.blockToSectionCoord(box.getMinZ());
-		int maxX = SectionPos.blockToSectionCoord(box.getMaxX());
-		int maxY = SectionPos.blockToSectionCoord(box.getMaxY());
-		int maxZ = SectionPos.blockToSectionCoord(box.getMaxZ());
-
-		for (int x = minX; x <= maxX; x++) {
-			for (int y = minY; y <= maxY; y++) {
-				for (int z = minZ; z <= maxZ; z++) {
-					long sectionPos = SectionPos.asLong(x, y, z);
-					this.listenersBySection.put(sectionPos, listener);
-					sections.add(sectionPos);
-				}
-			}
-		}
+		additionQueue.add(listener);
 	}
 
 	public void removeListener(LightListener listener) {
-		this.listenersBySection.remove(listener);
+		listenersBySection.remove(listener);
 	}
 
 	/**
 	 * Dispatch light updates to all registered {@link LightListener}s.
+	 *
 	 * @param type The type of light that changed.
 	 * @param pos  The section position where light changed.
 	 */
@@ -125,11 +89,63 @@ public class LightUpdater {
 		}
 	}
 
-	public Stream<ImmutableBox> getAllBoxes() {
+	public Stream<Box> getAllBoxes() {
 		return listenersBySection.stream().map(LightListener::getVolume);
 	}
 
 	public boolean isEmpty() {
 		return listenersBySection.isEmpty();
 	}
+
+	@ApiStatus.Internal
+	public static void onClientTick(TickEvent.ClientTickEvent event) {
+		if (event.phase == TickEvent.Phase.END && FlwUtil.isGameActive()) {
+			get(Minecraft.getInstance().level)
+					.tick();
+		}
+	}
+
+	void tick() {
+		processQueue();
+
+		for (TickingLightListener tickingListener : tickingListeners) {
+			if (tickingListener.tickLightListener()) {
+				addListener(tickingListener);
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	private synchronized void processQueue() {
+		LightListener listener;
+		while ((listener = additionQueue.poll()) != null) {
+			doAdd(listener);
+		}
+	}
+
+	private void doAdd(LightListener listener) {
+		if (listener instanceof TickingLightListener ticking) {
+			tickingListeners.add(ticking);
+		}
+
+		Box box = listener.getVolume();
+
+		LongSet sections = listenersBySection.getAndResetContainment(listener);
+
+		int minX = SectionPos.blockToSectionCoord(box.getMinX());
+		int minY = SectionPos.blockToSectionCoord(box.getMinY());
+		int minZ = SectionPos.blockToSectionCoord(box.getMinZ());
+		int maxX = SectionPos.blockToSectionCoord(box.getMaxX());
+		int maxY = SectionPos.blockToSectionCoord(box.getMaxY());
+		int maxZ = SectionPos.blockToSectionCoord(box.getMaxZ());
+
+		for (int x = minX; x <= maxX; x++) {
+			for (int y = minY; y <= maxY; y++) {
+				for (int z = minZ; z <= maxZ; z++) {
+					long sectionPos = SectionPos.asLong(x, y, z);
+					listenersBySection.put(sectionPos, listener);
+					sections.add(sectionPos);
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
 }

src/main/java/com/jozufozu/flywheel/lib/light/LightVolume.java

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ package com.jozufozu.flywheel.lib.light;
 
 import org.lwjgl.system.MemoryUtil;
 
-import com.jozufozu.flywheel.lib.box.ImmutableBox;
+import com.jozufozu.flywheel.lib.box.Box;
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.lib.box.MutableBox;
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.lib.memory.MemoryBlock;
 
@@ -11,13 +11,13 @@ import net.minecraft.core.SectionPos;
 import net.minecraft.world.level.BlockAndTintGetter;
 import net.minecraft.world.level.LightLayer;
 
-public class LightVolume implements ImmutableBox, LightListener {
+public class LightVolume implements Box, LightListener {
 
 	protected final BlockAndTintGetter level;
 	protected final MutableBox box = new MutableBox();
 	protected MemoryBlock lightData;
 
-	public LightVolume(BlockAndTintGetter level, ImmutableBox sampleVolume) {
+	public LightVolume(BlockAndTintGetter level, Box sampleVolume) {
 		this.level = level;
 		this.setBox(sampleVolume);
 
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ public class LightVolume implements ImmutableBox, LightListener {
 	}
 
 	@Override
-	public ImmutableBox getVolume() {
+	public Box getVolume() {
 		return box;
 	}
 
@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ public class LightVolume implements ImmutableBox, LightListener {
 		return lightData == null;
 	}
 
-	protected void setBox(ImmutableBox box) {
+	protected void setBox(Box box) {
 		this.box.assign(box);
 	}
 
@@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ public class LightVolume implements ImmutableBox, LightListener {
 		}
 	}
 
-	public void move(ImmutableBox newSampleVolume) {
+	public void move(Box newSampleVolume) {
 		if (lightData == null) return;
 
 		setBox(newSampleVolume);
@@ -112,7 +112,7 @@ public class LightVolume implements ImmutableBox, LightListener {
 	 *
 	 * @param worldVolume the region in the world to copy data from.
 	 */
-	public void copyLight(ImmutableBox worldVolume) {
+	public void copyLight(Box worldVolume) {
 		BlockPos.MutableBlockPos pos = new BlockPos.MutableBlockPos();
 
 		int xShift = box.getMinX();
@@ -143,7 +143,7 @@ public class LightVolume implements ImmutableBox, LightListener {
 	 *
 	 * @param worldVolume the region in the world to copy data from.
 	 */
-	public void copyBlock(ImmutableBox worldVolume) {
+	public void copyBlock(Box worldVolume) {
 		var pos = new BlockPos.MutableBlockPos();
 
 		int xShift = box.getMinX();
@@ -168,7 +168,7 @@ public class LightVolume implements ImmutableBox, LightListener {
 	 *
 	 * @param worldVolume the region in the world to copy data from.
 	 */
-	public void copySky(ImmutableBox worldVolume) {
+	public void copySky(Box worldVolume) {
 		var pos = new BlockPos.MutableBlockPos();
 
 		int xShift = box.getMinX();

src/main/java/com/jozufozu/flywheel/lib/light/WeakContainmentMultiMap.java

@@ -6,15 +6,14 @@ import java.util.Set;
 import java.util.WeakHashMap;
 import java.util.function.LongConsumer;
 
-import com.jozufozu.flywheel.util.FlwUtil;
+import com.jozufozu.flywheel.lib.util.FlwUtil;
 
 import it.unimi.dsi.fastutil.longs.Long2ObjectMap;
 import it.unimi.dsi.fastutil.longs.Long2ObjectOpenHashMap;
 import it.unimi.dsi.fastutil.longs.LongRBTreeSet;
 import it.unimi.dsi.fastutil.longs.LongSet;
 
-public class WeakContainmentMultiMap<T> extends AbstractCollection<T> {
-
+class WeakContainmentMultiMap<T> extends AbstractCollection<T> {
 	private final Long2ObjectMap<Set<T>> forward;
 	private final WeakHashMap<T, LongSet> reverse;
 

src/main/java/com/jozufozu/flywheel/lib/material/Materials.java

@@ -8,8 +8,8 @@ import com.jozufozu.flywheel.api.material.MaterialVertexTransformer;
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.gl.GlTextureUnit;
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.lib.material.SimpleMaterial.GlStateShard;
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.lib.math.DiffuseLightCalculator;
+import com.jozufozu.flywheel.lib.util.ResourceUtil;
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.lib.util.ShadersModHandler;
-import com.jozufozu.flywheel.util.ResourceUtil;
 import com.mojang.blaze3d.platform.GlStateManager;
 import com.mojang.blaze3d.systems.RenderSystem;
 
@@ -134,6 +134,9 @@ public final class Materials {
 			.batchingRenderType(RenderType.entitySolid(MINECART_LOCATION))
 			.register();
 
+	private Materials() {
+	}
+
 	@ApiStatus.Internal
 	public static void init() {
 	}

src/main/java/com/jozufozu/flywheel/lib/material/SimpleMaterial.java

@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ public class SimpleMaterial implements Material {
 	}
 
 	@Override
-	public RenderType getBatchingRenderType() {
+	public RenderType getFallbackRenderType() {
 		return batchingRenderType;
 	}
 

src/main/java/com/jozufozu/flywheel/lib/math/RenderMath.java

@@ -36,19 +36,6 @@ public final class RenderMath {
 		return (h == a) ? h : (h << 1);
 	}
 
