Treeify bells and minecarts

- Use InstanceTrees in BellVisual and MinecartVisual
- Use JOML Matrix4fStack instead of PoseStack
- Directly transform Matrix4f instead of using PoseStack to compute initial pose

common/src/lib/java/dev/engine_room/flywheel/lib/instance/PosedInstance.java

@@ -73,6 +73,12 @@ public class PosedInstance extends ColoredLitInstance implements Transform<Posed
 		return this;
 	}
 
+	public PosedInstance setTransform(Matrix4fc pose, Matrix3fc normal) {
+		this.pose.set(pose);
+		this.normal.set(normal);
+		return this;
+	}
+
 	public PosedInstance setTransform(PoseStack.Pose pose) {
 		this.pose.set(pose.pose());
 		normal.set(pose.normal());

common/src/lib/java/dev/engine_room/flywheel/lib/instance/TransformedInstance.java

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 package dev.engine_room.flywheel.lib.instance;
 
 import org.joml.Matrix4f;
+import org.joml.Matrix4fc;
 import org.joml.Quaternionfc;
 
 import com.mojang.blaze3d.vertex.PoseStack;
@@ -40,6 +41,11 @@ public class TransformedInstance extends ColoredLitInstance implements Affine<Tr
 		return this;
 	}
 
+	public TransformedInstance setTransform(Matrix4fc pose) {
+		this.pose.set(pose);
+		return this;
+	}
+
 	public TransformedInstance setTransform(PoseStack.Pose pose) {
 		this.pose.set(pose.pose());
 		return this;

common/src/lib/java/dev/engine_room/flywheel/lib/model/part/InstanceTree.java

@@ -193,7 +193,7 @@ public final class InstanceTree {
 			affine.rotate(tempQuaternion.rotationZYX(zRot, yRot, xRot));
 		}
 
-		if (xScale != 1.0F || yScale != 1.0F || zScale != 1.0F) {
+		if (xScale != ModelPart.DEFAULT_SCALE || yScale != ModelPart.DEFAULT_SCALE || zScale != ModelPart.DEFAULT_SCALE) {
 			affine.scale(xScale, yScale, zScale);
 		}
 	}
@@ -300,13 +300,6 @@ public final class InstanceTree {
 		return zScale;
 	}
 
-	public void pos(float x, float y, float z) {
-		this.x = x;
-		this.y = y;
-		this.z = z;
-		setChanged();
-	}
-
 	public void xPos(float x) {
 		this.x = x;
 		setChanged();
@@ -322,10 +315,10 @@ public final class InstanceTree {
 		setChanged();
 	}
 
-	public void rotation(float xRot, float yRot, float zRot) {
+	public void pos(float x, float y, float z) {
-		this.xRot = xRot;
+		this.x = x;
-		this.yRot = yRot;
+		this.y = y;
-		this.zRot = zRot;
+		this.z = z;
 		setChanged();
 	}
 
@@ -344,10 +337,10 @@ public final class InstanceTree {
 		setChanged();
 	}
 
-	public void scale(float xScale, float yScale, float zScale) {
+	public void rotation(float xRot, float yRot, float zRot) {
-		this.xScale = xScale;
+		this.xRot = xRot;
-		this.yScale = yScale;
+		this.yRot = yRot;
-		this.zScale = zScale;
+		this.zRot = zRot;
 		setChanged();
 	}
 
@@ -366,6 +359,13 @@ public final class InstanceTree {
 		setChanged();
 	}
 
+	public void scale(float xScale, float yScale, float zScale) {
+		this.xScale = xScale;
+		this.yScale = yScale;
+		this.zScale = zScale;
+		setChanged();
+	}
+
 	public void offsetPos(float xOffset, float yOffset, float zOffset) {
 		x += xOffset;
 		y += yOffset;
@@ -388,6 +388,10 @@ public final class InstanceTree {
 		setChanged();
 	}
 
+	public void offsetPos(Vector3fc offset) {
+		offsetPos(offset.x(), offset.y(), offset.z());
+	}
+
 	public void offsetRotation(float xOffset, float yOffset, float zOffset) {
 		xRot += xOffset;
 		yRot += yOffset;
@@ -410,6 +414,10 @@ public final class InstanceTree {
 		setChanged();
 	}
 
