Shaded shader

- Rename MaterialManager -> InstancerManager and Material ->
InstancerFactory
- Create Material class consisting of RenderType and shader files
- Make ModelSuppliers use Materials as keys instead of RenderTypes
- Move diffuse calculation from context shaders to material/shaded.vert
- Merge used templates directly into compilers and remove template
classes

src/main/java/com/jozufozu/flywheel/Flywheel.java

@@ -13,7 +13,8 @@ import com.jozufozu.flywheel.core.Models;
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.core.PartialModel;
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.core.StitchedSprite;
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.core.compile.ProgramCompiler;
-import com.jozufozu.flywheel.core.materials.InstanceShaders;
+import com.jozufozu.flywheel.core.material.MaterialShaders;
+import com.jozufozu.flywheel.core.structs.InstanceShaders;
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.core.vertex.LayoutShaders;
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.event.ReloadRenderersEvent;
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.mixin.PausedPartialTickAccessor;
@@ -77,6 +78,7 @@ public class Flywheel {
 
 		modEventBus.addListener(LayoutShaders::flwInit);
 		modEventBus.addListener(InstanceShaders::flwInit);
+		modEventBus.addListener(MaterialShaders::flwInit);
 		modEventBus.addListener(Contexts::flwInit);
 		modEventBus.addListener(PartialModel::onModelRegistry);
 		modEventBus.addListener(PartialModel::onModelBake);

src/main/java/com/jozufozu/flywheel/api/InstancerFactory.java

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ package com.jozufozu.flywheel.api;
 
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.core.model.ModelSupplier;
 
-public interface Material<D extends InstanceData> {
+public interface InstancerFactory<D extends InstanceData> {
 
 	/**
 	 * Get an instancer for the given model. Calling this method twice with the same key will return the same instancer.

src/main/java/com/jozufozu/flywheel/api/InstancerManager.java

@@ -4,9 +4,9 @@ import com.jozufozu.flywheel.api.struct.StructType;
 
 import net.minecraft.core.Vec3i;
 
-public interface MaterialManager {
+public interface InstancerManager {
 
-	<D extends InstanceData> Material<D> material(StructType<D> type);
+	<D extends InstanceData> InstancerFactory<D> factory(StructType<D> type);
 
 	Vec3i getOriginCoordinate();
 

src/main/java/com/jozufozu/flywheel/api/MaterialGroup.java

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ package com.jozufozu.flywheel.api;
 
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.api.struct.StructType;
 
+@Deprecated
 public interface MaterialGroup {
 	/**
 	 * Get the material as defined by the given {@link StructType type}.
@@ -10,5 +11,5 @@ public interface MaterialGroup {
 	 * @param <D>  The type representing the per instance data.
 	 * @return A material you can use to render models.
 	 */
-	<D extends InstanceData> Material<D> material(StructType<D> spec);
+	<D extends InstanceData> InstancerFactory<D> material(StructType<D> spec);
 }

src/main/java/com/jozufozu/flywheel/api/material/Material.java

@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+package com.jozufozu.flywheel.api.material;
+
+import java.util.function.Supplier;
+
+import com.jozufozu.flywheel.core.source.FileResolution;
+
+import net.minecraft.client.renderer.RenderType;
+
+public class Material {
+	protected final RenderType renderType;
+	protected final Supplier<FileResolution> vertexShader;
+	protected final Supplier<FileResolution> fragmentShader;
+
+	public Material(RenderType renderType, Supplier<FileResolution> vertexShader, Supplier<FileResolution> fragmentShader) {
+		this.renderType = renderType;
+		this.vertexShader = vertexShader;
+		this.fragmentShader = fragmentShader;
+	}
+
+	public RenderType getRenderType() {
+		return renderType;
+	}
+
+	public FileResolution getVertexShader() {
+		return vertexShader.get();
+	}
+
+	public FileResolution getFragmentShader() {
+		return fragmentShader.get();
+	}
+}

src/main/java/com/jozufozu/flywheel/backend/instancing/AbstractInstance.java

@@ -3,12 +3,12 @@ package com.jozufozu.flywheel.backend.instancing;
 import java.util.Arrays;
 import java.util.stream.Stream;
 
-import com.jozufozu.flywheel.api.MaterialManager;
+import com.jozufozu.flywheel.api.InstancerManager;
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.api.instance.DynamicInstance;
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.api.instance.Instance;
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.api.instance.TickableInstance;
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.backend.instancing.blockentity.BlockEntityInstanceManager;
-import com.jozufozu.flywheel.core.materials.FlatLit;
+import com.jozufozu.flywheel.core.structs.FlatLit;
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.light.LightListener;
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.light.LightProvider;
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.light.ListenerStatus;
@@ -24,12 +24,12 @@ import net.minecraft.world.level.LightLayer;
  */
 public abstract class AbstractInstance implements Instance, LightListener {
 
-	protected final MaterialManager materialManager;
+	protected final InstancerManager instancerManager;
-	public final Level world;
+	public final Level level;
 
-	public AbstractInstance(MaterialManager materialManager, Level world) {
+	public AbstractInstance(InstancerManager instancerManager, Level level) {
-		this.materialManager = materialManager;
+		this.instancerManager = instancerManager;
-		this.world = world;
+		this.level = level;
 	}
 
 	/**
@@ -88,11 +88,11 @@ public abstract class AbstractInstance implements Instance, LightListener {
 	}
 
 	protected void relight(BlockPos pos, FlatLit<?>... models) {
-		relight(world.getBrightness(LightLayer.BLOCK, pos), world.getBrightness(LightLayer.SKY, pos), models);
+		relight(level.getBrightness(LightLayer.BLOCK, pos), level.getBrightness(LightLayer.SKY, pos), models);
 	}
 
 	protected <L extends FlatLit<?>> void relight(BlockPos pos, Stream<L> models) {
-		relight(world.getBrightness(LightLayer.BLOCK, pos), world.getBrightness(LightLayer.SKY, pos), models);
+		relight(level.getBrightness(LightLayer.BLOCK, pos), level.getBrightness(LightLayer.SKY, pos), models);
 	}
 
 	protected void relight(int block, int sky, FlatLit<?>... models) {

src/main/java/com/jozufozu/flywheel/backend/instancing/Engine.java

@@ -2,8 +2,8 @@ package com.jozufozu.flywheel.backend.instancing;
 
 import java.util.List;
 
-import com.jozufozu.flywheel.api.MaterialManager;
+import com.jozufozu.flywheel.api.InstancerManager;
 
-public interface Engine extends RenderDispatcher, MaterialManager {
+public interface Engine extends RenderDispatcher, InstancerManager {
 	void addDebugInfo(List<String> info);
 }

src/main/java/com/jozufozu/flywheel/backend/instancing/InstanceManager.java

@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ import java.util.Set;
 
 import org.jetbrains.annotations.Nullable;
 
-import com.jozufozu.flywheel.api.MaterialManager;
+import com.jozufozu.flywheel.api.InstancerManager;
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.api.instance.DynamicInstance;
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.api.instance.TickableInstance;
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.backend.Backend;
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ import net.minecraft.core.BlockPos;
 
 public abstract class InstanceManager<T> implements InstancingEngine.OriginShiftListener {
 
-	public final MaterialManager materialManager;
+	public final InstancerManager instancerManager;
 
 	private final Set<T> queuedAdditions;
 	private final Set<T> queuedUpdates;
@@ -39,8 +39,8 @@ public abstract class InstanceManager<T> implements InstancingEngine.OriginShift
 	protected DistanceUpdateLimiter frame;
 	protected DistanceUpdateLimiter tick;
 
-	public InstanceManager(MaterialManager materialManager) {
+	public InstanceManager(InstancerManager instancerManager) {
-		this.materialManager = materialManager;
+		this.instancerManager = instancerManager;
 		this.queuedUpdates = new HashSet<>(64);
 		this.queuedAdditions = new HashSet<>(64);
 		this.instances = new HashMap<>();
@@ -318,7 +318,7 @@ public abstract class InstanceManager<T> implements InstancingEngine.OriginShift
 		instances.remove(obj);
 		dynamicInstances.remove(obj);
 		tickableInstances.remove(obj);
-		LightUpdater.get(instance.world)
+		LightUpdater.get(instance.level)
 				.removeListener(instance);
 	}
 
@@ -329,7 +329,7 @@ public abstract class InstanceManager<T> implements InstancingEngine.OriginShift
 		if (renderer != null) {
 			renderer.init();
 			renderer.updateLight();
-			LightUpdater.get(renderer.world)
+			LightUpdater.get(renderer.level)
 					.addListener(renderer);
 			instances.put(obj, renderer);
 
@@ -356,7 +356,7 @@ public abstract class InstanceManager<T> implements InstancingEngine.OriginShift
 
 	public void detachLightListeners() {
 		for (AbstractInstance value : instances.values()) {
-			LightUpdater.get(value.world).removeListener(value);
+			LightUpdater.get(value.level).removeListener(value);
 		}
 	}
 }

src/main/java/com/jozufozu/flywheel/backend/instancing/InstanceWorld.java

@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ import net.minecraft.world.level.block.entity.BlockEntity;
 /**
  * A manager class for a single world where instancing is supported.
  * <p>
- *     The material manager is shared between the different instance managers.
+ *     The instancer manager is shared between the different instance managers.
  * </p>
  */
 public class InstanceWorld {

src/main/java/com/jozufozu/flywheel/backend/instancing/InstancedRenderRegistry.java

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ import java.util.function.Predicate;
 
 import org.jetbrains.annotations.Nullable;
 
-import com.jozufozu.flywheel.api.MaterialManager;
+import com.jozufozu.flywheel.api.InstancerManager;
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.backend.instancing.blockentity.BlockEntityInstance;
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.backend.instancing.blockentity.BlockEntityInstancingController;
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.backend.instancing.blockentity.BlockEntityTypeExtension;
@@ -48,34 +48,34 @@ public class InstancedRenderRegistry {
 
 	/**
 	 * Creates an instance for the given block entity, if possible.
-	 * @param materialManager The material manager to use.
+	 * @param instancerManager The instancer manager to use.
 	 * @param blockEntity The block entity to create an instance of.
 	 * @param <T> The type of the block entity.
 	 * @return An instance of the block entity, or {@code null} if the block entity cannot be instanced.
 	 */
 	@Nullable
-	public static <T extends BlockEntity> BlockEntityInstance<? super T> createInstance(MaterialManager materialManager, T blockEntity) {
+	public static <T extends BlockEntity> BlockEntityInstance<? super T> createInstance(InstancerManager instancerManager, T blockEntity) {
 		BlockEntityInstancingController<? super T> controller = getController(getType(blockEntity));
 		if (controller == null) {
 			return null;
 		}
-		return controller.createInstance(materialManager, blockEntity);
+		return controller.createInstance(instancerManager, blockEntity);
 	}
 
 	/**
 	 * Creates an instance for the given entity, if possible.
-	 * @param materialManager The material manager to use.
+	 * @param instancerManager The instancer manager to use.
 	 * @param entity The entity to create an instance of.
 	 * @param <T> The type of the entity.
 	 * @return An instance of the entity, or {@code null} if the entity cannot be instanced.
 	 */
 	@Nullable
-	public static <T extends Entity> EntityInstance<? super T> createInstance(MaterialManager materialManager, T entity) {
+	public static <T extends Entity> EntityInstance<? super T> createInstance(InstancerManager instancerManager, T entity) {
 		EntityInstancingController<? super T> controller = getController(getType(entity));
 		if (controller == null) {
 			return null;
 		}
-		return controller.createInstance(materialManager, entity);
+		return controller.createInstance(instancerManager, entity);
 	}
 