-	public static boolean isPowerOf2(int n) {
-		int b = n & (n - 1);
-		return b == 0 && n != 0;
-	}
-
-	public static double lengthSqr(double x, double y, double z) {
-		return x * x + y * y + z * z;
-	}
-
-	public static double length(double x, double y, double z) {
-		return Math.sqrt(lengthSqr(x, y, z));
-	}
-
 	public static float diffuseLight(float x, float y, float z, boolean shaded) {
 		if (!shaded) {
 			return 1f;

src/main/java/com/jozufozu/flywheel/lib/memory/DebugMemoryBlockImpl.java

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ package com.jozufozu.flywheel.lib.memory;
 import java.lang.ref.Cleaner;
 
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.Flywheel;
-import com.jozufozu.flywheel.util.StringUtil;
+import com.jozufozu.flywheel.lib.util.StringUtil;
 
 class DebugMemoryBlockImpl extends MemoryBlockImpl {
 	final CleaningAction cleaningAction;

src/main/java/com/jozufozu/flywheel/lib/memory/FlwMemoryTracker.java

@@ -1,20 +1,23 @@
 package com.jozufozu.flywheel.lib.memory;
 
 import java.lang.ref.Cleaner;
-import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
 
 import org.lwjgl.system.MemoryUtil;
 
-import com.jozufozu.flywheel.util.StringUtil;
+import com.jozufozu.flywheel.lib.util.StringUtil;
 
 public final class FlwMemoryTracker {
 	public static final boolean DEBUG_MEMORY_SAFETY = System.getProperty("flw.debugMemorySafety") != null;
 
 	static final Cleaner CLEANER = Cleaner.create();
 
+	// TODO: Should these be volatile?
 	private static long cpuMemory = 0;
 	private static long gpuMemory = 0;
 
+	private FlwMemoryTracker() {
+	}
+
 	public static long malloc(long size) {
 		long ptr = MemoryUtil.nmemAlloc(size);
 		if (ptr == MemoryUtil.NULL) {
@@ -23,18 +26,6 @@ public final class FlwMemoryTracker {
 		return ptr;
 	}
 
-	/**
-	 * @deprecated Use {@link MemoryBlock#malloc(long)} or {@link MemoryBlock#mallocTracked(long)} and
-	 * {@link MemoryBlock#asBuffer()} instead. This method should only be used if specifically a {@linkplain ByteBuffer} is needed and it is
-	 * short-lived.
-	 */
-	@Deprecated
-	public static ByteBuffer mallocBuffer(int size) {
-		ByteBuffer buffer = MemoryUtil.memByteBuffer(malloc(size), size);
-		_allocCPUMemory(buffer.capacity());
-		return buffer;
-	}
-
 	public static long calloc(long num, long size) {
 		long ptr = MemoryUtil.nmemCalloc(num, size);
 		if (ptr == MemoryUtil.NULL) {
@@ -43,18 +34,6 @@ public final class FlwMemoryTracker {
 		return ptr;
 	}
 
-	/**
-	 * @deprecated Use {@link MemoryBlock#calloc(long, long)} or {@link MemoryBlock#callocTracked(long, long)} and
-	 * {@link MemoryBlock#asBuffer()} instead. This method should only be used if specifically a {@linkplain ByteBuffer} is needed and it is
-	 * short-lived.
-	 */
-	@Deprecated
-	public static ByteBuffer callocBuffer(int num, int size) {
-		ByteBuffer buffer = MemoryUtil.memByteBuffer(calloc(num, size), num * size);
-		_allocCPUMemory(buffer.capacity());
-		return buffer;
-	}
-
 	public static long realloc(long ptr, long size) {
 		ptr = MemoryUtil.nmemRealloc(ptr, size);
 		if (ptr == MemoryUtil.NULL) {
@@ -63,32 +42,10 @@ public final class FlwMemoryTracker {
 		return ptr;
 	}
 
-	/**
-	 * @deprecated Use {@link MemoryBlock#realloc(long)} or {@link MemoryBlock#reallocTracked(long)} instead. This method
-	 * should only be used if specifically a {@linkplain ByteBuffer} is needed and it is short-lived.
-	 */
-	@Deprecated
-	public static ByteBuffer reallocBuffer(ByteBuffer buffer, int size) {
-		ByteBuffer newBuffer = MemoryUtil.memByteBuffer(realloc(MemoryUtil.memAddress(buffer), size), size);
-		_freeCPUMemory(buffer.capacity());
-		_allocCPUMemory(newBuffer.capacity());
-		return newBuffer;
-	}
-
 	public static void free(long ptr) {
 		MemoryUtil.nmemFree(ptr);
 	}
 
-	/**
-	 * @deprecated Use {@link MemoryBlock#free} instead. This method should only be used if specifically a {@linkplain ByteBuffer} is needed and
-	 * it is short-lived.
-	 */
-	@Deprecated
-	public static void freeBuffer(ByteBuffer buffer) {
-		free(MemoryUtil.memAddress(buffer));
-		_freeCPUMemory(buffer.capacity());
-	}
-
 	public static void _allocCPUMemory(long size) {
 		cpuMemory += size;
 	}

src/main/java/com/jozufozu/flywheel/lib/model/ModelUtil.java

@@ -37,6 +37,9 @@ public final class ModelUtil {
 	 */
 	public static final BlockRenderDispatcher VANILLA_RENDERER = createVanillaRenderer();
 
+	private ModelUtil() {
+	}
+
 	private static BlockRenderDispatcher createVanillaRenderer() {
 		BlockRenderDispatcher defaultDispatcher = Minecraft.getInstance().getBlockRenderer();
 		BlockRenderDispatcher dispatcher = new BlockRenderDispatcher(null, null, null);
@@ -53,6 +56,10 @@ public final class ModelUtil {
 		return dispatcher;
 	}
 
+	public static boolean isVanillaBufferEmpty(Pair<DrawState, ByteBuffer> pair) {
+		return pair.getFirst().vertexCount() == 0;
+	}
+
 	public static MemoryBlock convertVanillaBuffer(Pair<DrawState, ByteBuffer> pair, VertexType vertexType) {
 		DrawState drawState = pair.getFirst();
 		int vertexCount = drawState.vertexCount();
@@ -108,12 +115,12 @@ public final class ModelUtil {
 			}
 
 			@Override
-			public double coord(int i, int j) {
-				return switch (j) {
+			public double coord(int i, int dim) {
+				return switch (dim) {
 					case 0 -> vertexList.x(i);
 					case 1 -> vertexList.y(i);
 					case 2 -> vertexList.z(i);
-					default -> throw new IllegalArgumentException("Invalid dimension: " + j);
+					default -> throw new IllegalArgumentException("Invalid dimension: " + dim);
 				};
 			}
 		});

src/main/java/com/jozufozu/flywheel/lib/model/Models.java

@@ -4,12 +4,15 @@ import java.util.Collection;
 import java.util.Map;
 import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap;
 
+import org.jetbrains.annotations.ApiStatus;
+
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.api.event.ReloadRenderersEvent;
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.api.model.Model;
-import com.jozufozu.flywheel.lib.model.buffering.BakedModelBuilder;
-import com.jozufozu.flywheel.lib.model.buffering.BlockModelBuilder;
+import com.jozufozu.flywheel.lib.model.baked.BakedModelBuilder;
+import com.jozufozu.flywheel.lib.model.baked.BlockModelBuilder;
+import com.jozufozu.flywheel.lib.model.baked.PartialModel;
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.lib.transform.TransformStack;
-import com.jozufozu.flywheel.util.Pair;
+import com.jozufozu.flywheel.lib.util.Pair;
 import com.mojang.blaze3d.vertex.PoseStack;
 
 import net.minecraft.core.Direction;
@@ -20,6 +23,9 @@ public final class Models {
 	private static final Map<PartialModel, Model> PARTIAL = new ConcurrentHashMap<>();
 	private static final Map<Pair<PartialModel, Direction>, Model> PARTIAL_DIR = new ConcurrentHashMap<>();
 
+	private Models() {
+	}
+
 	public static Model block(BlockState state) {
 		return BLOCK_STATE.computeIfAbsent(state, it -> new BlockModelBuilder(it).build());
 	}
@@ -32,7 +38,7 @@ public final class Models {
 		return PARTIAL_DIR.computeIfAbsent(Pair.of(partial, dir), it -> new BakedModelBuilder(it.first().get()).poseStack(createRotation(it.second())).build());
 	}
 