+	public void offsetRotation(Vector3fc offset) {
+		offsetRotation(offset.x(), offset.y(), offset.z());
+	}
+
 	public void offsetScale(float xOffset, float yOffset, float zOffset) {
 		xScale += xOffset;
 		yScale += yOffset;
@@ -432,14 +440,6 @@ public final class InstanceTree {
 		setChanged();
 	}
 
-	public void offsetPos(Vector3fc offset) {
-		offsetPos(offset.x(), offset.y(), offset.z());
-	}
-
-	public void offsetRotation(Vector3fc offset) {
-		offsetRotation(offset.x(), offset.y(), offset.z());
-	}
-
 	public void offsetScale(Vector3fc offset) {
 		offsetScale(offset.x(), offset.y(), offset.z());
 	}
@@ -491,6 +491,10 @@ public final class InstanceTree {
 		setChanged();
 	}
 
+	private void setChanged() {
+		changed = true;
+	}
+
 	public void delete() {
 		if (instance != null) {
 			instance.delete();
@@ -500,10 +504,6 @@ public final class InstanceTree {
 		}
 	}
 
-	private void setChanged() {
-		changed = true;
-	}
-
 	@ApiStatus.Experimental
 	@FunctionalInterface
 	public interface ObjIntIntConsumer<T> {

common/src/lib/java/dev/engine_room/flywheel/lib/visual/AbstractBlockEntityVisual.java

@@ -99,6 +99,10 @@ public abstract class AbstractBlockEntityVisual<T extends BlockEntity> extends A
 				.shouldUpdate(pos.distToCenterSqr(context.camera().getPosition()));
 	}
 
+	protected int computePackedLight() {
+		return LevelRenderer.getLightColor(level, pos);
+	}
+
 	protected void relight(BlockPos pos, @Nullable FlatLit... instances) {
 		FlatLit.relight(LevelRenderer.getLightColor(level, pos), instances);
 	}

common/src/lib/java/dev/engine_room/flywheel/lib/visual/AbstractEntityVisual.java

@@ -92,11 +92,14 @@ public abstract class AbstractEntityVisual<T extends Entity> extends AbstractVis
 		return entity.noCulling || visibilityTester.check(frustum);
 	}
 
-	protected void relight(float partialTick, @Nullable FlatLit... instances) {
+	protected int computePackedLight(float partialTick) {
 		BlockPos pos = BlockPos.containing(entity.getLightProbePosition(partialTick));
 		int blockLight = entity.isOnFire() ? 15 : level.getBrightness(LightLayer.BLOCK, pos);
 		int skyLight = level.getBrightness(LightLayer.SKY, pos);
-		int light = LightTexture.pack(blockLight, skyLight);
+		return LightTexture.pack(blockLight, skyLight);
-		FlatLit.relight(light, instances);
+	}
+
+	protected void relight(float partialTick, @Nullable FlatLit... instances) {
+		FlatLit.relight(computePackedLight(partialTick), instances);
 	}
 }

common/src/main/java/dev/engine_room/flywheel/vanilla/BellVisual.java

@@ -2,23 +2,22 @@ package dev.engine_room.flywheel.vanilla;
 
 import java.util.function.Consumer;
 
-import org.joml.AxisAngle4f;
+import org.joml.Matrix4f;
-import org.joml.Quaternionf;
+import org.joml.Matrix4fc;
-import org.joml.Vector3f;
 