 	/**
@@ -194,7 +194,7 @@ public class InstancedRenderRegistry {
 	 */
 	public static class BlockEntityConfig<T extends BlockEntity> {
 		protected BlockEntityType<T> type;
-		protected BiFunction<MaterialManager, T, BlockEntityInstance<? super T>> instanceFactory;
+		protected BiFunction<InstancerManager, T, BlockEntityInstance<? super T>> instanceFactory;
 		protected Predicate<T> skipRender;
 
 		public BlockEntityConfig(BlockEntityType<T> type) {
@@ -206,7 +206,7 @@ public class InstancedRenderRegistry {
 		 * @param instanceFactory The instance factory.
 		 * @return {@code this}
 		 */
-		public BlockEntityConfig<T> factory(BiFunction<MaterialManager, T, BlockEntityInstance<? super T>> instanceFactory) {
+		public BlockEntityConfig<T> factory(BiFunction<InstancerManager, T, BlockEntityInstance<? super T>> instanceFactory) {
 			this.instanceFactory = instanceFactory;
 			return this;
 		}
@@ -251,7 +251,7 @@ public class InstancedRenderRegistry {
 	 */
 	public static class EntityConfig<T extends Entity> {
 		protected EntityType<T> type;
-		protected BiFunction<MaterialManager, T, EntityInstance<? super T>> instanceFactory;
+		protected BiFunction<InstancerManager, T, EntityInstance<? super T>> instanceFactory;
 		protected Predicate<T> skipRender;
 
 		public EntityConfig(EntityType<T> type) {
@@ -263,7 +263,7 @@ public class InstancedRenderRegistry {
 		 * @param instanceFactory The instance factory.
 		 * @return {@code this}
 		 */
-		public EntityConfig<T> factory(BiFunction<MaterialManager, T, EntityInstance<? super T>> instanceFactory) {
+		public EntityConfig<T> factory(BiFunction<InstancerManager, T, EntityInstance<? super T>> instanceFactory) {
 			this.instanceFactory = instanceFactory;
 			return this;
 		}

src/main/java/com/jozufozu/flywheel/backend/instancing/batching/BatchedMaterialGroup.java

@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ public class BatchedMaterialGroup implements MaterialGroup {
 
 	protected final RenderType state;
 
-	private final Map<Batched<? extends InstanceData>, BatchedMaterial<?>> materials = new HashMap<>();
+	private final Map<Batched<? extends InstanceData>, CPUInstancerFactory<?>> materials = new HashMap<>();
 	private int vertexCount;
 	private int instanceCount;
 
@@ -27,9 +27,9 @@ public class BatchedMaterialGroup implements MaterialGroup {
 
 	@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
 	@Override
-	public <D extends InstanceData> BatchedMaterial<D> material(StructType<D> type) {
+	public <D extends InstanceData> CPUInstancerFactory<D> material(StructType<D> type) {
 		if (type instanceof Batched<D> batched) {
-			return (BatchedMaterial<D>) materials.computeIfAbsent(batched, BatchedMaterial::new);
+			return (CPUInstancerFactory<D>) materials.computeIfAbsent(batched, CPUInstancerFactory::new);
 		} else {
 			throw new ClassCastException("Cannot use type '" + type + "' with CPU instancing.");
 		}
@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ public class BatchedMaterialGroup implements MaterialGroup {
 	}
 
 	public void clear() {
-		materials.values().forEach(BatchedMaterial::clear);
+		materials.values().forEach(CPUInstancerFactory::clear);
 	}
 
 	public void delete() {

src/main/java/com/jozufozu/flywheel/backend/instancing/batching/BatchingEngine.java

@@ -21,16 +21,16 @@ import net.minecraft.core.Vec3i;
 
 public class BatchingEngine implements Engine {
 
-	private final Map<Batched<? extends InstanceData>, BatchedMaterial<?>> materials = new HashMap<>();
+	private final Map<Batched<? extends InstanceData>, CPUInstancerFactory<?>> factories = new HashMap<>();
 	private final BatchDrawingTracker batchTracker = new BatchDrawingTracker();
 
 	@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
 	@Override
-	public <D extends InstanceData> BatchedMaterial<D> material(StructType<D> type) {
+	public <D extends InstanceData> CPUInstancerFactory<D> factory(StructType<D> type) {
 		if (type instanceof Batched<D> batched) {
-			return (BatchedMaterial<D>) materials.computeIfAbsent(batched, BatchedMaterial::new);
+			return (CPUInstancerFactory<D>) factories.computeIfAbsent(batched, CPUInstancerFactory::new);
 		} else {
-			throw new ClassCastException("Cannot use type '" + type + "' with batching.");
+			throw new ClassCastException("Cannot use type '" + type + "' with CPU instancing.");
 		}
 	}
 
@@ -46,7 +46,6 @@ public class BatchingEngine implements Engine {
 
 	@Override
 	public void renderAllRemaining(TaskEngine taskEngine, RenderContext context) {
-
 //		vertexCount = 0;
 //		instanceCount = 0;
 //		for (BatchedMaterial<?> material : materials.values()) {

src/main/java/com/jozufozu/flywheel/backend/instancing/batching/CPUInstancerFactory.java

@@ -5,18 +5,18 @@ import java.util.Map;
 
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.api.InstanceData;
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.api.Instancer;
-import com.jozufozu.flywheel.api.Material;
+import com.jozufozu.flywheel.api.InstancerFactory;
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.api.struct.Batched;
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.core.model.ModelSupplier;
 import com.mojang.blaze3d.vertex.PoseStack;
 import com.mojang.blaze3d.vertex.VertexConsumer;
 
-public class BatchedMaterial<D extends InstanceData> implements Material<D> {
+public class CPUInstancerFactory<D extends InstanceData> implements InstancerFactory<D> {
 
 	protected final Map<ModelSupplier, CPUInstancer<D>> models;
 	private final Batched<D> type;
 
-	public BatchedMaterial(Batched<D> type) {
+	public CPUInstancerFactory(Batched<D> type) {
 		this.type = type;
 
 		this.models = new HashMap<>();

src/main/java/com/jozufozu/flywheel/backend/instancing/blockentity/BlockEntityInstance.java

@@ -1,13 +1,13 @@
 package com.jozufozu.flywheel.backend.instancing.blockentity;
 
-import com.jozufozu.flywheel.api.Material;
+import com.jozufozu.flywheel.api.InstancerFactory;
-import com.jozufozu.flywheel.api.MaterialManager;
+import com.jozufozu.flywheel.api.InstancerManager;
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.api.instance.DynamicInstance;
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.api.instance.TickableInstance;
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.backend.instancing.AbstractInstance;
-import com.jozufozu.flywheel.core.materials.Materials;
+import com.jozufozu.flywheel.core.structs.StructTypes;
-import com.jozufozu.flywheel.core.materials.model.ModelData;
+import com.jozufozu.flywheel.core.structs.model.ModelData;
-import com.jozufozu.flywheel.core.materials.oriented.OrientedData;
+import com.jozufozu.flywheel.core.structs.oriented.OrientedData;
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.util.box.GridAlignedBB;
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.util.box.ImmutableBox;
 
@@ -39,12 +39,12 @@ public abstract class BlockEntityInstance<T extends BlockEntity> extends Abstrac
 	protected final BlockPos instancePos;
 	protected final BlockState blockState;
 
-	public BlockEntityInstance(MaterialManager materialManager, T blockEntity) {
+	public BlockEntityInstance(InstancerManager instancerManager, T blockEntity) {
-		super(materialManager, blockEntity.getLevel());
+		super(instancerManager, blockEntity.getLevel());
 		this.blockEntity = blockEntity;
 		this.pos = blockEntity.getBlockPos();
 		this.blockState = blockEntity.getBlockState();
-		this.instancePos = pos.subtract(materialManager.getOriginCoordinate());
+		this.instancePos = pos.subtract(instancerManager.getOriginCoordinate());
 	}
 
 	/**
@@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ public abstract class BlockEntityInstance<T extends BlockEntity> extends Abstrac
 	 * represents should be rendered at to appear in the correct location.
 	 */
 	public BlockPos getInstancePosition() {
-		return pos.subtract(materialManager.getOriginCoordinate());
+		return pos.subtract(instancerManager.getOriginCoordinate());
 	}
 
 	@Override
@@ -76,12 +76,12 @@ public abstract class BlockEntityInstance<T extends BlockEntity> extends Abstrac
 		return pos;
 	}
 
-	protected Material<ModelData> getTransformMaterial() {
+	protected InstancerFactory<ModelData> getTransformFactory() {
-        return materialManager.material(Materials.TRANSFORMED);
+        return instancerManager.factory(StructTypes.MODEL);
     }
 
-	protected Material<OrientedData> getOrientedMaterial() {
+	protected InstancerFactory<OrientedData> getOrientedFactory() {
-        return materialManager.material(Materials.ORIENTED);
+        return instancerManager.factory(StructTypes.ORIENTED);
 	}
 
 	@Override

src/main/java/com/jozufozu/flywheel/backend/instancing/blockentity/BlockEntityInstanceManager.java

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 package com.jozufozu.flywheel.backend.instancing.blockentity;
 
-import com.jozufozu.flywheel.api.MaterialManager;
+import com.jozufozu.flywheel.api.InstancerManager;
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.backend.Backend;
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.backend.instancing.AbstractInstance;
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.backend.instancing.InstanceManager;
@@ -13,8 +13,8 @@ import net.minecraft.world.level.block.entity.BlockEntity;
 
 public class BlockEntityInstanceManager extends InstanceManager<BlockEntity> {
 
-	public BlockEntityInstanceManager(MaterialManager materialManager) {
+	public BlockEntityInstanceManager(InstancerManager instancerManager) {
-		super(materialManager);
+		super(instancerManager);
 	}
 
 	@Override
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ public class BlockEntityInstanceManager extends InstanceManager<BlockEntity> {
 
 	@Override
 	protected AbstractInstance createRaw(BlockEntity obj) {
-		return InstancedRenderRegistry.createInstance(materialManager, obj);
+		return InstancedRenderRegistry.createInstance(instancerManager, obj);
 	}
 
 	@Override

src/main/java/com/jozufozu/flywheel/backend/instancing/blockentity/BlockEntityInstancingController.java

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 package com.jozufozu.flywheel.backend.instancing.blockentity;
 
-import com.jozufozu.flywheel.api.MaterialManager;
+import com.jozufozu.flywheel.api.InstancerManager;
 
 import net.minecraft.world.level.block.entity.BlockEntity;
 
@@ -10,12 +10,12 @@ import net.minecraft.world.level.block.entity.BlockEntity;
  */
 public interface BlockEntityInstancingController<T extends BlockEntity> {
 	/**
-	 * Given a block entity and a material manager, constructs an instance for the block entity.
+	 * Given a block entity and an instancer manager, constructs an instance for the block entity.
-	 * @param materialManager The material manager to use.
+	 * @param instancerManager The instancer manager to use.
 	 * @param blockEntity The block entity to construct an instance for.
 	 * @return The instance.
 	 */
-	BlockEntityInstance<? super T> createInstance(MaterialManager materialManager, T blockEntity);
+	BlockEntityInstance<? super T> createInstance(InstancerManager instancerManager, T blockEntity);
 
 	/**
 	 * Checks if the given block entity should not be rendered normally.

src/main/java/com/jozufozu/flywheel/backend/instancing/blockentity/SimpleBlockEntityInstancingController.java

@@ -3,22 +3,22 @@ package com.jozufozu.flywheel.backend.instancing.blockentity;
 import java.util.function.BiFunction;
 import java.util.function.Predicate;
 
-import com.jozufozu.flywheel.api.MaterialManager;
+import com.jozufozu.flywheel.api.InstancerManager;
 
 import net.minecraft.world.level.block.entity.BlockEntity;
 
 public class SimpleBlockEntityInstancingController<T extends BlockEntity> implements BlockEntityInstancingController<T> {
-	protected BiFunction<MaterialManager, T, BlockEntityInstance<? super T>> instanceFactory;
+	protected BiFunction<InstancerManager, T, BlockEntityInstance<? super T>> instanceFactory;
 	protected Predicate<T> skipRender;
 
-	public SimpleBlockEntityInstancingController(BiFunction<MaterialManager, T, BlockEntityInstance<? super T>> instanceFactory, Predicate<T> skipRender) {
+	public SimpleBlockEntityInstancingController(BiFunction<InstancerManager, T, BlockEntityInstance<? super T>> instanceFactory, Predicate<T> skipRender) {
 		this.instanceFactory = instanceFactory;
 		this.skipRender = skipRender;
 	}
 
 	@Override
-	public BlockEntityInstance<? super T> createInstance(MaterialManager materialManager, T blockEntity) {
+	public BlockEntityInstance<? super T> createInstance(InstancerManager instancerManager, T blockEntity) {
-		return instanceFactory.apply(materialManager, blockEntity);
+		return instanceFactory.apply(instancerManager, blockEntity);
 	}
 