-	public static PoseStack createRotation(Direction facing) {
+	private static PoseStack createRotation(Direction facing) {
 		PoseStack stack = new PoseStack();
 		TransformStack.cast(stack)
 				.centre()
@@ -41,6 +47,7 @@ public final class Models {
 		return stack;
 	}
 
+	@ApiStatus.Internal
 	public static void onReloadRenderers(ReloadRenderersEvent event) {
 		deleteAll(BLOCK_STATE.values());
 		deleteAll(PARTIAL.values());

src/main/java/com/jozufozu/flywheel/lib/model/SimpleLazyModel.java

@@ -1,41 +1,50 @@
 package com.jozufozu.flywheel.lib.model;
 
 import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.function.Supplier;
+
+import org.jetbrains.annotations.NotNull;
+import org.jetbrains.annotations.Nullable;
 
 import com.google.common.collect.ImmutableMap;
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.api.material.Material;
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.api.model.Mesh;
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.api.model.Model;
-import com.jozufozu.flywheel.util.Lazy;
-import com.jozufozu.flywheel.util.NonNullSupplier;
 
 public class SimpleLazyModel implements Model {
-	private final Lazy<Mesh> supplier;
+	private final Supplier<@NotNull Mesh> meshSupplier;
 	private final Material material;
 
-	public SimpleLazyModel(NonNullSupplier<Mesh> supplier, Material material) {
-		this.supplier = Lazy.of(supplier);
+	@Nullable
+	private Mesh mesh;
+	@Nullable
+	private Map<Material, Mesh> meshMap;
+
+	public SimpleLazyModel(Supplier<@NotNull Mesh> meshSupplier, Material material) {
+		this.meshSupplier = meshSupplier;
 		this.material = material;
 	}
 
 	@Override
 	public Map<Material, Mesh> getMeshes() {
-		return ImmutableMap.of(material, supplier.get());
+		if (mesh == null) {
+			mesh = meshSupplier.get();
+			meshMap = ImmutableMap.of(material, mesh);
+		}
+
+		return meshMap;
 	}
 
 	@Override
 	public void delete() {
-		supplier.ifPresent(Mesh::delete);
-	}
-
-	public int getVertexCount() {
-		return supplier.map(Mesh::vertexCount)
-				.orElse(0);
+		if (mesh != null) {
+			mesh.delete();
+		}
 	}
 
 	@Override
 	public String toString() {
-		return "SimpleLazyModel{" + supplier.map(Mesh::name)
-				.orElse("Uninitialized") + '}';
+		String name = mesh != null ? mesh.name() : "Uninitialized";
+		return "SimpleLazyModel{" + name + '}';
 	}
 }

src/main/java/com/jozufozu/flywheel/lib/model/baked/BakedModelBuilder.java

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-package com.jozufozu.flywheel.lib.model.buffering;
+package com.jozufozu.flywheel.lib.model.baked;
 
 import java.util.function.BiFunction;
 
@@ -8,18 +8,10 @@ import com.jozufozu.flywheel.api.model.Mesh;
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.lib.memory.MemoryBlock;
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.lib.model.ModelUtil;
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.lib.model.SimpleMesh;
-import com.jozufozu.flywheel.lib.model.TessellatedModel;
-import com.jozufozu.flywheel.lib.model.buffering.ModelBufferingUtil.BufferFactory;
-import com.jozufozu.flywheel.lib.model.buffering.ModelBufferingUtil.ResultConsumer;
-import com.jozufozu.flywheel.lib.model.buffering.ModelBufferingUtil.ShadeSeparatedBufferFactory;
-import com.jozufozu.flywheel.lib.model.buffering.ModelBufferingUtil.ShadeSeparatedResultConsumer;
+import com.jozufozu.flywheel.lib.model.baked.ModelBufferingUtil.ResultConsumer;
+import com.jozufozu.flywheel.lib.model.baked.ModelBufferingUtil.ShadeSeparatedResultConsumer;
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.lib.vertex.VertexTypes;
-import com.jozufozu.flywheel.lib.virtualworld.VirtualEmptyBlockGetter;
-import com.jozufozu.flywheel.lib.virtualworld.VirtualEmptyModelData;
-import com.mojang.blaze3d.vertex.BufferBuilder;
-import com.mojang.blaze3d.vertex.DefaultVertexFormat;
 import com.mojang.blaze3d.vertex.PoseStack;
-import com.mojang.blaze3d.vertex.VertexFormat;
 
 import net.minecraft.client.renderer.RenderType;
 import net.minecraft.client.resources.model.BakedModel;
@@ -29,8 +21,6 @@ import net.minecraft.world.level.block.state.BlockState;
 import net.minecraftforge.client.model.data.IModelData;
 
 public class BakedModelBuilder {
-	private static final int STARTING_CAPACITY = 64;
-
 	private final BakedModel bakedModel;
 	private boolean shadeSeparated = true;
 	private BlockAndTintGetter renderWorld;
@@ -73,19 +63,13 @@ public class BakedModelBuilder {
 		return this;
 	}
 
-	@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
 	public TessellatedModel build() {
-		ModelBufferingObjects objects = ModelBufferingObjects.THREAD_LOCAL.get();
-
 		if (renderWorld == null) {
 			renderWorld = VirtualEmptyBlockGetter.INSTANCE;
 		}
 		if (blockState == null) {
 			blockState = Blocks.AIR.defaultBlockState();
 		}
-		if (poseStack == null) {
-			poseStack = objects.identityPoseStack;
-		}
 		if (modelData == null) {
 			modelData = VirtualEmptyModelData.INSTANCE;
 		}
@@ -96,35 +80,27 @@ public class BakedModelBuilder {
 		ImmutableMap.Builder<Material, Mesh> meshMapBuilder = ImmutableMap.builder();
 
 		if (shadeSeparated) {
-			ShadeSeparatedBufferFactory<BufferBuilder> bufferFactory = (renderType, shaded) -> {
-				BufferBuilder buffer = new BufferBuilder(STARTING_CAPACITY);
-				buffer.begin(VertexFormat.Mode.QUADS, DefaultVertexFormat.BLOCK);
-				return buffer;
-			};
-			ShadeSeparatedResultConsumer<BufferBuilder> resultConsumer = (renderType, shaded, buffer) -> {
-				buffer.end();
-				Material material = materialFunc.apply(renderType, shaded);
-				if (material != null) {
-					MemoryBlock data = ModelUtil.convertVanillaBuffer(buffer.popNextBuffer(), VertexTypes.BLOCK);
-					meshMapBuilder.put(material, new SimpleMesh(VertexTypes.BLOCK, data, "bakedModel=" + bakedModel.toString() + ",renderType=" + renderType.toString() + ",shaded=" + shaded));
+			ShadeSeparatedResultConsumer resultConsumer = (renderType, shaded, data) -> {
+				if (!ModelUtil.isVanillaBufferEmpty(data)) {
+					Material material = materialFunc.apply(renderType, shaded);
+					if (material != null) {
+						MemoryBlock meshData = ModelUtil.convertVanillaBuffer(data, VertexTypes.BLOCK);
+						meshMapBuilder.put(material, new SimpleMesh(VertexTypes.BLOCK, meshData, "bakedModel=" + bakedModel.toString() + ",renderType=" + renderType.toString() + ",shaded=" + shaded));
+					}
 				}
 			};
-			ModelBufferingUtil.bufferSingleShadeSeparated(ModelUtil.VANILLA_RENDERER.getModelRenderer(), renderWorld, bakedModel, blockState, poseStack, bufferFactory, objects.shadeSeparatingBufferWrapper, objects.random, modelData, resultConsumer);
+			ModelBufferingUtil.bufferSingleShadeSeparated(ModelUtil.VANILLA_RENDERER.getModelRenderer(), renderWorld, bakedModel, blockState, poseStack, modelData, resultConsumer);
 		} else {
-			BufferFactory<BufferBuilder> bufferFactory = (renderType) -> {
-				BufferBuilder buffer = new BufferBuilder(STARTING_CAPACITY);
-				buffer.begin(VertexFormat.Mode.QUADS, DefaultVertexFormat.BLOCK);
-				return buffer;
-			};
-			ResultConsumer<BufferBuilder> resultConsumer = (renderType, buffer) -> {
-				buffer.end();
-				Material material = materialFunc.apply(renderType, false);
-				if (material != null) {
-					MemoryBlock data = ModelUtil.convertVanillaBuffer(buffer.popNextBuffer(), VertexTypes.BLOCK);
-					meshMapBuilder.put(material, new SimpleMesh(VertexTypes.BLOCK, data, "bakedModel=" + bakedModel.toString() + ",renderType=" + renderType.toString()));
+			ResultConsumer resultConsumer = (renderType, data) -> {
+				if (!ModelUtil.isVanillaBufferEmpty(data)) {
+					Material material = materialFunc.apply(renderType, true);
+					if (material != null) {
+						MemoryBlock meshData = ModelUtil.convertVanillaBuffer(data, VertexTypes.BLOCK);
+						meshMapBuilder.put(material, new SimpleMesh(VertexTypes.BLOCK, meshData, "bakedModel=" + bakedModel.toString() + ",renderType=" + renderType.toString()));
+					}
 				}
 			};
-			ModelBufferingUtil.bufferSingle(ModelUtil.VANILLA_RENDERER.getModelRenderer(), renderWorld, bakedModel, blockState, poseStack, bufferFactory, objects.bufferWrapper, objects.random, modelData, resultConsumer);
+			ModelBufferingUtil.bufferSingle(ModelUtil.VANILLA_RENDERER.getModelRenderer(), renderWorld, bakedModel, blockState, poseStack, modelData, resultConsumer);
 		}
 