 import dev.engine_room.flywheel.api.instance.Instance;
 import dev.engine_room.flywheel.api.material.Material;
+import dev.engine_room.flywheel.api.model.Model;
 import dev.engine_room.flywheel.api.visualization.VisualizationContext;
-import dev.engine_room.flywheel.lib.instance.InstanceTypes;
-import dev.engine_room.flywheel.lib.instance.OrientedInstance;
 import dev.engine_room.flywheel.lib.material.SimpleMaterial;
-import dev.engine_room.flywheel.lib.model.ModelHolder;
+import dev.engine_room.flywheel.lib.model.RetexturedMesh;
-import dev.engine_room.flywheel.lib.model.SingleMeshModel;
+import dev.engine_room.flywheel.lib.model.part.InstanceTree;
-import dev.engine_room.flywheel.lib.model.part.ModelPartConverter;
 import dev.engine_room.flywheel.lib.visual.AbstractBlockEntityVisual;
 import dev.engine_room.flywheel.lib.visual.SimpleDynamicVisual;
 import net.minecraft.client.model.geom.ModelLayers;
 import net.minecraft.client.renderer.blockentity.BellRenderer;
+import net.minecraft.client.renderer.texture.TextureAtlasSprite;
+import net.minecraft.core.BlockPos;
 import net.minecraft.util.Mth;
 import net.minecraft.world.level.block.entity.BellBlockEntity;
 
@@ -27,29 +26,28 @@ public class BellVisual extends AbstractBlockEntityVisual<BellBlockEntity> imple
 			.mipmap(false)
 			.build();
 
-	private static final ModelHolder BELL_MODEL = new ModelHolder(() -> {
+	private final InstanceTree instances;
-		return new SingleMeshModel(ModelPartConverter.convert(ModelLayers.BELL, BellRenderer.BELL_RESOURCE_LOCATION.sprite(), "bell_body"), MATERIAL);
+	private final InstanceTree bellBody;
-	});
 
-	private final OrientedInstance bell;
+	private final Matrix4fc initialPose;
 
 	private boolean wasShaking = false;
 
 	public BellVisual(VisualizationContext ctx, BellBlockEntity blockEntity, float partialTick) {
 		super(ctx, blockEntity, partialTick);
 
-		bell = createBellInstance().pivot(0.5f, 0.75f, 0.5f)
+		TextureAtlasSprite sprite = BellRenderer.BELL_RESOURCE_LOCATION.sprite();
-				.position(getVisualPosition());
+		instances = InstanceTree.create(instancerProvider(), ModelLayers.BELL, (path, mesh) -> {
-		bell.setChanged();
+			return new Model.ConfiguredMesh(MATERIAL, new RetexturedMesh(mesh, sprite));
+		});
+		bellBody = instances.childOrThrow("bell_body");
+
+		BlockPos visualPos = getVisualPosition();
+		initialPose = new Matrix4f().translate(visualPos.getX(), visualPos.getY(), visualPos.getZ());
 
 		updateRotation(partialTick);
 	}
 
-	private OrientedInstance createBellInstance() {
-		return instancerProvider().instancer(InstanceTypes.ORIENTED, BELL_MODEL.get())
-				.createInstance();
-	}
-
 	@Override
 	public void beginFrame(Context context) {
 		if (doDistanceLimitThisFrame(context) || !isVisible(context.frustum())) {
@@ -60,37 +58,46 @@ public class BellVisual extends AbstractBlockEntityVisual<BellBlockEntity> imple
 	}
 
 	private void updateRotation(float partialTick) {
+		float xRot = 0;
+		float zRot = 0;
+
 		if (blockEntity.shaking) {
 			float ringTime = (float) blockEntity.ticks + partialTick;
 			float angle = Mth.sin(ringTime / (float) Math.PI) / (4.0F + ringTime / 3.0F);
 
-			Vector3f ringAxis = blockEntity.clickDirection.getCounterClockWise()
+			switch (blockEntity.clickDirection) {
-					.step();
+				case NORTH -> xRot = -angle;
-
+				case SOUTH -> xRot = angle;
-			bell.rotation(new Quaternionf(new AxisAngle4f(angle, ringAxis)))
+				case EAST -> zRot = -angle;
-					.setChanged();
+				case WEST -> zRot = angle;
+			}
 
 			wasShaking = true;
 		} else if (wasShaking) {
-			bell.rotation(new Quaternionf())
-					.setChanged();
-
 			wasShaking = false;
 		}
+
+		bellBody.xRot(xRot);
+		bellBody.zRot(zRot);
+		instances.updateInstancesStatic(initialPose);
 	}
 