 	@Override

src/main/java/com/jozufozu/flywheel/backend/instancing/entity/EntityInstance.java

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 package com.jozufozu.flywheel.backend.instancing.entity;
 
-import com.jozufozu.flywheel.api.MaterialManager;
+import com.jozufozu.flywheel.api.InstancerManager;
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.api.instance.DynamicInstance;
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.api.instance.TickableInstance;
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.backend.instancing.AbstractInstance;
@@ -39,8 +39,8 @@ public abstract class EntityInstance<E extends Entity> extends AbstractInstance
 	protected final E entity;
 	protected final GridAlignedBB bounds;
 
-	public EntityInstance(MaterialManager materialManager, E entity) {
+	public EntityInstance(InstancerManager instancerManager, E entity) {
-		super(materialManager, entity.level);
+		super(instancerManager, entity.level);
 		this.entity = entity;
 		bounds = GridAlignedBB.from(entity.getBoundingBox());
 	}
@@ -72,7 +72,7 @@ public abstract class EntityInstance<E extends Entity> extends AbstractInstance
 	 */
 	public Vector3f getInstancePosition() {
 		Vec3 pos = entity.position();
-		Vec3i origin = materialManager.getOriginCoordinate();
+		Vec3i origin = instancerManager.getOriginCoordinate();
 		return new Vector3f((float) (pos.x - origin.getX()), (float) (pos.y - origin.getY()), (float) (pos.z - origin.getZ()));
 	}
 
@@ -85,7 +85,7 @@ public abstract class EntityInstance<E extends Entity> extends AbstractInstance
 	 */
 	public Vector3f getInstancePosition(float partialTicks) {
 		Vec3 pos = entity.position();
-		Vec3i origin = materialManager.getOriginCoordinate();
+		Vec3i origin = instancerManager.getOriginCoordinate();
 		return new Vector3f(
 				(float) (Mth.lerp(partialTicks, entity.xOld, pos.x) - origin.getX()),
 				(float) (Mth.lerp(partialTicks, entity.yOld, pos.y) - origin.getY()),

src/main/java/com/jozufozu/flywheel/backend/instancing/entity/EntityInstanceManager.java

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 package com.jozufozu.flywheel.backend.instancing.entity;
 
-import com.jozufozu.flywheel.api.MaterialManager;
+import com.jozufozu.flywheel.api.InstancerManager;
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.backend.Backend;
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.backend.instancing.AbstractInstance;
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.backend.instancing.InstanceManager;
@@ -13,8 +13,8 @@ import net.minecraft.world.level.Level;
 
 public class EntityInstanceManager extends InstanceManager<Entity> {
 
-	public EntityInstanceManager(MaterialManager materialManager) {
+	public EntityInstanceManager(InstancerManager instancerManager) {
-		super(materialManager);
+		super(instancerManager);
 	}
 
 	@Override
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ public class EntityInstanceManager extends InstanceManager<Entity> {
 
 	@Override
 	protected AbstractInstance createRaw(Entity obj) {
-		return InstancedRenderRegistry.createInstance(materialManager, obj);
+		return InstancedRenderRegistry.createInstance(instancerManager, obj);
 	}
 
 	@Override

src/main/java/com/jozufozu/flywheel/backend/instancing/entity/EntityInstancingController.java

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 package com.jozufozu.flywheel.backend.instancing.entity;
 
-import com.jozufozu.flywheel.api.MaterialManager;
+import com.jozufozu.flywheel.api.InstancerManager;
 
 import net.minecraft.world.entity.Entity;
 
@@ -10,12 +10,12 @@ import net.minecraft.world.entity.Entity;
  */
 public interface EntityInstancingController<T extends Entity> {
 	/**
-	 * Given an entity and a material manager, constructs an instance for the entity.
+	 * Given an entity and an instancer manager, constructs an instance for the entity.
-	 * @param materialManager The material manager to use.
+	 * @param instancerManager The instancer manager to use.
 	 * @param entity The entity to construct an instance for.
 	 * @return The instance.
 	 */
-	EntityInstance<? super T> createInstance(MaterialManager materialManager, T entity);
+	EntityInstance<? super T> createInstance(InstancerManager instancerManager, T entity);
 
 	/**
 	 * Checks if the given entity should not render normally.

src/main/java/com/jozufozu/flywheel/backend/instancing/entity/SimpleEntityInstancingController.java

@@ -3,22 +3,22 @@ package com.jozufozu.flywheel.backend.instancing.entity;
 import java.util.function.BiFunction;
 import java.util.function.Predicate;
 
-import com.jozufozu.flywheel.api.MaterialManager;
+import com.jozufozu.flywheel.api.InstancerManager;
 
 import net.minecraft.world.entity.Entity;
 
 public class SimpleEntityInstancingController<T extends Entity> implements EntityInstancingController<T> {
-	protected BiFunction<MaterialManager, T, EntityInstance<? super T>> instanceFactory;
+	protected BiFunction<InstancerManager, T, EntityInstance<? super T>> instanceFactory;
 	protected Predicate<T> skipRender;
 
-	public SimpleEntityInstancingController(BiFunction<MaterialManager, T, EntityInstance<? super T>> instanceFactory, Predicate<T> skipRender) {
+	public SimpleEntityInstancingController(BiFunction<InstancerManager, T, EntityInstance<? super T>> instanceFactory, Predicate<T> skipRender) {
 		this.instanceFactory = instanceFactory;
 		this.skipRender = skipRender;
 	}
 
 	@Override
-	public EntityInstance<? super T> createInstance(MaterialManager materialManager, T entity) {
+	public EntityInstance<? super T> createInstance(InstancerManager instancerManager, T entity) {
-		return instanceFactory.apply(materialManager, entity);
+		return instanceFactory.apply(instancerManager, entity);
 	}
 
 	@Override

src/main/java/com/jozufozu/flywheel/backend/instancing/instancing/GPUInstancerFactory.java

@@ -6,10 +6,12 @@ import java.util.List;
 import java.util.Map;
 
 import com.google.common.collect.ArrayListMultimap;
+import com.google.common.collect.HashMultimap;
 import com.google.common.collect.Multimap;
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.api.InstanceData;
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.api.Instancer;
-import com.jozufozu.flywheel.api.Material;
+import com.jozufozu.flywheel.api.InstancerFactory;
+import com.jozufozu.flywheel.api.material.Material;
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.api.struct.Instanced;
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.backend.model.MeshPool;
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.core.model.ModelSupplier;
@@ -20,16 +22,17 @@ import net.minecraft.client.renderer.RenderType;
  * A collection of Instancers that all have the same format.
  * @param <D>
  */
-public class InstancedMaterial<D extends InstanceData> implements Material<D> {
+public class GPUInstancerFactory<D extends InstanceData> implements InstancerFactory<D> {
 
 	protected final Map<ModelSupplier, InstancedModel<D>> models = new HashMap<>();
 	protected final Instanced<D> type;
 
 	protected final List<InstancedModel<D>> uninitialized = new ArrayList<>();
 
-	protected final Multimap<RenderType, Renderable> renderables = ArrayListMultimap.create();
+	protected final Multimap<RenderType, Material> materials = HashMultimap.create();
+	protected final Multimap<Material, Renderable> renderables = ArrayListMultimap.create();
 
-	public InstancedMaterial(Instanced<D> type) {
+	public GPUInstancerFactory(Instanced<D> type) {
 		this.type = type;
 	}
 
@@ -56,6 +59,7 @@ public class InstancedMaterial<D extends InstanceData> implements Material<D> {
 	public void delete() {
 		models.values().forEach(InstancedModel::delete);
 		models.clear();
+		materials.clear();
 		renderables.clear();
 	}
 
@@ -71,10 +75,12 @@ public class InstancedMaterial<D extends InstanceData> implements Material<D> {
 
 	public void init(MeshPool allocator) {
 		for (var instanced : uninitialized) {
-
 			var map = instanced.init(allocator);
 
-			map.forEach((type, renderable) -> renderables.get(type).add(renderable));
+			map.forEach((material, renderable) -> {
+				materials.put(material.getRenderType(), material);
+				renderables.get(material).add(renderable);
+			});
 		}
 		uninitialized.clear();
 	}

src/main/java/com/jozufozu/flywheel/backend/instancing/instancing/InstancedModel.java

@@ -4,26 +4,25 @@ import java.util.Map;
 
 import com.google.common.collect.ImmutableMap;
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.api.InstanceData;
+import com.jozufozu.flywheel.api.material.Material;
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.backend.gl.GlVertexArray;
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.backend.model.MeshPool;
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.core.model.Mesh;
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.core.model.ModelSupplier;
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.util.Pair;
 
-import net.minecraft.client.renderer.RenderType;
-
 public class InstancedModel<D extends InstanceData> {
 
 	final GPUInstancer<D> instancer;
 	final ModelSupplier model;
-	private Map<RenderType, Layer> layers;
+	private Map<Material, Layer> layers;
 
 	public InstancedModel(GPUInstancer<D> instancer, ModelSupplier model) {
 		this.instancer = instancer;
 		this.model = model;
 	}
 
-	public Map<RenderType, ? extends Renderable> init(MeshPool allocator) {
+	public Map<Material, ? extends Renderable> init(MeshPool allocator) {
 		instancer.init();
 
 		layers = model.get()
@@ -38,12 +37,12 @@ public class InstancedModel<D extends InstanceData> {
 
 	private class Layer implements Renderable {
 
-		final RenderType type;
+		final Material material;
 		MeshPool.BufferedMesh bufferedMesh;
 		GlVertexArray vao;
 
-		private Layer(MeshPool allocator, RenderType type, Mesh mesh) {
+		private Layer(MeshPool allocator, Material material, Mesh mesh) {
-			this.type = type;
+			this.material = material;
 			vao = new GlVertexArray();
 			bufferedMesh = allocator.alloc(mesh, vao);
 			instancer.attributeBaseIndex = bufferedMesh.getAttributeCount();

src/main/java/com/jozufozu/flywheel/backend/instancing/instancing/InstancingEngine.java

@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ import java.util.Set;
 import org.jetbrains.annotations.NotNull;
 
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.api.InstanceData;
+import com.jozufozu.flywheel.api.material.Material;
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.api.struct.Instanced;
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.api.struct.StructType;
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.backend.instancing.Engine;
@@ -44,7 +45,7 @@ public class InstancingEngine<P extends WorldProgram> implements Engine {
 	protected final ProgramCompiler<P> context;
 	private MeshPool allocator;
 
-	protected final Map<Instanced<? extends InstanceData>, InstancedMaterial<?>> materials = new HashMap<>();
+	protected final Map<Instanced<? extends InstanceData>, GPUInstancerFactory<?>> factories = new HashMap<>();
 
 	protected final Set<RenderType> toRender = new HashSet<>();
 
@@ -61,9 +62,9 @@ public class InstancingEngine<P extends WorldProgram> implements Engine {
 	@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
 	@NotNull
 	@Override
-	public <D extends InstanceData> InstancedMaterial<D> material(StructType<D> type) {
+	public <D extends InstanceData> GPUInstancerFactory<D> factory(StructType<D> type) {
 		if (type instanceof Instanced<D> instanced) {
-			return (InstancedMaterial<D>) materials.computeIfAbsent(instanced, InstancedMaterial::new);
+			return (GPUInstancerFactory<D>) factories.computeIfAbsent(instanced, GPUInstancerFactory::new);
 		} else {
 			throw new ClassCastException("Cannot use type '" + type + "' with GPU instancing.");
 		}
@@ -87,7 +88,6 @@ public class InstancingEngine<P extends WorldProgram> implements Engine {
 
 	@Override
 	public void renderSpecificType(TaskEngine taskEngine, RenderContext context, RenderType type) {
-
 		var camX = context.camX() - originCoordinate.getX();
 		var camY = context.camY() - originCoordinate.getY();
 		var camZ = context.camZ() - originCoordinate.getZ();
@@ -109,21 +109,23 @@ public class InstancingEngine<P extends WorldProgram> implements Engine {
 		Textures.bindActiveTextures();
 		CoreShaderInfo coreShaderInfo = getCoreShaderInfo();
 
-		for (Map.Entry<Instanced<? extends InstanceData>, InstancedMaterial<?>> entry : materials.entrySet()) {
+		for (Map.Entry<Instanced<? extends InstanceData>, GPUInstancerFactory<?>> entry : factories.entrySet()) {
-			InstancedMaterial<?> material = entry.getValue();
+			Instanced<? extends InstanceData> instanceType = entry.getKey();
+			GPUInstancerFactory<?> factory = entry.getValue();
 