 		return new TessellatedModel(meshMapBuilder.build(), shadeSeparated);

src/main/java/com/jozufozu/flywheel/lib/model/baked/BlockModelBuilder.java

@@ -0,0 +1,97 @@
+package com.jozufozu.flywheel.lib.model.baked;
+
+import java.util.function.BiFunction;
+
+import com.google.common.collect.ImmutableMap;
+import com.jozufozu.flywheel.api.material.Material;
+import com.jozufozu.flywheel.api.model.Mesh;
+import com.jozufozu.flywheel.lib.memory.MemoryBlock;
+import com.jozufozu.flywheel.lib.model.ModelUtil;
+import com.jozufozu.flywheel.lib.model.SimpleMesh;
+import com.jozufozu.flywheel.lib.model.baked.ModelBufferingUtil.ResultConsumer;
+import com.jozufozu.flywheel.lib.model.baked.ModelBufferingUtil.ShadeSeparatedResultConsumer;
+import com.jozufozu.flywheel.lib.vertex.VertexTypes;
+import com.mojang.blaze3d.vertex.PoseStack;
+
+import net.minecraft.client.renderer.RenderType;
+import net.minecraft.world.level.BlockAndTintGetter;
+import net.minecraft.world.level.block.state.BlockState;
+import net.minecraftforge.client.model.data.IModelData;
+
+public class BlockModelBuilder {
+	private final BlockState state;
+	private boolean shadeSeparated = true;
+	private BlockAndTintGetter renderWorld;
+	private PoseStack poseStack;
+	private IModelData modelData;
+	private BiFunction<RenderType, Boolean, Material> materialFunc;
+
+	public BlockModelBuilder(BlockState state) {
+		this.state = state;
+	}
+
+	public BlockModelBuilder disableShadeSeparation() {
+		shadeSeparated = false;
+		return this;
+	}
+
+	public BlockModelBuilder renderWorld(BlockAndTintGetter renderWorld) {
+		this.renderWorld = renderWorld;
+		return this;
+	}
+
+	public BlockModelBuilder poseStack(PoseStack poseStack) {
+		this.poseStack = poseStack;
+		return this;
+	}
+
+	public BlockModelBuilder modelData(IModelData modelData) {
+		this.modelData = modelData;
+		return this;
+	}
+
+	public BlockModelBuilder materialFunc(BiFunction<RenderType, Boolean, Material> materialFunc) {
+		this.materialFunc = materialFunc;
+		return this;
+	}
+
+	public TessellatedModel build() {
+		if (renderWorld == null) {
+			renderWorld = VirtualEmptyBlockGetter.INSTANCE;
+		}
+		if (modelData == null) {
+			modelData = VirtualEmptyModelData.INSTANCE;
+		}
+		if (materialFunc == null) {
+			materialFunc = ModelUtil::getMaterial;
+		}
+
+		ImmutableMap.Builder<Material, Mesh> meshMapBuilder = ImmutableMap.builder();
+
+		if (shadeSeparated) {
+			ShadeSeparatedResultConsumer resultConsumer = (renderType, shaded, data) -> {
+				if (!ModelUtil.isVanillaBufferEmpty(data)) {
+					Material material = materialFunc.apply(renderType, shaded);
+					if (material != null) {
+						MemoryBlock meshData = ModelUtil.convertVanillaBuffer(data, VertexTypes.BLOCK);
+						meshMapBuilder.put(material, new SimpleMesh(VertexTypes.BLOCK, meshData, "state=" + state.toString() + ",renderType=" + renderType.toString() + ",shaded=" + shaded));
+					}
+				}
+			};
+			ModelBufferingUtil.bufferBlockShadeSeparated(ModelUtil.VANILLA_RENDERER, renderWorld, state, poseStack, modelData, resultConsumer);
+		} else {
+			ResultConsumer resultConsumer = (renderType, data) -> {
+				if (!ModelUtil.isVanillaBufferEmpty(data)) {
+					Material material = materialFunc.apply(renderType, true);
+					if (material != null) {
+						MemoryBlock meshData = ModelUtil.convertVanillaBuffer(data, VertexTypes.BLOCK);
+						meshMapBuilder.put(material, new SimpleMesh(VertexTypes.BLOCK, meshData, "state=" + state.toString() + ",renderType=" + renderType.toString()));
+					}
+				}
+			};
+			ModelBufferingUtil.bufferBlock(ModelUtil.VANILLA_RENDERER, renderWorld, state, poseStack, modelData, resultConsumer);
+		}
+
+		return new TessellatedModel(meshMapBuilder.build(), shadeSeparated);
+	}
+}