 	@Override
 	public void updateLight(float partialTick) {
-		relight(bell);
+		int packedLight = computePackedLight();
+		instances.traverse(instance -> {
+			instance.light(packedLight)
+					.setChanged();
+		});
 	}
 
 	@Override
 	public void collectCrumblingInstances(Consumer<Instance> consumer) {
-		consumer.accept(bell);
+		instances.traverse(consumer);
 	}
 
 	@Override
 	protected void _delete() {
-		bell.delete();
+		instances.delete();
 	}
 }

common/src/main/java/dev/engine_room/flywheel/vanilla/ChestVisual.java

@@ -6,19 +6,17 @@ import java.util.Map;
 import java.util.function.Consumer;
 
 import org.jetbrains.annotations.Nullable;
+import org.joml.Matrix4f;
 import org.joml.Matrix4fc;
 
-import com.mojang.blaze3d.vertex.PoseStack;
-import com.mojang.math.Axis;
-
 import dev.engine_room.flywheel.api.instance.Instance;
+import dev.engine_room.flywheel.api.material.Material;
 import dev.engine_room.flywheel.api.model.Model;
 import dev.engine_room.flywheel.api.visualization.VisualizationContext;
 import dev.engine_room.flywheel.lib.material.CutoutShaders;
 import dev.engine_room.flywheel.lib.material.SimpleMaterial;
 import dev.engine_room.flywheel.lib.model.RetexturedMesh;
 import dev.engine_room.flywheel.lib.model.part.InstanceTree;
-import dev.engine_room.flywheel.lib.transform.TransformStack;
 import dev.engine_room.flywheel.lib.visual.AbstractBlockEntityVisual;
 import dev.engine_room.flywheel.lib.visual.SimpleDynamicVisual;
 import it.unimi.dsi.fastutil.floats.Float2FloatFunction;
@@ -29,7 +27,9 @@ import net.minecraft.client.renderer.LevelRenderer;
 import net.minecraft.client.renderer.LightTexture;
 import net.minecraft.client.renderer.Sheets;
 import net.minecraft.client.renderer.texture.TextureAtlasSprite;
+import net.minecraft.core.BlockPos;
 import net.minecraft.core.SectionPos;
+import net.minecraft.util.Mth;
 import net.minecraft.world.level.block.AbstractChestBlock;
 import net.minecraft.world.level.block.Block;
 import net.minecraft.world.level.block.ChestBlock;
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ import net.minecraft.world.level.block.entity.LidBlockEntity;
 import net.minecraft.world.level.block.state.properties.ChestType;
 
 public class ChestVisual<T extends BlockEntity & LidBlockEntity> extends AbstractBlockEntityVisual<T> implements SimpleDynamicVisual {
-	private static final dev.engine_room.flywheel.api.material.Material MATERIAL = SimpleMaterial.builder()
+	private static final Material MATERIAL = SimpleMaterial.builder()
 			.cutout(CutoutShaders.ONE_TENTH)
 			.texture(Sheets.CHEST_SHEET)
 			.mipmap(false)
@@ -84,14 +84,7 @@ public class ChestVisual<T extends BlockEntity & LidBlockEntity> extends Abstrac
 			lid = instances.childOrThrow("lid");
 			lock = instances.childOrThrow("lock");
 
-			PoseStack poseStack = new PoseStack();
+			initialPose = createInitialPose();
-			TransformStack.of(poseStack).translate(getVisualPosition());
-			float horizontalAngle = blockState.getValue(ChestBlock.FACING).toYRot();
-			poseStack.translate(0.5F, 0.5F, 0.5F);
-			poseStack.mulPose(Axis.YP.rotationDegrees(-horizontalAngle));
-			poseStack.translate(-0.5F, -0.5F, -0.5F);
-			initialPose = poseStack.last().pose();
-
 			neighborCombineResult = chestBlock.combine(blockState, level, pos, true);
 			lidProgress = neighborCombineResult.apply(ChestBlock.opennessCombiner(blockEntity));
 
@@ -112,6 +105,15 @@ public class ChestVisual<T extends BlockEntity & LidBlockEntity> extends Abstrac
 		return calendar.get(Calendar.MONTH) + 1 == 12 && calendar.get(Calendar.DATE) >= 24 && calendar.get(Calendar.DATE) <= 26;
 	}
 