-			var toRender = material.renderables.get(type);
+			var materials = factory.materials.get(type);
-			toRender.removeIf(Renderable::shouldRemove);
+			for (Material material : materials) {
+				var toRender = factory.renderables.get(material);
+				toRender.removeIf(Renderable::shouldRemove);
 
-			if (!toRender.isEmpty()) {
+				if (!toRender.isEmpty()) {
-				Instanced<? extends InstanceData> instanceType = entry.getKey();
+					setup(instanceType, material, coreShaderInfo, camX, camY, camZ, viewProjection, level);
 
-				setup(instanceType, coreShaderInfo, camX, camY, camZ, viewProjection, level);
+					instanceCount += factory.getInstanceCount();
+					vertexCount += factory.getVertexCount();
 
-				instanceCount += material.getInstanceCount();
+					toRender.forEach(Renderable::render);
-				vertexCount += material.getVertexCount();
+				}
-
-				toRender.forEach(Renderable::render);
 			}
 		}
 
@@ -145,7 +147,7 @@ public class InstancingEngine<P extends WorldProgram> implements Engine {
 		return coreShaderInfo;
 	}
 
-	protected P setup(Instanced<?> instanceType, CoreShaderInfo coreShaderInfo, double camX, double camY, double camZ, Matrix4f viewProjection, ClientLevel level) {
+	protected P setup(Instanced<?> instanceType, Material material, CoreShaderInfo coreShaderInfo, double camX, double camY, double camZ, Matrix4f viewProjection, ClientLevel level) {
 		float alphaDiscard = coreShaderInfo.alphaDiscard();
 		if (alphaDiscard == 0) {
 			alphaDiscard = 0.0001f;
@@ -153,7 +155,7 @@ public class InstancingEngine<P extends WorldProgram> implements Engine {
 			alphaDiscard = 0;
 		}
 
-		P program = context.getProgram(new ProgramContext(Formats.POS_TEX_NORMAL, instanceType.getInstanceShader(), alphaDiscard, coreShaderInfo.fogType(), GameStateRegistry.takeSnapshot()));
+		P program = context.getProgram(new ProgramContext(Formats.POS_TEX_NORMAL, instanceType.getInstanceShader(), material.getVertexShader(), material.getFragmentShader(), alphaDiscard, coreShaderInfo.fogType(), GameStateRegistry.takeSnapshot()));
 
 		program.bind();
 		program.uploadUniforms(camX, camY, camZ, viewProjection, level);
@@ -162,15 +164,15 @@ public class InstancingEngine<P extends WorldProgram> implements Engine {
 	}
 
 	public void clearAll() {
-		materials.values().forEach(InstancedMaterial::clear);
+		factories.values().forEach(GPUInstancerFactory::clear);
 	}
 
 	@Override
 	public void delete() {
-		materials.values()
+		factories.values()
-				.forEach(InstancedMaterial::delete);
+				.forEach(GPUInstancerFactory::delete);
 
-		materials.clear();
+		factories.clear();
 	}
 
 	@Override
@@ -193,10 +195,10 @@ public class InstancingEngine<P extends WorldProgram> implements Engine {
 
 		MeshPool allocator = getModelAllocator();
 
-		for (InstancedMaterial<?> material : materials.values()) {
+		for (GPUInstancerFactory<?> factory : factories.values()) {
-			material.init(allocator);
+			factory.init(allocator);
 
-			toRender.addAll(material.renderables.keySet());
+			toRender.addAll(factory.materials.keySet());
 		}
 
 		allocator.flush();
@@ -221,7 +223,7 @@ public class InstancingEngine<P extends WorldProgram> implements Engine {
 	private void shiftListeners(int cX, int cY, int cZ) {
 		originCoordinate = new BlockPos(cX, cY, cZ);
 
-		materials.values().forEach(InstancedMaterial::clear);
+		factories.values().forEach(GPUInstancerFactory::clear);
 
 		listeners.forEach(OriginShiftListener::onOriginShift);
 	}

src/main/java/com/jozufozu/flywheel/core/BasicModelSupplier.java

@@ -5,6 +5,8 @@ import java.util.Map;
 import org.jetbrains.annotations.NotNull;
 
 import com.google.common.collect.ImmutableMap;
+import com.jozufozu.flywheel.api.material.Material;
+import com.jozufozu.flywheel.core.material.MaterialShaders;
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.core.model.Mesh;
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.core.model.ModelSupplier;
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.util.Lazy;
@@ -13,31 +15,28 @@ import com.jozufozu.flywheel.util.NonNullSupplier;
 import net.minecraft.client.renderer.RenderType;
 
 public class BasicModelSupplier implements ModelSupplier {
+	private static final Material DEFAULT_MATERIAL = new Material(RenderType.solid(), () -> MaterialShaders.DEFAULT_VERTEX, () -> MaterialShaders.DEFAULT_FRAGMENT);
 
-	private RenderType renderType;
+	private Material material;
 	private final Lazy<Mesh> supplier;
 
 	public BasicModelSupplier(NonNullSupplier<Mesh> supplier) {
-		this(supplier, RenderType.solid());
+		this(supplier, DEFAULT_MATERIAL);
 	}
 
-	public BasicModelSupplier(NonNullSupplier<Mesh> supplier, RenderType renderType) {
+	public BasicModelSupplier(NonNullSupplier<Mesh> supplier, Material material) {
 		this.supplier = Lazy.of(supplier);
-		this.renderType = renderType;
+		this.material = material;
 	}
 
-	public BasicModelSupplier setCutout() {
+	public BasicModelSupplier setMaterial(@NotNull Material material) {
-		return setRenderType(RenderType.cutoutMipped());
+		this.material = material;
-	}
-
-	public BasicModelSupplier setRenderType(@NotNull RenderType renderType) {
-		this.renderType = renderType;
 		return this;
 	}
 
 	@Override
-	public Map<RenderType, Mesh> get() {
+	public Map<Material, Mesh> get() {
-		return ImmutableMap.of(renderType, supplier.get());
+		return ImmutableMap.of(material, supplier.get());
 	}
 
 	public int getVertexCount() {
@@ -47,7 +46,7 @@ public class BasicModelSupplier implements ModelSupplier {
 
 	@Override
 	public String toString() {
-		return "ModelSupplier{" + supplier.map(Mesh::name)
+		return "BasicModelSupplier{" + supplier.map(Mesh::name)
 				.orElse("Uninitialized") + '}';
 	}
 }

src/main/java/com/jozufozu/flywheel/core/Contexts.java

@@ -25,8 +25,8 @@ public class Contexts {
 		FileResolution crumblingVertex = Resolver.INSTANCE.get(ResourceUtil.subPath(Names.CRUMBLING, ".vert"));
 		FileResolution crumblingFragment = Resolver.INSTANCE.get(ResourceUtil.subPath(Names.CRUMBLING, ".frag"));
 
-		WORLD = ProgramCompiler.create(WorldProgram::new, Templates.INSTANCING, Templates.FRAGMENT, worldVertex, worldFragment);
+		WORLD = ProgramCompiler.create(WorldProgram::new, worldVertex, worldFragment);
-		CRUMBLING = ProgramCompiler.create(CrumblingProgram::new, Templates.INSTANCING, Templates.FRAGMENT, crumblingVertex, crumblingFragment);
+		CRUMBLING = ProgramCompiler.create(CrumblingProgram::new, crumblingVertex, crumblingFragment);
 	}
 
 	public static class Names {

src/main/java/com/jozufozu/flywheel/core/Templates.java

@@ -1,13 +0,0 @@
-package com.jozufozu.flywheel.core;
-
-import com.jozufozu.flywheel.backend.gl.GLSLVersion;
-import com.jozufozu.flywheel.core.compile.FragmentTemplateData;
-import com.jozufozu.flywheel.core.compile.InstancingTemplateData;
-import com.jozufozu.flywheel.core.compile.OneShotTemplateData;
-import com.jozufozu.flywheel.core.compile.Template;
-
-public class Templates {
-	public static final Template<InstancingTemplateData> INSTANCING = new Template<>(GLSLVersion.V330, InstancingTemplateData::new);
-	public static final Template<OneShotTemplateData> ONE_SHOT = new Template<>(GLSLVersion.V150, OneShotTemplateData::new);
-	public static final Template<FragmentTemplateData> FRAGMENT = new Template<>(GLSLVersion.V150, FragmentTemplateData::new);
-}

src/main/java/com/jozufozu/flywheel/core/compile/FragmentCompiler.java

@@ -1,7 +1,10 @@
 package com.jozufozu.flywheel.core.compile;
 
 import java.util.Objects;
+import java.util.Optional;
 
+import com.google.common.collect.ImmutableList;
+import com.jozufozu.flywheel.backend.gl.GLSLVersion;
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.backend.gl.shader.GlShader;
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.backend.gl.shader.ShaderType;
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.core.CoreShaderInfoMap.CoreShaderInfo.FogType;
@@ -9,13 +12,16 @@ import com.jozufozu.flywheel.core.shader.ShaderConstants;
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.core.shader.StateSnapshot;
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.core.source.FileIndexImpl;
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.core.source.FileResolution;
+import com.jozufozu.flywheel.core.source.ShaderLoadingException;
+import com.jozufozu.flywheel.core.source.SourceFile;
+import com.jozufozu.flywheel.core.source.error.ErrorReporter;
+import com.jozufozu.flywheel.core.source.parse.ShaderFunction;
+import com.jozufozu.flywheel.core.source.parse.Variable;
 
 public class FragmentCompiler extends Memoizer<FragmentCompiler.Context, GlShader> {
-	private final Template<? extends FragmentData> template;
 	private final FileResolution contextShader;
 
-	public FragmentCompiler(Template<? extends FragmentData> template, FileResolution contextShader) {
+	public FragmentCompiler(FileResolution contextShader) {
-		this.template = template;
 		this.contextShader = contextShader;
 	}
 
@@ -23,21 +29,77 @@ public class FragmentCompiler extends Memoizer<FragmentCompiler.Context, GlShade
 	protected GlShader _create(Context key) {
 		StringBuilder finalSource = new StringBuilder();
 
-		finalSource.append(CompileUtil.generateHeader(template.getVersion(), ShaderType.FRAGMENT));
+		finalSource.append(CompileUtil.generateHeader(GLSLVersion.V150, ShaderType.FRAGMENT));
 
 		key.getShaderConstants().writeInto(finalSource);
 		finalSource.append('\n');
 
 		FileIndexImpl index = new FileIndexImpl();
 
-		contextShader.getFile().generateFinalSource(index, finalSource);
+		//
 
-		FragmentData appliedTemplate = template.apply(contextShader.getFile());
+		SourceFile materialShader = key.materialShader;
-		finalSource.append(appliedTemplate.generateFooter());
+
+		Optional<ShaderFunction> maybeMaterialFragment = materialShader.findFunction("flw_materialFragment");
+
+		if (maybeMaterialFragment.isEmpty()) {
+			ErrorReporter.generateMissingFunction(materialShader, "flw_materialFragment", "\"flw_materialFragment\" function not defined");
+			throw new ShaderLoadingException();
+		}
+
+		ShaderFunction materialFragment = maybeMaterialFragment.get();
+		ImmutableList<Variable> params = materialFragment.getParameters();
+
+		if (params.size() != 0) {
+			ErrorReporter.generateSpanError(materialFragment.getArgs(), "\"flw_materialFragment\" function must not have any arguments");
+			throw new ShaderLoadingException();
+		}
+
+		materialShader.generateFinalSource(index, finalSource);
+
+		//
+
+		SourceFile contextShaderSource = contextShader.getFile();
+
+		Optional<ShaderFunction> maybeContextFragment = contextShaderSource.findFunction("flw_contextFragment");
+
+		if (maybeContextFragment.isEmpty()) {
+			ErrorReporter.generateMissingFunction(contextShaderSource, "flw_contextFragment", "\"flw_contextFragment\" function not defined");
+			throw new ShaderLoadingException();
+		}
+
+		ShaderFunction contextFragment = maybeContextFragment.get();
+		params = contextFragment.getParameters();
+
+		if (params.size() != 0) {
+			ErrorReporter.generateSpanError(contextFragment.getArgs(), "\"flw_contextFragment\" function must not have any arguments");
+			throw new ShaderLoadingException();
+		}
+
+		contextShaderSource.generateFinalSource(index, finalSource);
+
+		//
+
+		finalSource.append(generateFooter());
 
 		return new GlShader(contextShader.getFile().name, ShaderType.FRAGMENT, finalSource.toString());
 	}
 