src/main/java/com/jozufozu/flywheel/lib/model/baked/ModelBufferingUtil.java

@@ -0,0 +1,278 @@
+package com.jozufozu.flywheel.lib.model.baked;
+
+import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
+import java.util.Collection;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.Random;
+
+import org.jetbrains.annotations.Nullable;
+
+import com.mojang.blaze3d.vertex.BufferBuilder;
+import com.mojang.blaze3d.vertex.BufferBuilder.DrawState;
+import com.mojang.blaze3d.vertex.DefaultVertexFormat;
+import com.mojang.blaze3d.vertex.PoseStack;
+import com.mojang.blaze3d.vertex.VertexFormat;
+import com.mojang.datafixers.util.Pair;
+
+import net.minecraft.client.renderer.ItemBlockRenderTypes;
+import net.minecraft.client.renderer.RenderType;
+import net.minecraft.client.renderer.block.BlockRenderDispatcher;
+import net.minecraft.client.renderer.block.ModelBlockRenderer;
+import net.minecraft.client.renderer.texture.OverlayTexture;
+import net.minecraft.client.resources.model.BakedModel;
+import net.minecraft.core.BlockPos;
+import net.minecraft.world.level.BlockAndTintGetter;
+import net.minecraft.world.level.block.RenderShape;
+import net.minecraft.world.level.block.state.BlockState;
+import net.minecraft.world.level.levelgen.structure.templatesystem.StructureTemplate;
+import net.minecraftforge.client.ForgeHooksClient;
+import net.minecraftforge.client.model.data.EmptyModelData;
+import net.minecraftforge.client.model.data.IModelData;
+
+public final class ModelBufferingUtil {
+	private static final RenderType[] CHUNK_LAYERS = RenderType.chunkBufferLayers().toArray(RenderType[]::new);
+	private static final int CHUNK_LAYER_AMOUNT = CHUNK_LAYERS.length;
+
+	private static final ThreadLocal<ModelBufferingObjects> THREAD_LOCAL_OBJECTS = ThreadLocal.withInitial(ModelBufferingObjects::new);
+
+	public static void bufferSingle(ModelBlockRenderer blockRenderer, BlockAndTintGetter renderWorld, BakedModel model, BlockState state, @Nullable PoseStack poseStack, IModelData modelData, ResultConsumer resultConsumer) {
+		ModelBufferingObjects objects = THREAD_LOCAL_OBJECTS.get();
+		if (poseStack == null) {
+			poseStack = objects.identityPoseStack;
+		}
+		Random random = objects.random;
+		BufferBuilder[] buffers = objects.shadedBuffers;
+
+		for (int layerIndex = 0; layerIndex < CHUNK_LAYER_AMOUNT; layerIndex++) {
+			RenderType renderType = CHUNK_LAYERS[layerIndex];
+
+			if (!ItemBlockRenderTypes.canRenderInLayer(state, renderType)) {
+				continue;
+			}
+
+			BufferBuilder buffer = buffers[layerIndex];
+			buffer.begin(VertexFormat.Mode.QUADS, DefaultVertexFormat.BLOCK);
+
+			ForgeHooksClient.setRenderType(renderType);
+
+			poseStack.pushPose();
+			blockRenderer.tesselateBlock(renderWorld, model, state, BlockPos.ZERO, poseStack, buffer, false, random, 42L, OverlayTexture.NO_OVERLAY, modelData);
+			poseStack.popPose();
+
+			buffer.end();
+			Pair<DrawState, ByteBuffer> data = buffer.popNextBuffer();
+			resultConsumer.accept(renderType, data);
+		}
+
+		ForgeHooksClient.setRenderType(null);
+	}
+
+	public static void bufferSingleShadeSeparated(ModelBlockRenderer blockRenderer, BlockAndTintGetter renderWorld, BakedModel model, BlockState state, @Nullable PoseStack poseStack, IModelData modelData, ShadeSeparatedResultConsumer resultConsumer) {
+		ModelBufferingObjects objects = THREAD_LOCAL_OBJECTS.get();
+		if (poseStack == null) {
+			poseStack = objects.identityPoseStack;
+		}
+		Random random = objects.random;
+		ShadeSeparatingVertexConsumer shadeSeparatingWrapper = objects.shadeSeparatingWrapper;
+		BufferBuilder[] shadedBuffers = objects.shadedBuffers;
+		BufferBuilder[] unshadedBuffers = objects.unshadedBuffers;
+
+		for (int layerIndex = 0; layerIndex < CHUNK_LAYER_AMOUNT; layerIndex++) {
+			RenderType renderType = CHUNK_LAYERS[layerIndex];
+
+			if (!ItemBlockRenderTypes.canRenderInLayer(state, renderType)) {
+				continue;
+			}
+
+			BufferBuilder shadedBuffer = shadedBuffers[layerIndex];
+			BufferBuilder unshadedBuffer = unshadedBuffers[layerIndex];
+			shadeSeparatingWrapper.prepare(shadedBuffer, unshadedBuffer);
+			shadedBuffer.begin(VertexFormat.Mode.QUADS, DefaultVertexFormat.BLOCK);
+			unshadedBuffer.begin(VertexFormat.Mode.QUADS, DefaultVertexFormat.BLOCK);
+
+			ForgeHooksClient.setRenderType(renderType);
+
+			poseStack.pushPose();
+			blockRenderer.tesselateBlock(renderWorld, model, state, BlockPos.ZERO, poseStack, shadeSeparatingWrapper, false, random, 42L, OverlayTexture.NO_OVERLAY, modelData);
+			poseStack.popPose();
+
+			shadedBuffer.end();
+			unshadedBuffer.end();
+			Pair<DrawState, ByteBuffer> shadedData = shadedBuffer.popNextBuffer();
+			Pair<DrawState, ByteBuffer> unshadedData = unshadedBuffer.popNextBuffer();
+			resultConsumer.accept(renderType, true, shadedData);
+			resultConsumer.accept(renderType, false, unshadedData);
+		}
+
+		ForgeHooksClient.setRenderType(null);
+
+		shadeSeparatingWrapper.clear();
+	}
+
+	public static void bufferBlock(BlockRenderDispatcher renderDispatcher, BlockAndTintGetter renderWorld, BlockState state, @Nullable PoseStack poseStack, IModelData modelData, ResultConsumer resultConsumer) {
+		if (state.getRenderShape() != RenderShape.MODEL) {
+			return;
+		}
+
+		bufferSingle(renderDispatcher.getModelRenderer(), renderWorld, renderDispatcher.getBlockModel(state), state, poseStack, modelData, resultConsumer);
+	}
+
+	public static void bufferBlockShadeSeparated(BlockRenderDispatcher renderDispatcher, BlockAndTintGetter renderWorld, BlockState state, @Nullable PoseStack poseStack, IModelData modelData, ShadeSeparatedResultConsumer resultConsumer) {
+		if (state.getRenderShape() != RenderShape.MODEL) {
+			return;
+		}
+
+		bufferSingleShadeSeparated(renderDispatcher.getModelRenderer(), renderWorld, renderDispatcher.getBlockModel(state), state, poseStack, modelData, resultConsumer);
+	}
+
+	public static void bufferMultiBlock(Collection<StructureTemplate.StructureBlockInfo> blocks, BlockRenderDispatcher renderDispatcher, BlockAndTintGetter renderWorld, @Nullable PoseStack poseStack, Map<BlockPos, IModelData> modelDataMap, ResultConsumer resultConsumer) {
+		ModelBufferingObjects objects = THREAD_LOCAL_OBJECTS.get();
+		if (poseStack == null) {
+			poseStack = objects.identityPoseStack;
+		}
+		Random random = objects.random;
+
+		BufferBuilder[] buffers = objects.shadedBuffers;
+		for (BufferBuilder buffer : buffers) {
+			buffer.begin(VertexFormat.Mode.QUADS, DefaultVertexFormat.BLOCK);
+		}
+
+		ModelBlockRenderer blockRenderer = renderDispatcher.getModelRenderer();
+		ModelBlockRenderer.enableCaching();
+
+		for (StructureTemplate.StructureBlockInfo blockInfo : blocks) {
+			BlockState state = blockInfo.state;
+
+			if (state.getRenderShape() != RenderShape.MODEL) {
+				continue;
+			}
+
+			BakedModel model = renderDispatcher.getBlockModel(state);
+			BlockPos pos = blockInfo.pos;
+			long seed = state.getSeed(pos);
+			IModelData modelData = modelDataMap.getOrDefault(pos, EmptyModelData.INSTANCE);
+
+			for (int layerIndex = 0; layerIndex < CHUNK_LAYER_AMOUNT; layerIndex++) {
+				RenderType renderType = CHUNK_LAYERS[layerIndex];
+
+				if (!ItemBlockRenderTypes.canRenderInLayer(state, renderType)) {
+					continue;
+				}
+
+				BufferBuilder buffer = buffers[layerIndex];
+
+				ForgeHooksClient.setRenderType(renderType);
+
+				poseStack.pushPose();
+				poseStack.translate(pos.getX(), pos.getY(), pos.getZ());
+				blockRenderer.tesselateBlock(renderWorld, model, state, pos, poseStack, buffer, true, random, seed, OverlayTexture.NO_OVERLAY, modelData);
+				poseStack.popPose();
+			}
+		}
+
+		ForgeHooksClient.setRenderType(null);
+		ModelBlockRenderer.clearCache();
+
+		for (int layerIndex = 0; layerIndex < CHUNK_LAYER_AMOUNT; layerIndex++) {
+			RenderType renderType = CHUNK_LAYERS[layerIndex];
+			BufferBuilder buffer = buffers[layerIndex];
+			buffer.end();
+			Pair<DrawState, ByteBuffer> data = buffer.popNextBuffer();
+			resultConsumer.accept(renderType, data);
+		}
+	}
+
+	public static void bufferMultiBlockShadeSeparated(Collection<StructureTemplate.StructureBlockInfo> blocks, BlockRenderDispatcher renderDispatcher, BlockAndTintGetter renderWorld, @Nullable PoseStack poseStack, Map<BlockPos, IModelData> modelDataMap, ShadeSeparatedResultConsumer resultConsumer) {
+		ModelBufferingObjects objects = THREAD_LOCAL_OBJECTS.get();
+		if (poseStack == null) {
+			poseStack = objects.identityPoseStack;
+		}
+		Random random = objects.random;
+		ShadeSeparatingVertexConsumer shadeSeparatingWrapper = objects.shadeSeparatingWrapper;
+
+		BufferBuilder[] shadedBuffers = objects.shadedBuffers;
+		BufferBuilder[] unshadedBuffers = objects.unshadedBuffers;
+		for (BufferBuilder buffer : shadedBuffers) {
+			buffer.begin(VertexFormat.Mode.QUADS, DefaultVertexFormat.BLOCK);
+		}
+		for (BufferBuilder buffer : unshadedBuffers) {
+			buffer.begin(VertexFormat.Mode.QUADS, DefaultVertexFormat.BLOCK);
+		}
+
+		ModelBlockRenderer blockRenderer = renderDispatcher.getModelRenderer();
+		ModelBlockRenderer.enableCaching();
+
+		for (StructureTemplate.StructureBlockInfo blockInfo : blocks) {
+			BlockState state = blockInfo.state;
+
+			if (state.getRenderShape() != RenderShape.MODEL) {
+				continue;
+			}
+
+			BakedModel model = renderDispatcher.getBlockModel(state);
+			BlockPos pos = blockInfo.pos;
+			long seed = state.getSeed(pos);
+			IModelData modelData = modelDataMap.getOrDefault(pos, EmptyModelData.INSTANCE);
+
+			for (int layerIndex = 0; layerIndex < CHUNK_LAYER_AMOUNT; layerIndex++) {
+				RenderType renderType = CHUNK_LAYERS[layerIndex];
+
+				if (!ItemBlockRenderTypes.canRenderInLayer(state, renderType)) {
+					continue;
+				}
+
+				shadeSeparatingWrapper.prepare(shadedBuffers[layerIndex], unshadedBuffers[layerIndex]);
+
+				ForgeHooksClient.setRenderType(renderType);
+
+				poseStack.pushPose();
+				poseStack.translate(pos.getX(), pos.getY(), pos.getZ());
+				blockRenderer.tesselateBlock(renderWorld, model, state, pos, poseStack, shadeSeparatingWrapper, true, random, seed, OverlayTexture.NO_OVERLAY, modelData);
+				poseStack.popPose();
+			}
+		}
+
+		ForgeHooksClient.setRenderType(null);
+		ModelBlockRenderer.clearCache();
+
+		shadeSeparatingWrapper.clear();
+
+		for (int layerIndex = 0; layerIndex < CHUNK_LAYER_AMOUNT; layerIndex++) {
+			RenderType renderType = CHUNK_LAYERS[layerIndex];
+			BufferBuilder shadedBuffer = shadedBuffers[layerIndex];
+			BufferBuilder unshadedBuffer = unshadedBuffers[layerIndex];
+			shadedBuffer.end();
+			unshadedBuffer.end();
+			Pair<DrawState, ByteBuffer> shadedData = shadedBuffer.popNextBuffer();
+			Pair<DrawState, ByteBuffer> unshadedData = unshadedBuffer.popNextBuffer();
+			resultConsumer.accept(renderType, true, shadedData);
+			resultConsumer.accept(renderType, false, unshadedData);
+		}
+	}
+
+	public interface ResultConsumer {
+		void accept(RenderType renderType, Pair<DrawState, ByteBuffer> data);
+	}
+
+	public interface ShadeSeparatedResultConsumer {
+		void accept(RenderType renderType, boolean shaded, Pair<DrawState, ByteBuffer> data);
+	}
+
+	private static class ModelBufferingObjects {
+		public final PoseStack identityPoseStack = new PoseStack();
+		public final Random random = new Random();
+
+		public final ShadeSeparatingVertexConsumer shadeSeparatingWrapper = new ShadeSeparatingVertexConsumer();
+
+		public final BufferBuilder[] shadedBuffers = new BufferBuilder[CHUNK_LAYER_AMOUNT];
+		public final BufferBuilder[] unshadedBuffers = new BufferBuilder[CHUNK_LAYER_AMOUNT];
+
+		{
+			for (int layerIndex = 0; layerIndex < CHUNK_LAYER_AMOUNT; layerIndex++) {
+				int initialSize = CHUNK_LAYERS[layerIndex].bufferSize();
+				shadedBuffers[layerIndex] = new BufferBuilder(initialSize);
+				unshadedBuffers[layerIndex] = new BufferBuilder(initialSize);
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}