+	private Matrix4f createInitialPose() {
+		BlockPos visualPos = getVisualPosition();
+		float horizontalAngle = blockState.getValue(ChestBlock.FACING).toYRot();
+		return new Matrix4f().translate(visualPos.getX(), visualPos.getY(), visualPos.getZ())
+				.translate(0.5F, 0.5F, 0.5F)
+				.rotateY(-horizontalAngle * Mth.DEG_TO_RAD)
+				.translate(-0.5F, -0.5F, -0.5F);
+	}
+
 	@Override
 	public void setSectionCollector(SectionCollector sectionCollector) {
 		this.lightSections = sectionCollector;

common/src/main/java/dev/engine_room/flywheel/vanilla/MinecartVisual.java

@@ -1,22 +1,19 @@
 package dev.engine_room.flywheel.vanilla;
 
 import org.jetbrains.annotations.Nullable;
-
+import org.joml.Matrix4f;
-import com.mojang.blaze3d.vertex.PoseStack;
+import org.joml.Matrix4fStack;
-import com.mojang.math.Axis;
 
 import dev.engine_room.flywheel.api.material.Material;
 import dev.engine_room.flywheel.api.visual.DynamicVisual;
 import dev.engine_room.flywheel.api.visual.TickableVisual;
 import dev.engine_room.flywheel.api.visualization.VisualizationContext;
+import dev.engine_room.flywheel.lib.instance.FlatLit;
 import dev.engine_room.flywheel.lib.instance.InstanceTypes;
 import dev.engine_room.flywheel.lib.instance.TransformedInstance;
 import dev.engine_room.flywheel.lib.material.SimpleMaterial;
-import dev.engine_room.flywheel.lib.model.ModelHolder;
 import dev.engine_room.flywheel.lib.model.Models;
-import dev.engine_room.flywheel.lib.model.SingleMeshModel;
+import dev.engine_room.flywheel.lib.model.part.InstanceTree;
-import dev.engine_room.flywheel.lib.model.part.ModelPartConverter;
-import dev.engine_room.flywheel.lib.util.RecyclingPoseStack;
 import dev.engine_room.flywheel.lib.visual.ComponentEntityVisual;
 import dev.engine_room.flywheel.lib.visual.SimpleDynamicVisual;
 import dev.engine_room.flywheel.lib.visual.SimpleTickableVisual;
@@ -24,7 +21,6 @@ import dev.engine_room.flywheel.lib.visual.component.FireComponent;
 import dev.engine_room.flywheel.lib.visual.component.HitboxComponent;
 import dev.engine_room.flywheel.lib.visual.component.ShadowComponent;
 import net.minecraft.client.model.geom.ModelLayerLocation;
-import net.minecraft.client.model.geom.ModelLayers;
 import net.minecraft.resources.ResourceLocation;
 import net.minecraft.util.Mth;
 import net.minecraft.world.entity.vehicle.AbstractMinecart;
@@ -39,31 +35,19 @@ public class MinecartVisual<T extends AbstractMinecart> extends ComponentEntityV
 			.mipmap(false)
 			.build();
 
-	public static final ModelHolder CHEST_BODY_MODEL = createBodyModelHolder(ModelLayers.CHEST_MINECART);
+	private final InstanceTree instances;
-	public static final ModelHolder COMMAND_BLOCK_BODY_MODEL = createBodyModelHolder(ModelLayers.COMMAND_BLOCK_MINECART);
-	public static final ModelHolder FURNACE_BODY_MODEL = createBodyModelHolder(ModelLayers.FURNACE_MINECART);
-	public static final ModelHolder HOPPER_BODY_MODEL = createBodyModelHolder(ModelLayers.HOPPER_MINECART);
-	public static final ModelHolder STANDARD_BODY_MODEL = createBodyModelHolder(ModelLayers.MINECART);
-	public static final ModelHolder SPAWNER_BODY_MODEL = createBodyModelHolder(ModelLayers.SPAWNER_MINECART);
-	public static final ModelHolder TNT_BODY_MODEL = createBodyModelHolder(ModelLayers.TNT_MINECART);
-
-	private final TransformedInstance body;
 	@Nullable
 	private TransformedInstance contents;
 