+	protected String generateFooter() {
+		StringBuilder footer = new StringBuilder();
+
+		footer.append("""
+				void main() {
+					flw_materialFragment();
+
+				    flw_contextFragment();
+				}
+				"""
+		);
+
+		return footer.toString();
+	}
+
 	@Override
 	protected void _destroy(GlShader value) {
 		value.delete();
@@ -48,9 +110,9 @@ public class FragmentCompiler extends Memoizer<FragmentCompiler.Context, GlShade
 	 */
 	public static final class Context {
 		/**
-		 * The shader constants to apply.
+		 * The fragment material shader source.
 		 */
-		private final StateSnapshot ctx;
+		private final SourceFile materialShader;
 
 		/**
 		 * Alpha threshold below which fragments are discarded.
@@ -62,7 +124,13 @@ public class FragmentCompiler extends Memoizer<FragmentCompiler.Context, GlShade
 		 */
 		private final FogType fogType;
 
-		public Context(float alphaDiscard, FogType fogType, StateSnapshot ctx) {
+		/**
+		 * The shader constants to apply.
+		 */
+		private final StateSnapshot ctx;
+
+		public Context(SourceFile materialShader, float alphaDiscard, FogType fogType, StateSnapshot ctx) {
+			this.materialShader = materialShader;
 			this.alphaDiscard = alphaDiscard;
 			this.fogType = fogType;
 			this.ctx = ctx;
@@ -84,18 +152,17 @@ public class FragmentCompiler extends Memoizer<FragmentCompiler.Context, GlShade
 			if (obj == this) return true;
 			if (obj == null || obj.getClass() != this.getClass()) return false;
 			var that = (Context) obj;
-			return Objects.equals(this.ctx, that.ctx) && Float.floatToIntBits(this.alphaDiscard) == Float.floatToIntBits(that.alphaDiscard) && fogType == that.fogType;
+			return materialShader == that.materialShader && Objects.equals(this.ctx, that.ctx) && Float.floatToIntBits(this.alphaDiscard) == Float.floatToIntBits(that.alphaDiscard) && fogType == that.fogType;
 		}
 
 		@Override
 		public int hashCode() {
-			return Objects.hash(alphaDiscard, fogType, ctx);
+			return Objects.hash(materialShader, alphaDiscard, fogType, ctx);
 		}
 
 		@Override
 		public String toString() {
-			return "Context[" + "alphaDiscard=" + alphaDiscard + ", " + "fogType=" + fogType + ", " + "ctx=" + ctx + ']';
+			return "Context[" + "materialShader=" + materialShader + ", " + "alphaDiscard=" + alphaDiscard + ", " + "fogType=" + fogType + ", " + "ctx=" + ctx + ']';
 		}
-
 	}
 }

src/main/java/com/jozufozu/flywheel/core/compile/FragmentData.java

@@ -1,8 +0,0 @@
-package com.jozufozu.flywheel.core.compile;
-
-public interface FragmentData {
-	/**
-	 * Generate the necessary glue code here.
-	 */
-	String generateFooter();
-}

src/main/java/com/jozufozu/flywheel/core/compile/FragmentTemplateData.java

@@ -1,48 +0,0 @@
-package com.jozufozu.flywheel.core.compile;
-
-import java.util.Optional;
-
-import com.google.common.collect.ImmutableList;
-import com.jozufozu.flywheel.core.source.ShaderLoadingException;
-import com.jozufozu.flywheel.core.source.SourceFile;
-import com.jozufozu.flywheel.core.source.error.ErrorReporter;
-import com.jozufozu.flywheel.core.source.parse.ShaderFunction;
-import com.jozufozu.flywheel.core.source.parse.Variable;
-
-public class FragmentTemplateData implements FragmentData {
-	public final SourceFile file;
-	public final ShaderFunction contextFragment;
-
-	public FragmentTemplateData(SourceFile file) {
-		this.file = file;
-
-		Optional<ShaderFunction> maybeContextFragment = file.findFunction("flw_contextFragment");
-
-		if (maybeContextFragment.isEmpty()) {
-			ErrorReporter.generateMissingFunction(file, "flw_contextFragment", "\"flw_contextFragment\" function not defined");
-			throw new ShaderLoadingException();
-		}
-
-		contextFragment = maybeContextFragment.get();
-		ImmutableList<Variable> params = contextFragment.getParameters();
-
-		if (params.size() != 0) {
-			ErrorReporter.generateSpanError(contextFragment.getArgs(), "\"flw_contextFragment\" function must not have any arguments");
-			throw new ShaderLoadingException();
-		}
-	}
-
-	@Override
-	public String generateFooter() {
-		StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder();
-
-		builder.append("""
-				void main() {
-				    flw_contextFragment();
-				}
-				"""
-		);
-
-		return builder.toString();
-	}
-}

src/main/java/com/jozufozu/flywheel/core/compile/InstancingTemplateData.java

@@ -1,109 +0,0 @@
-package com.jozufozu.flywheel.core.compile;
-
-import java.util.Optional;
-
-import com.google.common.collect.ImmutableList;
-import com.jozufozu.flywheel.api.vertex.VertexType;
-import com.jozufozu.flywheel.core.source.FileIndex;
-import com.jozufozu.flywheel.core.source.ShaderLoadingException;
-import com.jozufozu.flywheel.core.source.SourceFile;
-import com.jozufozu.flywheel.core.source.error.ErrorReporter;
-import com.jozufozu.flywheel.core.source.parse.ShaderFunction;
-import com.jozufozu.flywheel.core.source.parse.ShaderStruct;
-import com.jozufozu.flywheel.core.source.parse.StructField;
-import com.jozufozu.flywheel.core.source.parse.Variable;
-import com.jozufozu.flywheel.core.source.span.Span;
-
-public class InstancingTemplateData implements VertexData {
-	public final SourceFile file;
-	public final ShaderFunction instanceVertex;
-	public final Span instanceName;
-	public final ShaderStruct instance;
-
-	public InstancingTemplateData(SourceFile file) {
-		this.file = file;
-
-		Optional<ShaderFunction> maybeInstanceVertex = file.findFunction("flw_instanceVertex");
-
-		if (maybeInstanceVertex.isEmpty()) {
-			ErrorReporter.generateMissingFunction(file, "flw_instanceVertex", "\"flw_instanceVertex\" function not defined");
-			throw new ShaderLoadingException();
-		}
-
-		instanceVertex = maybeInstanceVertex.get();
-		ImmutableList<Variable> params = instanceVertex.getParameters();
-
-		if (params.size() != 1) {
-			ErrorReporter.generateSpanError(instanceVertex.getArgs(), "\"flw_contextFragment\" function must have exactly 1 argument");
-			throw new ShaderLoadingException();
-		}
-
-		instanceName = params.get(0).type;
-		Optional<ShaderStruct> maybeInstance = file.findStruct(instanceName);
-
-		if (maybeInstance.isEmpty()) {
-			ErrorReporter.generateMissingStruct(file, instanceName, "struct not defined");
-			throw new ShaderLoadingException();
-		}
-
-		instance = maybeInstance.get();
-	}
-
-	@Override
-	public String generateFooter(FileIndex shader, VertexType vertexType) {
-		ImmutableList<StructField> fields = instance.getFields();
-
-		int attributeBinding = vertexType.getLayout()
-				.getAttributeCount();
-
-		StringBuilder template = new StringBuilder();
-
-		for (StructField field : fields) {
-			template.append("layout(location = ")
-					.append(attributeBinding)
-					.append(") in")
-					.append(' ')
-					.append(field.type)
-					.append(' ')
-					.append("_flw_a_i_")
-					.append(field.name)
-					.append(";\n");
-			attributeBinding += CompileUtil.getAttributeCount(field.type);
-		}
-		template.append('\n');
-
-		template.append(String.format("""
-						void main() {
-							flw_layoutVertex();
-
-							%s instance;
-							%s
-							flw_instanceVertex(instance);
-
-							flw_contextVertex();
-						}
-						""",
-				instanceName,
-				assignFields(instance, "instance.", "_flw_a_i_")
-		));
-
-		return template.toString();
-	}
-
-	public static StringBuilder assignFields(ShaderStruct struct, String prefix1, String prefix2) {
-		ImmutableList<StructField> fields = struct.getFields();
-
-		StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder();
-
-		for (StructField field : fields) {
-			builder.append(prefix1)
-					.append(field.name)
-					.append(" = ")
-					.append(prefix2)
-					.append(field.name)
-					.append(";\n");
-		}
-
-		return builder;
-	}
-}

src/main/java/com/jozufozu/flywheel/core/compile/OneShotTemplateData.java

@@ -1,73 +0,0 @@
-package com.jozufozu.flywheel.core.compile;
-
-import java.util.Optional;
-
-import com.google.common.collect.ImmutableList;
-import com.jozufozu.flywheel.api.vertex.VertexType;
-import com.jozufozu.flywheel.core.source.FileIndex;
-import com.jozufozu.flywheel.core.source.ShaderLoadingException;
-import com.jozufozu.flywheel.core.source.SourceFile;
-import com.jozufozu.flywheel.core.source.error.ErrorReporter;
-import com.jozufozu.flywheel.core.source.parse.ShaderFunction;
-import com.jozufozu.flywheel.core.source.parse.Variable;
-
-public class OneShotTemplateData implements VertexData {
-
-	public final SourceFile file;
-	public final ShaderFunction vertexMain;
-
-	public OneShotTemplateData(SourceFile file) {
-		this.file = file;
-
-		Optional<ShaderFunction> maybeVertexMain = file.findFunction("vertex");
-
-		if (maybeVertexMain.isEmpty()) {
-			ErrorReporter.generateFileError(file, "could not find \"vertex\" function");
-			throw new RuntimeException();
-		}
-
-		vertexMain = maybeVertexMain.get();
-		ImmutableList<Variable> vertexParameters = vertexMain.getParameters();
-
-		if (vertexParameters.size() != 1) {
-			ErrorReporter.generateSpanError(vertexMain.getArgs(), "a basic model requires vertex function to have one argument");
-			throw new RuntimeException();
-		}
-
-		Variable vertexParam = vertexMain.getParameters().get(0);
-
-		boolean namedVertex = vertexParam.type
-				.toString()
-				.equals("Vertex");
-
-		if (!(namedVertex && vertexParam.qualifier == Variable.Qualifier.INOUT)) {
-			ErrorReporter.generateSpanError(vertexParam.qualifierSpan, "first parameter must be inout Vertex");
-			throw new ShaderLoadingException();
-		}
-	}
-
-	@Override
-    public String generateFooter(FileIndex file, VertexType vertexType) {
-		return """
-				out vec4 v2f_color;
-				out vec2 v2f_texCoords;
-				out vec2 v2f_light;
-				out float v2f_diffuse;
-
-				void main() {
-					Vertex v = FLWCreateVertex();
-					vertex(v);
-					gl_Position = FLWVertex(v);
-					v.normal = normalize(v.normal);
-
-					v2f_color = v.color;
-					v2f_texCoords = v.texCoords;
-					v2f_light = v.light;
-					v2f_diffuse = FLWDiffuse(v.normal);
-					#if defined(DEBUG_NORMAL)
-					v2f_color = vec4(v.normal, 1.);
-					#endif
-				}
-				""";
-    }
-}

src/main/java/com/jozufozu/flywheel/core/compile/ProgramCompiler.java

@@ -34,15 +34,13 @@ public class ProgramCompiler<P extends GlProgram> extends Memoizer<ProgramContex
 	/**
 	 * Creates a program compiler using provided templates and headers.
 	 * @param factory A factory to add meaning to compiled programs.
-	 * @param vertexTemplate The vertex template to use.
-	 * @param fragmentTemplate The fragment template to use.
 	 * @param vertexContextShader The context shader to use when compiling vertex shaders.
 	 * @param fragmentContextShader The context shader to use when compiling fragment shaders.
 	 * @param <P> The type of program to compile.
 	 * @return A program compiler.
 	 */
-	public static <V extends VertexData, F extends FragmentData, P extends GlProgram> ProgramCompiler<P> create(GlProgram.Factory<P> factory, Template<V> vertexTemplate, Template<F> fragmentTemplate, FileResolution vertexContextShader, FileResolution fragmentContextShader) {
+	public static <P extends GlProgram> ProgramCompiler<P> create(GlProgram.Factory<P> factory, FileResolution vertexContextShader, FileResolution fragmentContextShader) {
-		return new ProgramCompiler<>(factory, new VertexCompiler(vertexTemplate, vertexContextShader), new FragmentCompiler(fragmentTemplate, fragmentContextShader));
+		return new ProgramCompiler<>(factory, new VertexCompiler(vertexContextShader), new FragmentCompiler(fragmentContextShader));
 	}
 