src/main/java/com/jozufozu/flywheel/lib/model/baked/MultiBlockModelBuilder.java

@@ -0,0 +1,101 @@
+package com.jozufozu.flywheel.lib.model.baked;
+
+import java.util.Collection;
+import java.util.Collections;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.function.BiFunction;
+
+import com.google.common.collect.ImmutableMap;
+import com.jozufozu.flywheel.api.material.Material;
+import com.jozufozu.flywheel.api.model.Mesh;
+import com.jozufozu.flywheel.lib.memory.MemoryBlock;
+import com.jozufozu.flywheel.lib.model.ModelUtil;
+import com.jozufozu.flywheel.lib.model.SimpleMesh;
+import com.jozufozu.flywheel.lib.model.baked.ModelBufferingUtil.ResultConsumer;
+import com.jozufozu.flywheel.lib.model.baked.ModelBufferingUtil.ShadeSeparatedResultConsumer;
+import com.jozufozu.flywheel.lib.vertex.VertexTypes;
+import com.mojang.blaze3d.vertex.PoseStack;
+
+import net.minecraft.client.renderer.RenderType;
+import net.minecraft.core.BlockPos;
+import net.minecraft.world.level.BlockAndTintGetter;
+import net.minecraft.world.level.levelgen.structure.templatesystem.StructureTemplate;
+import net.minecraftforge.client.model.data.IModelData;
+
+public class MultiBlockModelBuilder {
+	private final Collection<StructureTemplate.StructureBlockInfo> blocks;
+	private boolean shadeSeparated = true;
+	private BlockAndTintGetter renderWorld;
+	private PoseStack poseStack;
+	private Map<BlockPos, IModelData> modelDataMap;
+	private BiFunction<RenderType, Boolean, Material> materialFunc;
+
+	public MultiBlockModelBuilder(Collection<StructureTemplate.StructureBlockInfo> blocks) {
+		this.blocks = blocks;
+	}
+
+	public MultiBlockModelBuilder disableShadeSeparation() {
+		shadeSeparated = false;
+		return this;
+	}
+
+	public MultiBlockModelBuilder renderWorld(BlockAndTintGetter renderWorld) {
+		this.renderWorld = renderWorld;
+		return this;
+	}
+
+	public MultiBlockModelBuilder poseStack(PoseStack poseStack) {
+		this.poseStack = poseStack;
+		return this;
+	}
+
+	public MultiBlockModelBuilder modelDataMap(Map<BlockPos, IModelData> modelDataMap) {
+		this.modelDataMap = modelDataMap;
+		return this;
+	}
+
+	public MultiBlockModelBuilder materialFunc(BiFunction<RenderType, Boolean, Material> materialFunc) {
+		this.materialFunc = materialFunc;
+		return this;
+	}
+
+	public TessellatedModel build() {
+		if (renderWorld == null) {
+			renderWorld = VirtualEmptyBlockGetter.INSTANCE;
+		}
+		if (modelDataMap == null) {
+			modelDataMap = Collections.emptyMap();
+		}
+		if (materialFunc == null) {
+			materialFunc = ModelUtil::getMaterial;
+		}
+
+		ImmutableMap.Builder<Material, Mesh> meshMapBuilder = ImmutableMap.builder();
+
+		if (shadeSeparated) {
+			ShadeSeparatedResultConsumer resultConsumer = (renderType, shaded, data) -> {
+				if (!ModelUtil.isVanillaBufferEmpty(data)) {
+					Material material = materialFunc.apply(renderType, shaded);
+					if (material != null) {
+						MemoryBlock meshData = ModelUtil.convertVanillaBuffer(data, VertexTypes.BLOCK);
+						meshMapBuilder.put(material, new SimpleMesh(VertexTypes.BLOCK, meshData, "renderType=" + renderType.toString() + ",shaded=" + shaded));
+					}
+				}
+			};
+			ModelBufferingUtil.bufferMultiBlockShadeSeparated(blocks, ModelUtil.VANILLA_RENDERER, renderWorld, poseStack, modelDataMap, resultConsumer);
+		} else {
+			ResultConsumer resultConsumer = (renderType, data) -> {
+				if (!ModelUtil.isVanillaBufferEmpty(data)) {
+					Material material = materialFunc.apply(renderType, true);
+					if (material != null) {
+						MemoryBlock meshData = ModelUtil.convertVanillaBuffer(data, VertexTypes.BLOCK);
+						meshMapBuilder.put(material, new SimpleMesh(VertexTypes.BLOCK, meshData, "renderType=" + renderType.toString()));
+					}
+				}
+			};
+			ModelBufferingUtil.bufferMultiBlock(blocks, ModelUtil.VANILLA_RENDERER, renderWorld, poseStack, modelDataMap, resultConsumer);
+		}
+
+		return new TessellatedModel(meshMapBuilder.build(), shadeSeparated);
+	}
+}

src/main/java/com/jozufozu/flywheel/lib/model/baked/PartialModel.java

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-package com.jozufozu.flywheel.lib.model;
+package com.jozufozu.flywheel.lib.model.baked;
 
 import java.util.ArrayList;
 import java.util.List;
@@ -24,7 +24,6 @@ import net.minecraftforge.client.model.ForgeModelBakery;
  * Attempting to create a PartialModel after {@link ModelRegistryEvent} will cause an error.
  */
 public class PartialModel {
-
 	private static final List<PartialModel> ALL = new ArrayList<>();
 	private static boolean tooLate = false;
 