-	private final ModelHolder bodyModel;
+	private final Matrix4fStack stack = new Matrix4fStack(2);
-
-	private final RecyclingPoseStack stack = new RecyclingPoseStack();
 
 	private BlockState blockState;
 	private boolean active;
 
-	public MinecartVisual(VisualizationContext ctx, T entity, float partialTick, ModelHolder bodyModel) {
+	public MinecartVisual(VisualizationContext ctx, T entity, float partialTick, ModelLayerLocation layerLocation) {
 		super(ctx, entity, partialTick);
 
-		this.bodyModel = bodyModel;
+		instances = InstanceTree.create(instancerProvider(), layerLocation, MATERIAL);
-
-		body = createBodyInstance();
 		blockState = entity.getDisplayBlockState();
 		contents = createContentsInstance();
 
@@ -75,23 +59,12 @@ public class MinecartVisual<T extends AbstractMinecart> extends ComponentEntityV
 		updateLight(partialTick);
 	}
 
-	private static ModelHolder createBodyModelHolder(ModelLayerLocation layer) {
-		return new ModelHolder(() -> {
-			return new SingleMeshModel(ModelPartConverter.convert(layer), MATERIAL);
-		});
-	}
-
-	private TransformedInstance createBodyInstance() {
-		return instancerProvider().instancer(InstanceTypes.TRANSFORMED, bodyModel.get())
-				.createInstance();
-	}
-
 	@Nullable
 	private TransformedInstance createContentsInstance() {
 		RenderShape shape = blockState.getRenderShape();
 
 		if (shape == RenderShape.ENTITYBLOCK_ANIMATED) {
-			body.setZeroTransform();
+			instances.traverse(instance -> instance.setZeroTransform().setChanged());
 			active = false;
 			return null;
 		}
@@ -135,14 +108,14 @@ public class MinecartVisual<T extends AbstractMinecart> extends ComponentEntityV
 	}
 
 	private void updateInstances(float partialTick) {
-		stack.setIdentity();
+		stack.identity();
 
 		double posX = Mth.lerp(partialTick, entity.xOld, entity.getX());
 		double posY = Mth.lerp(partialTick, entity.yOld, entity.getY());
 		double posZ = Mth.lerp(partialTick, entity.zOld, entity.getZ());
 
 		var renderOrigin = renderOrigin();
-		stack.translate(posX - renderOrigin.getX(), posY - renderOrigin.getY(), posZ - renderOrigin.getZ());
+		stack.translate((float) (posX - renderOrigin.getX()), (float) (posY - renderOrigin.getY()), (float) (posZ - renderOrigin.getZ()));
 		float yaw = Mth.lerp(partialTick, entity.yRotO, entity.getYRot());
 
 		long randomBits = entity.getId() * 493286711L;
@@ -166,7 +139,7 @@ public class MinecartVisual<T extends AbstractMinecart> extends ComponentEntityV
 				offset2 = pos;
 			}
 
-			stack.translate(pos.x - posX, (offset1.y + offset2.y) / 2.0D - posY, pos.z - posZ);
+			stack.translate((float) (pos.x - posX), (float) ((offset1.y + offset2.y) / 2.0D - posY), (float) (pos.z - posZ));
 			Vec3 vec = offset2.add(-offset1.x, -offset1.y, -offset1.z);
 			if (vec.length() != 0.0D) {
 				vec = vec.normalize();
@@ -175,9 +148,9 @@ public class MinecartVisual<T extends AbstractMinecart> extends ComponentEntityV
 			}
 		}
 