 	/**
@@ -65,8 +63,8 @@ public class ProgramCompiler<P extends GlProgram> extends Memoizer<ProgramContex
 	@Override
 	protected P _create(ProgramContext ctx) {
 		return new ProgramAssembler(ctx.instanceShader.getFileLoc())
-				.attachShader(vertexCompiler.get(new VertexCompiler.Context(ctx.vertexType, ctx.instanceShader.getFile(), ctx.ctx)))
+				.attachShader(vertexCompiler.get(new VertexCompiler.Context(ctx.vertexType, ctx.instanceShader.getFile(), ctx.vertexMaterialShader.getFile(), ctx.ctx)))
-				.attachShader(fragmentCompiler.get(new FragmentCompiler.Context(ctx.alphaDiscard, ctx.fogType, ctx.ctx)))
+				.attachShader(fragmentCompiler.get(new FragmentCompiler.Context(ctx.fragmentMaterialShader.getFile(), ctx.alphaDiscard, ctx.fogType, ctx.ctx)))
 				.link()
 				.build(this.factory);
 	}

src/main/java/com/jozufozu/flywheel/core/compile/ProgramContext.java

@@ -14,20 +14,26 @@ public final class ProgramContext {
 
 	public final VertexType vertexType;
 	public final FileResolution instanceShader;
+	public final FileResolution vertexMaterialShader;
+	public final FileResolution fragmentMaterialShader;
 	public final float alphaDiscard;
 	public final FogType fogType;
 	public final StateSnapshot ctx;
 
 	/**
-	 * @param vertexType   	The vertexType the program should be adapted for.
+	 * @param vertexType              The vertexType the program should be adapted for.
-	 * @param spec			The program to use.
+	 * @param instanceShader          The instance shader to use.
-	 * @param alphaDiscard 	Alpha threshold below which pixels are discarded.
+	 * @param vertexMaterialShader    The vertex material shader to use.
-	 * @param fogType       Which type of fog should be applied.
+	 * @param fragmentMaterialShader  The fragment material shader to use.
-	 * @param ctx          	A snapshot of the game state.
+	 * @param alphaDiscard            Alpha threshold below which pixels are discarded.
+	 * @param fogType                 Which type of fog should be applied.
+	 * @param ctx                     A snapshot of the game state.
 	 */
-	public ProgramContext(VertexType vertexType, FileResolution instanceShader, float alphaDiscard, FogType fogType, StateSnapshot ctx) {
+	public ProgramContext(VertexType vertexType, FileResolution instanceShader, FileResolution vertexMaterialShader, FileResolution fragmentMaterialShader, float alphaDiscard, FogType fogType, StateSnapshot ctx) {
 		this.vertexType = vertexType;
 		this.instanceShader = instanceShader;
+		this.vertexMaterialShader = vertexMaterialShader;
+		this.fragmentMaterialShader = fragmentMaterialShader;
 		this.alphaDiscard = alphaDiscard;
 		this.fogType = fogType;
 		this.ctx = ctx;
@@ -38,16 +44,16 @@ public final class ProgramContext {
 		if (this == o) return true;
 		if (o == null || getClass() != o.getClass()) return false;
 		var that = (ProgramContext) o;
-		return instanceShader == that.instanceShader && vertexType == that.vertexType && ctx.equals(that.ctx) && Float.floatToIntBits(alphaDiscard) == Float.floatToIntBits(that.alphaDiscard) && fogType == that.fogType;
+		return vertexType == that.vertexType && instanceShader == that.instanceShader && vertexMaterialShader == that.vertexMaterialShader && fragmentMaterialShader == that.fragmentMaterialShader && ctx.equals(that.ctx) && Float.floatToIntBits(alphaDiscard) == Float.floatToIntBits(that.alphaDiscard) && fogType == that.fogType;
 	}
 
 	@Override
 	public int hashCode() {
-		return Objects.hash(vertexType, instanceShader, alphaDiscard, fogType, ctx);
+		return Objects.hash(vertexType, instanceShader, vertexMaterialShader, fragmentMaterialShader, alphaDiscard, fogType, ctx);
 	}
 
 	@Override
 	public String toString() {
-		return "ProgramContext{" + "vertexType=" + vertexType + ", instanceShader=" + instanceShader + ", alphaDiscard=" + alphaDiscard + ", fogType=" + fogType + ", ctx=" + ctx + '}';
+		return "ProgramContext{" + "vertexType=" + vertexType + ", instanceShader=" + instanceShader + ", vertexMaterialShader=" + vertexMaterialShader + ", fragmentMaterialShader=" + fragmentMaterialShader + ", alphaDiscard=" + alphaDiscard + ", fogType=" + fogType + ", ctx=" + ctx + '}';
 	}
 }

src/main/java/com/jozufozu/flywheel/core/compile/Template.java

@@ -1,52 +0,0 @@
-package com.jozufozu.flywheel.core.compile;
-
-import java.util.function.Function;
-
-import com.jozufozu.flywheel.backend.gl.GLSLVersion;
-import com.jozufozu.flywheel.core.source.SourceFile;
-
-/**
- * A class that generates glsl glue code given a SourceFile.
- *
- * <p>
- *     Shader files are written somewhat abstractly. Subclasses of Template handle those abstractions, using SourceFile
- *     metadata to generate shader code that OpenGL can use to call into our shader programs.
- * </p>
- */
-public class Template<T> extends Memoizer<SourceFile, T> {
-
-	private final Function<SourceFile, T> reader;
-	private final GLSLVersion glslVersion;
-
-	public Template(GLSLVersion glslVersion, Function<SourceFile, T> reader) {
-		this.reader = reader;
-		this.glslVersion = glslVersion;
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Verify that the given SourceFile is valid for this Template and return the metadata.
-	 * @param file The SourceFile to apply this Template to.
-	 * @return The applied template metadata.
-	 */
-	public T apply(SourceFile file) {
-		// lazily read files, cache results
-		return super.get(file);
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * @return The GLSL version this template requires.
-	 */
-	public GLSLVersion getVersion() {
-		return glslVersion;
-	}
-
-	@Override
-	protected T _create(SourceFile key) {
-		return reader.apply(key);
-	}
-
-	@Override
-	protected void _destroy(T value) {
-		// noop
-	}
-}

src/main/java/com/jozufozu/flywheel/core/compile/VertexCompiler.java

@@ -1,21 +1,29 @@
 package com.jozufozu.flywheel.core.compile;
 
 import java.util.Objects;
+import java.util.Optional;
 
+import com.google.common.collect.ImmutableList;
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.api.vertex.VertexType;
+import com.jozufozu.flywheel.backend.gl.GLSLVersion;
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.backend.gl.shader.GlShader;
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.backend.gl.shader.ShaderType;
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.core.shader.StateSnapshot;
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.core.source.FileIndexImpl;
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.core.source.FileResolution;
+import com.jozufozu.flywheel.core.source.ShaderLoadingException;
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.core.source.SourceFile;
+import com.jozufozu.flywheel.core.source.error.ErrorReporter;
+import com.jozufozu.flywheel.core.source.parse.ShaderFunction;
+import com.jozufozu.flywheel.core.source.parse.ShaderStruct;
+import com.jozufozu.flywheel.core.source.parse.StructField;
+import com.jozufozu.flywheel.core.source.parse.Variable;
+import com.jozufozu.flywheel.core.source.span.Span;
 
 public class VertexCompiler extends Memoizer<VertexCompiler.Context, GlShader> {
-	private final Template<? extends VertexData> template;
 	private final FileResolution contextShader;
 
-	public VertexCompiler(Template<? extends VertexData> template, FileResolution contextShader) {
+	public VertexCompiler(FileResolution contextShader) {
-		this.template = template;
 		this.contextShader = contextShader;
 	}
 
@@ -23,24 +31,171 @@ public class VertexCompiler extends Memoizer<VertexCompiler.Context, GlShader> {
 	protected GlShader _create(Context key) {
 		StringBuilder finalSource = new StringBuilder();
 
-		finalSource.append(CompileUtil.generateHeader(template.getVersion(), ShaderType.VERTEX));
+		finalSource.append(CompileUtil.generateHeader(GLSLVersion.V330, ShaderType.VERTEX));
 
 		key.ctx.getShaderConstants().writeInto(finalSource);
 		finalSource.append('\n');
 
 		FileIndexImpl index = new FileIndexImpl();
 
-		FileResolution layoutShader = key.vertexType.getLayoutShader();
+		//
-		layoutShader.getFile().generateFinalSource(index, finalSource);
 
-		contextShader.getFile().generateFinalSource(index, finalSource);
+		SourceFile layoutShader = key.vertexType.getLayoutShader().getFile();
 
-		key.instanceShader.generateFinalSource(index, finalSource);
+		Optional<ShaderFunction> maybeLayoutVertex = layoutShader.findFunction("flw_layoutVertex");
 
-		VertexData appliedTemplate = template.apply(key.instanceShader);
+		if (maybeLayoutVertex.isEmpty()) {
-		finalSource.append(appliedTemplate.generateFooter(index, key.vertexType));
+			ErrorReporter.generateMissingFunction(layoutShader, "flw_layoutVertex", "\"flw_layoutVertex\" function not defined");
+			throw new ShaderLoadingException();
+		}
 