@@ -68,5 +67,4 @@ public class PartialModel {
 	public BakedModel get() {
 		return bakedModel;
 	}
-
 }

src/main/java/com/jozufozu/flywheel/lib/model/baked/ShadeSeparatingVertexConsumer.java

@@ -0,0 +1,84 @@
+package com.jozufozu.flywheel.lib.model.baked;
+
+import com.mojang.blaze3d.vertex.PoseStack;
+import com.mojang.blaze3d.vertex.VertexConsumer;
+
+import net.minecraft.client.renderer.block.model.BakedQuad;
+
+class ShadeSeparatingVertexConsumer implements VertexConsumer {
+	private VertexConsumer shadedConsumer;
+	private VertexConsumer unshadedConsumer;
+
+	public void prepare(VertexConsumer shadedConsumer, VertexConsumer unshadedConsumer) {
+		this.shadedConsumer = shadedConsumer;
+		this.unshadedConsumer = unshadedConsumer;
+	}
+
+	public void clear() {
+		shadedConsumer = null;
+		unshadedConsumer = null;
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public void putBulkData(PoseStack.Pose poseEntry, BakedQuad quad, float[] colorMuls, float red, float green, float blue, int[] combinedLights, int combinedOverlay, boolean mulColor) {
+		if (quad.isShade()) {
+			shadedConsumer.putBulkData(poseEntry, quad, colorMuls, red, green, blue, combinedLights, combinedOverlay, mulColor);
+		} else {
+			unshadedConsumer.putBulkData(poseEntry, quad, colorMuls, red, green, blue, combinedLights, combinedOverlay, mulColor);
+		}
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public void putBulkData(PoseStack.Pose matrixEntry, BakedQuad bakedQuad, float[] baseBrightness, float red, float green, float blue, float alpha, int[] lightmapCoords, int overlayCoords, boolean readExistingColor) {
+		if (bakedQuad.isShade()) {
+			shadedConsumer.putBulkData(matrixEntry, bakedQuad, baseBrightness, red, green, blue, alpha, lightmapCoords, overlayCoords, readExistingColor);
+		} else {
+			unshadedConsumer.putBulkData(matrixEntry, bakedQuad, baseBrightness, red, green, blue, alpha, lightmapCoords, overlayCoords, readExistingColor);
+		}
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public VertexConsumer vertex(double x, double y, double z) {
+		throw new UnsupportedOperationException("ShadeSeparatingVertexConsumer only supports putBulkData!");
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public VertexConsumer color(int red, int green, int blue, int alpha) {
+		throw new UnsupportedOperationException("ShadeSeparatingVertexConsumer only supports putBulkData!");
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public VertexConsumer uv(float u, float v) {
+		throw new UnsupportedOperationException("ShadeSeparatingVertexConsumer only supports putBulkData!");
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public VertexConsumer overlayCoords(int u, int v) {
+		throw new UnsupportedOperationException("ShadeSeparatingVertexConsumer only supports putBulkData!");
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public VertexConsumer uv2(int u, int v) {
+		throw new UnsupportedOperationException("ShadeSeparatingVertexConsumer only supports putBulkData!");
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public VertexConsumer normal(float x, float y, float z) {
+		throw new UnsupportedOperationException("ShadeSeparatingVertexConsumer only supports putBulkData!");
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public void endVertex() {
+		throw new UnsupportedOperationException("ShadeSeparatingVertexConsumer only supports putBulkData!");
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public void defaultColor(int red, int green, int blue, int alpha) {
+		throw new UnsupportedOperationException("ShadeSeparatingVertexConsumer only supports putBulkData!");
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public void unsetDefaultColor() {
+		throw new UnsupportedOperationException("ShadeSeparatingVertexConsumer only supports putBulkData!");
+	}
+}

src/main/java/com/jozufozu/flywheel/lib/model/baked/TessellatedModel.java

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-package com.jozufozu.flywheel.lib.model;
+package com.jozufozu.flywheel.lib.model.baked;
 
 import java.util.Map;
 

src/main/java/com/jozufozu/flywheel/lib/model/baked/VirtualEmptyBlockGetter.java

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-package com.jozufozu.flywheel.lib.virtualworld;
+package com.jozufozu.flywheel.lib.model.baked;
 
 import net.minecraft.client.Minecraft;
 import net.minecraft.core.BlockPos;
@@ -99,7 +99,7 @@ public interface VirtualEmptyBlockGetter extends BlockAndTintGetter {
 				}
 
 				@Override
-				public void onBlockEmissionIncrease(BlockPos pos, int p_164456_) {
+				public void onBlockEmissionIncrease(BlockPos pos, int emissionLevel) {
 				}
 
 				@Override
@@ -108,16 +108,16 @@ public interface VirtualEmptyBlockGetter extends BlockAndTintGetter {
 				}
 
 				@Override
-				public int runUpdates(int p_164449_, boolean p_164450_, boolean p_164451_) {
-					return p_164449_;
+				public int runUpdates(int pos, boolean isQueueEmpty, boolean updateBlockLight) {
+					return pos;
 				}
 
 				@Override
-				public void updateSectionStatus(SectionPos pos, boolean p_75838_) {
+				public void updateSectionStatus(SectionPos pos, boolean isQueueEmpty) {
 				}
 
 				@Override
-				public void enableLightSources(ChunkPos pos, boolean p_164453_) {
+				public void enableLightSources(ChunkPos pos, boolean isQueueEmpty) {
 				}
 
 				@Override

src/main/java/com/jozufozu/flywheel/lib/model/baked/VirtualEmptyModelData.java

@@ -1,15 +1,16 @@
-package com.jozufozu.flywheel.lib.virtualworld;
+package com.jozufozu.flywheel.lib.model.baked;
+
+import org.jetbrains.annotations.Nullable;
 
 import net.minecraftforge.client.model.data.IModelData;
 import net.minecraftforge.client.model.data.ModelProperty;
 
 /**
  * This model data instance is passed whenever a model is rendered without
- * available in-world context. IBakedModel#getModelData can react accordingly
- * and avoid looking for model data itself
+ * available in-world context. BakedModel#getModelData can react accordingly
+ * and avoid looking for model data itself.
  **/
 public enum VirtualEmptyModelData implements IModelData {
-
 	INSTANCE;
 
 	public static boolean is(IModelData data) {
@@ -22,13 +23,14 @@ public enum VirtualEmptyModelData implements IModelData {
 	}
 
 	@Override
+	@Nullable
 	public <T> T getData(ModelProperty<T> prop) {
 		return null;
 	}
 
 	@Override
+	@Nullable
 	public <T> T setData(ModelProperty<T> prop, T data) {
 		return null;
 	}
-
 }