-		stack.translate(0.0D, 0.375D, 0.0D);
+		stack.translate(0.0F, 0.375F, 0.0F);
-		stack.mulPose(Axis.YP.rotationDegrees(180 - yaw));
+		stack.rotateY((180 - yaw) * Mth.DEG_TO_RAD);
-		stack.mulPose(Axis.ZP.rotationDegrees(-pitch));
+		stack.rotateZ(-pitch * Mth.DEG_TO_RAD);
 
 		float hurtTime = entity.getHurtTime() - partialTick;
 		float damage = entity.getDamage() - partialTick;
@@ -187,40 +160,44 @@ public class MinecartVisual<T extends AbstractMinecart> extends ComponentEntityV
 		}
 
 		if (hurtTime > 0) {
-			stack.mulPose(Axis.XP.rotationDegrees(Mth.sin(hurtTime) * hurtTime * damage / 10.0F * (float) entity.getHurtDir()));
+			stack.rotateX((Mth.sin(hurtTime) * hurtTime * damage / 10.0F * (float) entity.getHurtDir()) * Mth.DEG_TO_RAD);
 		}
 
-		int displayOffset = entity.getDisplayOffset();
 		if (contents != null) {
-			stack.pushPose();
+			int displayOffset = entity.getDisplayOffset();
+			stack.pushMatrix();
 			stack.scale(0.75F, 0.75F, 0.75F);
 			stack.translate(-0.5F, (float) (displayOffset - 8) / 16, 0.5F);
-			stack.mulPose(Axis.YP.rotationDegrees(90));
+			stack.rotateY(90 * Mth.DEG_TO_RAD);
 			updateContents(contents, stack, partialTick);
-			stack.popPose();
+			stack.popMatrix();
 		}
 
 		stack.scale(-1.0F, -1.0F, 1.0F);
-		body.setTransform(stack)
+		instances.updateInstances(stack);
-				.setChanged();
 
 		// TODO: Use LightUpdatedVisual/ShaderLightVisual if possible.
 		updateLight(partialTick);
 	}
 
-	protected void updateContents(TransformedInstance contents, PoseStack stack, float partialTick) {
+	protected void updateContents(TransformedInstance contents, Matrix4f pose, float partialTick) {
-		contents.setTransform(stack)
+		contents.setTransform(pose)
 				.setChanged();
 	}
 
 	public void updateLight(float partialTick) {
-		relight(partialTick, body, contents);
+		int packedLight = computePackedLight(partialTick);
+		instances.traverse(instance -> {
+			instance.light(packedLight)
+					.setChanged();
+		});
+		FlatLit.relight(packedLight, contents);
 	}
 
 	@Override
 	protected void _delete() {
 		super._delete();
-		body.delete();
+		instances.delete();
 		if (contents != null) {
 			contents.delete();
 		}

common/src/main/java/dev/engine_room/flywheel/vanilla/TntMinecartVisual.java

@@ -1,9 +1,10 @@
 package dev.engine_room.flywheel.vanilla;
 
-import com.mojang.blaze3d.vertex.PoseStack;
+import org.joml.Matrix4f;
 
 import dev.engine_room.flywheel.api.visualization.VisualizationContext;
 import dev.engine_room.flywheel.lib.instance.TransformedInstance;
+import net.minecraft.client.model.geom.ModelLayers;
 import net.minecraft.client.renderer.texture.OverlayTexture;
 import net.minecraft.util.Mth;
 import net.minecraft.world.entity.vehicle.MinecartTNT;
@@ -12,11 +13,11 @@ public class TntMinecartVisual<T extends MinecartTNT> extends MinecartVisual<T>
 	private static final int WHITE_OVERLAY = OverlayTexture.pack(OverlayTexture.u(1.0F), 10);
 
 	public TntMinecartVisual(VisualizationContext ctx, T entity, float partialTick) {
-		super(ctx, entity, partialTick, TNT_BODY_MODEL);
+		super(ctx, entity, partialTick, ModelLayers.TNT_MINECART);
 	}
 
 	@Override
-	protected void updateContents(TransformedInstance contents, PoseStack stack, float partialTick) {
+	protected void updateContents(TransformedInstance contents, Matrix4f pose, float partialTick) {
 		int fuseTime = entity.getFuse();
 		if (fuseTime > -1 && (float) fuseTime - partialTick + 1.0F < 10.0F) {
 			float f = 1.0F - ((float) fuseTime - partialTick + 1.0F) / 10.0F;
@@ -24,7 +25,7 @@ public class TntMinecartVisual<T extends MinecartTNT> extends MinecartVisual<T>
 			f *= f;
 			f *= f;
 			float scale = 1.0F + f * 0.3F;
-			stack.scale(scale, scale, scale);
+			pose.scale(scale);
 		}
 
 		int overlay;
@@ -34,7 +35,7 @@ public class TntMinecartVisual<T extends MinecartTNT> extends MinecartVisual<T>
 			overlay = OverlayTexture.NO_OVERLAY;
 		}
 