-		return new GlShader(key.instanceShader.name, ShaderType.VERTEX, finalSource.toString());
+		ShaderFunction layoutVertex = maybeLayoutVertex.get();
+		ImmutableList<Variable> params = layoutVertex.getParameters();
+
+		if (params.size() != 0) {
+			ErrorReporter.generateSpanError(layoutVertex.getArgs(), "\"flw_layoutVertex\" function must not have any arguments");
+			throw new ShaderLoadingException();
+		}
+
+		layoutShader.generateFinalSource(index, finalSource);
+
+		//
+
+		SourceFile instanceShader = key.instanceShader;
+
+		Optional<ShaderFunction> maybeInstanceVertex = instanceShader.findFunction("flw_instanceVertex");
+
+		if (maybeInstanceVertex.isEmpty()) {
+			ErrorReporter.generateMissingFunction(instanceShader, "flw_instanceVertex", "\"flw_instanceVertex\" function not defined");
+			throw new ShaderLoadingException();
+		}
+
+		ShaderFunction instanceVertex = maybeInstanceVertex.get();
+		params = instanceVertex.getParameters();
+
+		if (params.size() != 1) {
+			ErrorReporter.generateSpanError(instanceVertex.getArgs(), "\"flw_instanceVertex\" function must have exactly 1 argument");
+			throw new ShaderLoadingException();
+		}
+
+		Span instanceName = params.get(0).type;
+		Optional<ShaderStruct> maybeInstance = instanceShader.findStruct(instanceName);
+
+		if (maybeInstance.isEmpty()) {
+			ErrorReporter.generateMissingStruct(instanceShader, instanceName, "instance struct not defined");
+			throw new ShaderLoadingException();
+		}
+
+		ShaderStruct instance = maybeInstance.get();
+
+		instanceShader.generateFinalSource(index, finalSource);
+
+		//
+
+		SourceFile materialShader = key.materialShader;
+
+		Optional<ShaderFunction> maybeMaterialVertex = materialShader.findFunction("flw_materialVertex");
+
+		if (maybeMaterialVertex.isEmpty()) {
+			ErrorReporter.generateMissingFunction(materialShader, "flw_materialVertex", "\"flw_materialVertex\" function not defined");
+			throw new ShaderLoadingException();
+		}
+
+		ShaderFunction materialVertex = maybeMaterialVertex.get();
+		params = materialVertex.getParameters();
+
+		if (params.size() != 0) {
+			ErrorReporter.generateSpanError(materialVertex.getArgs(), "\"flw_materialVertex\" function must not have any arguments");
+			throw new ShaderLoadingException();
+		}
+
+		materialShader.generateFinalSource(index, finalSource);
+
+		//
+
+		SourceFile contextShaderSource = contextShader.getFile();
+
+		Optional<ShaderFunction> maybeContextVertex = contextShaderSource.findFunction("flw_contextVertex");
+
+		if (maybeContextVertex.isEmpty()) {
+			ErrorReporter.generateMissingFunction(contextShaderSource, "flw_contextVertex", "\"flw_contextVertex\" function not defined");
+			throw new ShaderLoadingException();
+		}
+
+		ShaderFunction contextVertex = maybeContextVertex.get();
+		params = contextVertex.getParameters();
+
+		if (params.size() != 0) {
+			ErrorReporter.generateSpanError(contextVertex.getArgs(), "\"flw_contextVertex\" function must not have any arguments");
+			throw new ShaderLoadingException();
+		}
+
+		contextShaderSource.generateFinalSource(index, finalSource);
+
+		//
+
+		finalSource.append(generateFooter(key.vertexType, instance));
+
+		return new GlShader(instanceShader.name, ShaderType.VERTEX, finalSource.toString());
+	}
+
+	protected String generateFooter(VertexType vertexType, ShaderStruct instance) {
+		ImmutableList<StructField> fields = instance.getFields();
+
+		int attributeBinding = vertexType.getLayout()
+				.getAttributeCount();
+
+		StringBuilder footer = new StringBuilder();
+
+		for (StructField field : fields) {
+			footer.append("layout(location = ")
+					.append(attributeBinding)
+					.append(") in")
+					.append(' ')
+					.append(field.type)
+					.append(' ')
+					.append("_flw_a_i_")
+					.append(field.name)
+					.append(";\n");
+			attributeBinding += CompileUtil.getAttributeCount(field.type);
+		}
+		footer.append('\n');
+
+		footer.append(String.format("""
+						void main() {
+							flw_layoutVertex();
+
+							%s instance;
+							%s
+							flw_instanceVertex(instance);
+
+							flw_materialVertex();
+
+							flw_contextVertex();
+						}
+						""",
+				instance.name,
+				assignFields(instance, "instance.", "_flw_a_i_")
+		));
+
+		return footer.toString();
+	}
+
+	protected static StringBuilder assignFields(ShaderStruct struct, String prefix1, String prefix2) {
+		ImmutableList<StructField> fields = struct.getFields();
+
+		StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder();
+
+		for (StructField field : fields) {
+			builder.append(prefix1)
+					.append(field.name)
+					.append(" = ")
+					.append(prefix2)
+					.append(field.name)
+					.append(";\n");
+		}
+
+		return builder;
 	}
 
 	@Override
@@ -59,14 +214,20 @@ public class VertexCompiler extends Memoizer<VertexCompiler.Context, GlShader> {
 		 */
 		private final SourceFile instanceShader;
 
+		/**
+		 * The vertex material shader source.
+		 */
+		private final SourceFile materialShader;
+
 		/**
 		 * The shader constants to apply.
 		 */
 		private final StateSnapshot ctx;
 
-		public Context(VertexType vertexType, SourceFile instanceShader, StateSnapshot ctx) {
+		public Context(VertexType vertexType, SourceFile instanceShader, SourceFile materialShader, StateSnapshot ctx) {
 			this.vertexType = vertexType;
 			this.instanceShader = instanceShader;
+			this.materialShader = materialShader;
 			this.ctx = ctx;
 		}
 
@@ -75,12 +236,12 @@ public class VertexCompiler extends Memoizer<VertexCompiler.Context, GlShader> {
 			if (this == o) return true;
 			if (o == null || getClass() != o.getClass()) return false;
 			var that = (Context) o;
-			return vertexType == that.vertexType && instanceShader == that.instanceShader && ctx.equals(that.ctx);
+			return vertexType == that.vertexType && instanceShader == that.instanceShader && materialShader == that.materialShader && ctx.equals(that.ctx);
 		}
 
 		@Override
 		public int hashCode() {
-			return Objects.hash(vertexType, instanceShader, ctx);
+			return Objects.hash(vertexType, instanceShader, materialShader, ctx);
 		}
 	}
 }

src/main/java/com/jozufozu/flywheel/core/compile/VertexData.java

@@ -1,12 +0,0 @@
-package com.jozufozu.flywheel.core.compile;
-
-import com.jozufozu.flywheel.api.vertex.VertexType;
-import com.jozufozu.flywheel.core.source.FileIndex;
-
-public interface VertexData {
-	/**
-	 * Generate the necessary glue code here.
-	 * @param file The SourceFile with user written code.
-	 */
-	String generateFooter(FileIndex file, VertexType vertexType);
-}

src/main/java/com/jozufozu/flywheel/core/crumbling/CrumblingInstanceManager.java

@@ -1,13 +1,13 @@
 package com.jozufozu.flywheel.core.crumbling;
 
-import com.jozufozu.flywheel.api.MaterialManager;
+import com.jozufozu.flywheel.api.InstancerManager;
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.api.instance.DynamicInstance;
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.backend.instancing.blockentity.BlockEntityInstanceManager;
 
 public class CrumblingInstanceManager extends BlockEntityInstanceManager {
 
-	public CrumblingInstanceManager(MaterialManager materialManager) {
+	public CrumblingInstanceManager(InstancerManager instancerManager) {
-		super(materialManager);
+		super(instancerManager);
 	}
 
 	@Override

src/main/java/com/jozufozu/flywheel/core/crumbling/CrumblingRenderer.java

@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ import com.jozufozu.flywheel.backend.Backend;
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.backend.gl.GlTextureUnit;
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.backend.instancing.InstanceManager;
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.backend.instancing.SerialTaskEngine;
-import com.jozufozu.flywheel.backend.instancing.instancing.InstancedMaterial;
+import com.jozufozu.flywheel.backend.instancing.instancing.GPUInstancerFactory;
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.backend.instancing.instancing.InstancingEngine;
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.core.Contexts;
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.core.CoreShaderInfoMap.CoreShaderInfo;
@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ public class CrumblingRenderer {
 
 		State state = STATE.get();
 		var instanceManager = state.instanceManager;
-		var engine = state.materialManager;
+		var engine = state.instancerManager;
 
 		TextureManager textureManager = Minecraft.getInstance().getTextureManager();
 		Camera info = Minecraft.getInstance().gameRenderer.getMainCamera();
@@ -140,17 +140,17 @@ public class CrumblingRenderer {
 	}
 
 	private static class State {
-		private final CrumblingEngine materialManager;
+		private final CrumblingEngine instancerManager;
 		private final InstanceManager<BlockEntity> instanceManager;
 
 		private State() {
-			materialManager = new CrumblingEngine();
+			instancerManager = new CrumblingEngine();
-			instanceManager = new CrumblingInstanceManager(materialManager);
+			instanceManager = new CrumblingInstanceManager(instancerManager);
-			materialManager.addListener(instanceManager);
+			instancerManager.addListener(instanceManager);
 		}
 
 		private void kill() {
-			materialManager.delete();
+			instancerManager.delete();
 			instanceManager.invalidate();
 		}
 	}
@@ -190,10 +190,10 @@ public class CrumblingRenderer {
 			Textures.bindActiveTextures();
 			CoreShaderInfo coreShaderInfo = getCoreShaderInfo();
 
-			for (Map.Entry<Instanced<? extends InstanceData>, InstancedMaterial<?>> entry : materials.entrySet()) {
+			for (Map.Entry<Instanced<? extends InstanceData>, GPUInstancerFactory<?>> entry : factories.entrySet()) {
-				CrumblingProgram program = setup(entry.getKey(), coreShaderInfo, camX, camY, camZ, viewProjection, level);
+				//CrumblingProgram program = setup(entry.getKey(), coreShaderInfo, camX, camY, camZ, viewProjection, level);
 
-				program.setAtlasSize(width, height);
+				//program.setAtlasSize(width, height);
 
 				//entry.getValue().getAllRenderables().forEach(Renderable::draw);
 			}

src/main/java/com/jozufozu/flywheel/core/material/MaterialShaders.java

@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+package com.jozufozu.flywheel.core.material;
+
+import com.jozufozu.flywheel.Flywheel;
+import com.jozufozu.flywheel.core.source.FileResolution;
+import com.jozufozu.flywheel.core.source.Resolver;
+import com.jozufozu.flywheel.event.GatherContextEvent;
+import com.jozufozu.flywheel.util.ResourceUtil;
+
+import net.minecraft.resources.ResourceLocation;
+
+public class MaterialShaders {
+	public static FileResolution DEFAULT_VERTEX;
+	public static FileResolution DEFAULT_FRAGMENT;
+	public static FileResolution SHADED_VERTEX;
+
+	public static void flwInit(GatherContextEvent event) {
+		DEFAULT_VERTEX = Resolver.INSTANCE.get(ResourceUtil.subPath(Names.DEFAULT, ".vert"));
+		DEFAULT_FRAGMENT = Resolver.INSTANCE.get(ResourceUtil.subPath(Names.DEFAULT, ".frag"));
+		SHADED_VERTEX = Resolver.INSTANCE.get(ResourceUtil.subPath(Names.SHADED, ".vert"));
+	}
+
+	public static class Names {
+		public static final ResourceLocation DEFAULT = Flywheel.rl("material/default");
+		public static final ResourceLocation SHADED = Flywheel.rl("material/shaded");
+	}
+}

src/main/java/com/jozufozu/flywheel/core/materials/Materials.java

@@ -1,12 +0,0 @@
-package com.jozufozu.flywheel.core.materials;
-
-import com.jozufozu.flywheel.api.struct.StructType;
-import com.jozufozu.flywheel.core.materials.model.ModelData;
-import com.jozufozu.flywheel.core.materials.model.ModelType;
-import com.jozufozu.flywheel.core.materials.oriented.OrientedData;
-import com.jozufozu.flywheel.core.materials.oriented.OrientedType;
-
-public class Materials {
-	public static final StructType<ModelData> TRANSFORMED = new ModelType();
-	public static final StructType<OrientedData> ORIENTED = new OrientedType();
-}

src/main/java/com/jozufozu/flywheel/core/model/ModelSupplier.java

@@ -2,11 +2,10 @@ package com.jozufozu.flywheel.core.model;
 
 import java.util.Map;
 
-import net.minecraft.client.renderer.RenderType;
+import com.jozufozu.flywheel.api.material.Material;
 
 public interface ModelSupplier {
-
+	Map<Material, Mesh> get();
-	Map<RenderType, Mesh> get();
 
 	int getVertexCount();
 }

src/main/java/com/jozufozu/flywheel/core/structs/BasicData.java

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-package com.jozufozu.flywheel.core.materials;
+package com.jozufozu.flywheel.core.structs;
 
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.api.InstanceData;
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.util.Color;

src/main/java/com/jozufozu/flywheel/core/structs/BasicWriterUnsafe.java

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-package com.jozufozu.flywheel.core.materials;
+package com.jozufozu.flywheel.core.structs;
 
 import org.lwjgl.system.MemoryUtil;
 

src/main/java/com/jozufozu/flywheel/core/structs/FlatLit.java

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-package com.jozufozu.flywheel.core.materials;
+package com.jozufozu.flywheel.core.structs;
 
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.api.InstanceData;
 

src/main/java/com/jozufozu/flywheel/core/structs/InstanceShaders.java

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-package com.jozufozu.flywheel.core.materials;
+package com.jozufozu.flywheel.core.structs;
 
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.Flywheel;
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.core.source.FileResolution;

src/main/java/com/jozufozu/flywheel/core/structs/StructTypes.java

@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+package com.jozufozu.flywheel.core.structs;
+
+import com.jozufozu.flywheel.api.struct.StructType;
+import com.jozufozu.flywheel.core.structs.model.ModelData;
+import com.jozufozu.flywheel.core.structs.model.ModelType;
+import com.jozufozu.flywheel.core.structs.oriented.OrientedData;
+import com.jozufozu.flywheel.core.structs.oriented.OrientedType;
+
+public class StructTypes {
+	public static final StructType<ModelData> MODEL = new ModelType();
+	public static final StructType<OrientedData> ORIENTED = new OrientedType();
+}

src/main/java/com/jozufozu/flywheel/core/structs/model/ModelData.java

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-package com.jozufozu.flywheel.core.materials.model;
+package com.jozufozu.flywheel.core.structs.model;
 