src/main/java/com/jozufozu/flywheel/lib/model/buffering/BlockModelBuilder.java

@@ -1,121 +0,0 @@
-package com.jozufozu.flywheel.lib.model.buffering;
-
-import java.util.function.BiFunction;
-
-import com.google.common.collect.ImmutableMap;
-import com.jozufozu.flywheel.api.material.Material;
-import com.jozufozu.flywheel.api.model.Mesh;
-import com.jozufozu.flywheel.lib.memory.MemoryBlock;
-import com.jozufozu.flywheel.lib.model.ModelUtil;
-import com.jozufozu.flywheel.lib.model.SimpleMesh;
-import com.jozufozu.flywheel.lib.model.TessellatedModel;
-import com.jozufozu.flywheel.lib.model.buffering.ModelBufferingUtil.BufferFactory;
-import com.jozufozu.flywheel.lib.model.buffering.ModelBufferingUtil.ResultConsumer;
-import com.jozufozu.flywheel.lib.model.buffering.ModelBufferingUtil.ShadeSeparatedBufferFactory;
-import com.jozufozu.flywheel.lib.model.buffering.ModelBufferingUtil.ShadeSeparatedResultConsumer;
-import com.jozufozu.flywheel.lib.vertex.VertexTypes;
-import com.jozufozu.flywheel.lib.virtualworld.VirtualEmptyBlockGetter;
-import com.jozufozu.flywheel.lib.virtualworld.VirtualEmptyModelData;
-import com.mojang.blaze3d.vertex.BufferBuilder;
-import com.mojang.blaze3d.vertex.DefaultVertexFormat;
-import com.mojang.blaze3d.vertex.PoseStack;
-import com.mojang.blaze3d.vertex.VertexFormat;
-
-import net.minecraft.client.renderer.RenderType;
-import net.minecraft.world.level.BlockAndTintGetter;
-import net.minecraft.world.level.block.state.BlockState;
-import net.minecraftforge.client.model.data.IModelData;
-
-public class BlockModelBuilder {
-	private static final int STARTING_CAPACITY = 64;
-
-	private final BlockState state;
-	private boolean shadeSeparated = true;
-	private BlockAndTintGetter renderWorld;
-	private PoseStack poseStack;
-	private IModelData modelData;
-	private BiFunction<RenderType, Boolean, Material> materialFunc;
-
-	public BlockModelBuilder(BlockState state) {
-		this.state = state;
-	}
-
-	public BlockModelBuilder disableShadeSeparation() {
-		shadeSeparated = false;
-		return this;
-	}
-
-	public BlockModelBuilder renderWorld(BlockAndTintGetter renderWorld) {
-		this.renderWorld = renderWorld;
-		return this;
-	}
-
-	public BlockModelBuilder poseStack(PoseStack poseStack) {
-		this.poseStack = poseStack;
-		return this;
-	}
-
-	public BlockModelBuilder modelData(IModelData modelData) {
-		this.modelData = modelData;
-		return this;
-	}
-
-	public BlockModelBuilder materialFunc(BiFunction<RenderType, Boolean, Material> materialFunc) {
-		this.materialFunc = materialFunc;
-		return this;
-	}
-
-	@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
-	public TessellatedModel build() {
-		ModelBufferingObjects objects = ModelBufferingObjects.THREAD_LOCAL.get();
-
-		if (renderWorld == null) {
-			renderWorld = VirtualEmptyBlockGetter.INSTANCE;
-		}
-		if (poseStack == null) {
-			poseStack = objects.identityPoseStack;
-		}
-		if (modelData == null) {
-			modelData = VirtualEmptyModelData.INSTANCE;
-		}
-		if (materialFunc == null) {
-			materialFunc = ModelUtil::getMaterial;
-		}
-
-		ImmutableMap.Builder<Material, Mesh> meshMapBuilder = ImmutableMap.builder();
-
-		if (shadeSeparated) {
-			ShadeSeparatedBufferFactory<BufferBuilder> bufferFactory = (renderType, shaded) -> {
-				BufferBuilder buffer = new BufferBuilder(STARTING_CAPACITY);
-				buffer.begin(VertexFormat.Mode.QUADS, DefaultVertexFormat.BLOCK);
-				return buffer;
-			};
-			ShadeSeparatedResultConsumer<BufferBuilder> resultConsumer = (renderType, shaded, buffer) -> {
-				buffer.end();
-				Material material = materialFunc.apply(renderType, shaded);
-				if (material != null) {
-					MemoryBlock data = ModelUtil.convertVanillaBuffer(buffer.popNextBuffer(), VertexTypes.BLOCK);
-					meshMapBuilder.put(material, new SimpleMesh(VertexTypes.BLOCK, data, "state=" + state.toString() + ",renderType=" + renderType.toString() + ",shaded=" + shaded));
-				}
-			};
-			ModelBufferingUtil.bufferBlockShadeSeparated(ModelUtil.VANILLA_RENDERER, renderWorld, state, poseStack, bufferFactory, objects.shadeSeparatingBufferWrapper, objects.random, modelData, resultConsumer);
-		} else {
-			BufferFactory<BufferBuilder> bufferFactory = (renderType) -> {
-				BufferBuilder buffer = new BufferBuilder(STARTING_CAPACITY);
-				buffer.begin(VertexFormat.Mode.QUADS, DefaultVertexFormat.BLOCK);
-				return buffer;
-			};
-			ResultConsumer<BufferBuilder> resultConsumer = (renderType, buffer) -> {
-				buffer.end();
-				Material material = materialFunc.apply(renderType, false);
-				if (material != null) {
-					MemoryBlock data = ModelUtil.convertVanillaBuffer(buffer.popNextBuffer(), VertexTypes.BLOCK);
-					meshMapBuilder.put(material, new SimpleMesh(VertexTypes.BLOCK, data, "state=" + state.toString() + ",renderType=" + renderType.toString()));
-				}
-			};
-			ModelBufferingUtil.bufferBlock(ModelUtil.VANILLA_RENDERER, renderWorld, state, poseStack, bufferFactory, objects.bufferWrapper, objects.random, modelData, resultConsumer);
-		}
-
-		return new TessellatedModel(meshMapBuilder.build(), shadeSeparated);
-	}
-}

src/main/java/com/jozufozu/flywheel/lib/model/buffering/LazyDelegatingVertexConsumer.java

@@ -1,65 +0,0 @@
-package com.jozufozu.flywheel.lib.model.buffering;
-
-import com.mojang.blaze3d.vertex.PoseStack;
-import com.mojang.blaze3d.vertex.VertexConsumer;
-
-import net.minecraft.client.renderer.block.model.BakedQuad;
-
-public interface LazyDelegatingVertexConsumer<T extends VertexConsumer> extends VertexConsumer {
-	T getDelegate();
-
-	@Override
-	default VertexConsumer vertex(double x, double y, double z) {
-		return getDelegate().vertex(x, y, z);
-	}
-
-	@Override
-	default VertexConsumer color(int red, int green, int blue, int alpha) {
-		return getDelegate().color(red, green, blue, alpha);
-	}
-
-	@Override
-	default VertexConsumer uv(float u, float v) {
-		return getDelegate().uv(u, v);
-	}
-
-	@Override
-	default VertexConsumer overlayCoords(int u, int v) {
-		return getDelegate().overlayCoords(u, v);
-	}
-
-	@Override
-	default VertexConsumer uv2(int u, int v) {
-		return getDelegate().uv2(u, v);
-	}
-
-	@Override
-	default VertexConsumer normal(float x, float y, float z) {
-		return getDelegate().normal(x, y, z);
-	}
-
-	@Override
-	default void endVertex() {
-		getDelegate().endVertex();
-	}
-
-	@Override
-	default void defaultColor(int red, int green, int blue, int alpha) {
-		getDelegate().defaultColor(red, green, blue, alpha);
-	}
-
-	@Override
-	default void unsetDefaultColor() {
-		getDelegate().unsetDefaultColor();
-	}
-
-	@Override
-	default void putBulkData(PoseStack.Pose poseEntry, BakedQuad quad, float[] colorMuls, float red, float green, float blue, int[] combinedLights, int combinedOverlay, boolean mulColor) {
-		getDelegate().putBulkData(poseEntry, quad, colorMuls, red, green, blue, combinedLights, combinedOverlay, mulColor);
-	}
-
-	@Override
-	default void putBulkData(PoseStack.Pose matrixEntry, BakedQuad bakedQuad, float[] baseBrightness, float red, float green, float blue, float alpha, int[] lightmapCoords, int overlayCoords, boolean readExistingColor) {
-		getDelegate().putBulkData(matrixEntry, bakedQuad, baseBrightness, red, green, blue, alpha, lightmapCoords, overlayCoords, readExistingColor);
-	}
-}

src/main/java/com/jozufozu/flywheel/lib/model/buffering/ModelBufferingObjects.java

@@ -1,18 +0,0 @@
-package com.jozufozu.flywheel.lib.model.buffering;
-
-import java.util.Random;
-
-import com.jozufozu.flywheel.lib.model.buffering.ModelBufferingUtil.BufferWrapper;
-import com.jozufozu.flywheel.lib.model.buffering.ModelBufferingUtil.ShadeSeparatingBufferWrapper;
-import com.mojang.blaze3d.vertex.PoseStack;
-
-public class ModelBufferingObjects {
-	public static final ThreadLocal<ModelBufferingObjects> THREAD_LOCAL = ThreadLocal.withInitial(ModelBufferingObjects::new);
-
-	public final PoseStack identityPoseStack = new PoseStack();
-	@SuppressWarnings("rawtypes")
-	public final BufferWrapper bufferWrapper = new BufferWrapper<>();
-	@SuppressWarnings("rawtypes")
-	public final ShadeSeparatingBufferWrapper shadeSeparatingBufferWrapper = new ShadeSeparatingBufferWrapper<>();
-	public final Random random = new Random();
-}