-		contents.setTransform(stack)
+		contents.setTransform(pose)
 				.overlay(overlay)
 				.setChanged();
 	}

common/src/main/java/dev/engine_room/flywheel/vanilla/VanillaVisuals.java

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ package dev.engine_room.flywheel.vanilla;
 import static dev.engine_room.flywheel.lib.visualization.SimpleBlockEntityVisualizer.builder;
 import static dev.engine_room.flywheel.lib.visualization.SimpleEntityVisualizer.builder;
 
+import net.minecraft.client.model.geom.ModelLayers;
 import net.minecraft.world.entity.EntityType;
 import net.minecraft.world.level.block.entity.BlockEntityType;
 
@@ -47,27 +48,27 @@ public class VanillaVisuals {
 				.apply();
 
 		builder(EntityType.CHEST_MINECART)
-				.factory((ctx, entity, partialTick) -> new MinecartVisual<>(ctx, entity, partialTick, MinecartVisual.CHEST_BODY_MODEL))
+				.factory((ctx, entity, partialTick) -> new MinecartVisual<>(ctx, entity, partialTick, ModelLayers.CHEST_MINECART))
 				.skipVanillaRender(MinecartVisual::shouldSkipRender)
 				.apply();
 		builder(EntityType.COMMAND_BLOCK_MINECART)
-				.factory((ctx, entity, partialTick) -> new MinecartVisual<>(ctx, entity, partialTick, MinecartVisual.COMMAND_BLOCK_BODY_MODEL))
+				.factory((ctx, entity, partialTick) -> new MinecartVisual<>(ctx, entity, partialTick, ModelLayers.COMMAND_BLOCK_MINECART))
 				.skipVanillaRender(MinecartVisual::shouldSkipRender)
 				.apply();
 		builder(EntityType.FURNACE_MINECART)
-				.factory((ctx, entity, partialTick) -> new MinecartVisual<>(ctx, entity, partialTick, MinecartVisual.FURNACE_BODY_MODEL))
+				.factory((ctx, entity, partialTick) -> new MinecartVisual<>(ctx, entity, partialTick, ModelLayers.FURNACE_MINECART))
 				.skipVanillaRender(MinecartVisual::shouldSkipRender)
 				.apply();
 		builder(EntityType.HOPPER_MINECART)
-				.factory((ctx, entity, partialTick) -> new MinecartVisual<>(ctx, entity, partialTick, MinecartVisual.HOPPER_BODY_MODEL))
+				.factory((ctx, entity, partialTick) -> new MinecartVisual<>(ctx, entity, partialTick, ModelLayers.HOPPER_MINECART))
 				.skipVanillaRender(MinecartVisual::shouldSkipRender)
 				.apply();
 		builder(EntityType.MINECART)
-				.factory((ctx, entity, partialTick) -> new MinecartVisual<>(ctx, entity, partialTick, MinecartVisual.STANDARD_BODY_MODEL))
+				.factory((ctx, entity, partialTick) -> new MinecartVisual<>(ctx, entity, partialTick, ModelLayers.MINECART))
 				.skipVanillaRender(MinecartVisual::shouldSkipRender)
 				.apply();
 		builder(EntityType.SPAWNER_MINECART)
-				.factory((ctx, entity, partialTick) -> new MinecartVisual<>(ctx, entity, partialTick, MinecartVisual.SPAWNER_BODY_MODEL))
+				.factory((ctx, entity, partialTick) -> new MinecartVisual<>(ctx, entity, partialTick, ModelLayers.SPAWNER_MINECART))
 				.skipVanillaRender(MinecartVisual::shouldSkipRender)
 				.apply();
 		builder(EntityType.TNT_MINECART)