-import com.jozufozu.flywheel.core.materials.BasicData;
+import com.jozufozu.flywheel.core.structs.BasicData;
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.util.transform.Transform;
 import com.mojang.blaze3d.vertex.PoseStack;
 import com.mojang.math.Matrix3f;

src/main/java/com/jozufozu/flywheel/core/structs/model/ModelType.java

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-package com.jozufozu.flywheel.core.materials.model;
+package com.jozufozu.flywheel.core.structs.model;
 
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.api.struct.Batched;
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.api.struct.Instanced;
@@ -6,9 +6,9 @@ import com.jozufozu.flywheel.api.struct.StructWriter;
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.backend.gl.buffer.VecBuffer;
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.core.layout.BufferLayout;
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.core.layout.CommonItems;
-import com.jozufozu.flywheel.core.materials.InstanceShaders;
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.core.model.ModelTransformer;
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.core.source.FileResolution;
+import com.jozufozu.flywheel.core.structs.InstanceShaders;
 
 public class ModelType implements Instanced<ModelData>, Batched<ModelData> {
 

src/main/java/com/jozufozu/flywheel/core/structs/model/ModelWriterUnsafe.java

@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
-package com.jozufozu.flywheel.core.materials.model;
+package com.jozufozu.flywheel.core.structs.model;
 
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.api.struct.StructType;
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.backend.gl.buffer.VecBuffer;
-import com.jozufozu.flywheel.core.materials.BasicWriterUnsafe;
+import com.jozufozu.flywheel.core.structs.BasicWriterUnsafe;
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.util.MatrixWrite;
 
 public class ModelWriterUnsafe extends BasicWriterUnsafe<ModelData> {

src/main/java/com/jozufozu/flywheel/core/structs/model/package-info.java

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 @ParametersAreNonnullByDefault @MethodsReturnNonnullByDefault
-package com.jozufozu.flywheel.core.materials.model;
+package com.jozufozu.flywheel.core.structs.model;
 
 import javax.annotation.ParametersAreNonnullByDefault;
 

src/main/java/com/jozufozu/flywheel/core/structs/oriented/OrientedData.java

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-package com.jozufozu.flywheel.core.materials.oriented;
+package com.jozufozu.flywheel.core.structs.oriented;
 
-import com.jozufozu.flywheel.core.materials.BasicData;
+import com.jozufozu.flywheel.core.structs.BasicData;
 import com.mojang.math.Quaternion;
 import com.mojang.math.Vector3f;
 

src/main/java/com/jozufozu/flywheel/core/structs/oriented/OrientedType.java

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-package com.jozufozu.flywheel.core.materials.oriented;
+package com.jozufozu.flywheel.core.structs.oriented;
 
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.api.struct.Batched;
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.api.struct.Instanced;
@@ -6,9 +6,9 @@ import com.jozufozu.flywheel.api.struct.StructWriter;
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.backend.gl.buffer.VecBuffer;
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.core.layout.BufferLayout;
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.core.layout.CommonItems;
-import com.jozufozu.flywheel.core.materials.InstanceShaders;
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.core.model.ModelTransformer;
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.core.source.FileResolution;
+import com.jozufozu.flywheel.core.structs.InstanceShaders;
 import com.mojang.math.Quaternion;
 
 public class OrientedType implements Instanced<OrientedData>, Batched<OrientedData> {

src/main/java/com/jozufozu/flywheel/core/structs/oriented/OrientedWriterUnsafe.java

@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
-package com.jozufozu.flywheel.core.materials.oriented;
+package com.jozufozu.flywheel.core.structs.oriented;
 
 import org.lwjgl.system.MemoryUtil;
 
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.api.struct.StructType;
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.backend.gl.buffer.VecBuffer;
-import com.jozufozu.flywheel.core.materials.BasicWriterUnsafe;
+import com.jozufozu.flywheel.core.structs.BasicWriterUnsafe;
 
 public class OrientedWriterUnsafe extends BasicWriterUnsafe<OrientedData> {
 	public OrientedWriterUnsafe(VecBuffer backingBuffer, StructType<OrientedData> vertexType) {

src/main/java/com/jozufozu/flywheel/core/structs/oriented/package-info.java

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 @ParametersAreNonnullByDefault @MethodsReturnNonnullByDefault
-package com.jozufozu.flywheel.core.materials.oriented;
+package com.jozufozu.flywheel.core.structs.oriented;
 
 import javax.annotation.ParametersAreNonnullByDefault;
 

src/main/java/com/jozufozu/flywheel/core/structs/package-info.java

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 @ParametersAreNonnullByDefault @MethodsReturnNonnullByDefault
-package com.jozufozu.flywheel.core.materials;
+package com.jozufozu.flywheel.core.structs;
 
 import javax.annotation.ParametersAreNonnullByDefault;
 

src/main/java/com/jozufozu/flywheel/vanilla/BellInstance.java

@@ -2,13 +2,15 @@ package com.jozufozu.flywheel.vanilla;
 
 import org.jetbrains.annotations.NotNull;
 
-import com.jozufozu.flywheel.api.MaterialManager;
+import com.jozufozu.flywheel.api.InstancerManager;
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.api.instance.DynamicInstance;
+import com.jozufozu.flywheel.api.material.Material;
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.backend.instancing.blockentity.BlockEntityInstance;
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.core.BasicModelSupplier;
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.core.hardcoded.ModelPart;
-import com.jozufozu.flywheel.core.materials.Materials;
+import com.jozufozu.flywheel.core.material.MaterialShaders;
-import com.jozufozu.flywheel.core.materials.oriented.OrientedData;
+import com.jozufozu.flywheel.core.structs.StructTypes;
+import com.jozufozu.flywheel.core.structs.oriented.OrientedData;
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.util.AnimationTickHolder;
 import com.mojang.math.Quaternion;
 import com.mojang.math.Vector3f;
@@ -20,14 +22,14 @@ import net.minecraft.world.level.block.entity.BellBlockEntity;
 
 public class BellInstance extends BlockEntityInstance<BellBlockEntity> implements DynamicInstance {
 
-	private static final BasicModelSupplier MODEL = new BasicModelSupplier(BellInstance::createBellModel, Sheets.solidBlockSheet());
+	private static final BasicModelSupplier MODEL = new BasicModelSupplier(BellInstance::createBellModel, new Material(Sheets.solidBlockSheet(), () -> MaterialShaders.SHADED_VERTEX, () -> MaterialShaders.DEFAULT_FRAGMENT));
 
 	private final OrientedData bell;
 
 	private float lastRingTime = Float.NaN;
 
-	public BellInstance(MaterialManager materialManager, BellBlockEntity blockEntity) {
+	public BellInstance(InstancerManager instancerManager, BellBlockEntity blockEntity) {
-		super(materialManager, blockEntity);
+		super(instancerManager, blockEntity);
 
 		bell = createBellInstance()
 				.setPivot(0.5f, 0.75f, 0.5f)
@@ -63,7 +65,7 @@ public class BellInstance extends BlockEntityInstance<BellBlockEntity> implement
 	}
 
 	private OrientedData createBellInstance() {
-		return materialManager.material(Materials.ORIENTED)
+		return instancerManager.factory(StructTypes.ORIENTED)
 				.model(MODEL)
 				.createInstance();
 	}

src/main/java/com/jozufozu/flywheel/vanilla/ChestInstance.java

@@ -5,14 +5,15 @@ import java.util.function.BiFunction;
 
 import org.jetbrains.annotations.NotNull;
 
-import com.jozufozu.flywheel.api.MaterialManager;
+import com.jozufozu.flywheel.api.InstancerManager;
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.api.instance.DynamicInstance;
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.backend.instancing.blockentity.BlockEntityInstance;
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.core.BasicModelSupplier;
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.core.hardcoded.ModelPart;
-import com.jozufozu.flywheel.core.materials.Materials;
+import com.jozufozu.flywheel.core.material.MaterialShaders;
-import com.jozufozu.flywheel.core.materials.model.ModelData;
+import com.jozufozu.flywheel.core.structs.StructTypes;
-import com.jozufozu.flywheel.core.materials.oriented.OrientedData;
+import com.jozufozu.flywheel.core.structs.model.ModelData;
+import com.jozufozu.flywheel.core.structs.oriented.OrientedData;
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.util.AnimationTickHolder;
 import com.mojang.math.Quaternion;
 import com.mojang.math.Vector3f;
@@ -33,8 +34,8 @@ import net.minecraft.world.level.block.state.properties.ChestType;
 
 public class ChestInstance<T extends BlockEntity & LidBlockEntity> extends BlockEntityInstance<T> implements DynamicInstance {
 
-	private static final BiFunction<ChestType, Material, BasicModelSupplier> LID = Util.memoize((type, mat) -> new BasicModelSupplier(() -> createLidModel(type, mat.sprite()), Sheets.chestSheet()));
+	private static final BiFunction<ChestType, Material, BasicModelSupplier> LID = Util.memoize((type, mat) -> new BasicModelSupplier(() -> createLidModel(type, mat.sprite()), new com.jozufozu.flywheel.api.material.Material(Sheets.chestSheet(), () -> MaterialShaders.SHADED_VERTEX, () -> MaterialShaders.DEFAULT_FRAGMENT)));
-	private static final BiFunction<ChestType, Material, BasicModelSupplier> BASE = Util.memoize((type, mat) -> new BasicModelSupplier(() -> createBaseModel(type, mat.sprite()), Sheets.chestSheet()));
+	private static final BiFunction<ChestType, Material, BasicModelSupplier> BASE = Util.memoize((type, mat) -> new BasicModelSupplier(() -> createBaseModel(type, mat.sprite()), new com.jozufozu.flywheel.api.material.Material(Sheets.chestSheet(), () -> MaterialShaders.SHADED_VERTEX, () -> MaterialShaders.DEFAULT_FRAGMENT)));
 
 	private final OrientedData body;
 	private final ModelData lid;
@@ -47,8 +48,8 @@ public class ChestInstance<T extends BlockEntity & LidBlockEntity> extends Block
 
 	private float lastProgress = Float.NaN;
 
-	public ChestInstance(MaterialManager materialManager, T blockEntity) {
+	public ChestInstance(InstancerManager instancerManager, T blockEntity) {
-		super(materialManager, blockEntity);
+		super(instancerManager, blockEntity);
 
 		Block block = blockState.getBlock();
 
@@ -67,7 +68,7 @@ public class ChestInstance<T extends BlockEntity & LidBlockEntity> extends Block
 
 			body.setRotation(baseRotation);
 
-			DoubleBlockCombiner.NeighborCombineResult<? extends ChestBlockEntity> wrapper = chestBlock.combine(blockState, world, getWorldPosition(), true);
+			DoubleBlockCombiner.NeighborCombineResult<? extends ChestBlockEntity> wrapper = chestBlock.combine(blockState, level, getWorldPosition(), true);
 
 			this.lidProgress = wrapper.apply(ChestBlock.opennessCombiner(blockEntity));
 
@@ -115,14 +116,14 @@ public class ChestInstance<T extends BlockEntity & LidBlockEntity> extends Block
 
 	private OrientedData baseInstance() {
 
-		return materialManager.material(Materials.ORIENTED)
+		return instancerManager.factory(StructTypes.ORIENTED)
 				.model(BASE.apply(chestType, renderMaterial))
 				.createInstance();
 	}
 
 	private ModelData lidInstance() {
 
-		return materialManager.material(Materials.TRANSFORMED)
+		return instancerManager.factory(StructTypes.MODEL)
 				.model(LID.apply(chestType, renderMaterial))
 				.createInstance();
 	}

src/main/java/com/jozufozu/flywheel/vanilla/MinecartInstance.java

@@ -2,16 +2,18 @@ package com.jozufozu.flywheel.vanilla;
 
 import org.jetbrains.annotations.NotNull;
 
-import com.jozufozu.flywheel.api.MaterialManager;
+import com.jozufozu.flywheel.api.InstancerManager;
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.api.instance.DynamicInstance;
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.api.instance.TickableInstance;
+import com.jozufozu.flywheel.api.material.Material;
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.backend.instancing.entity.EntityInstance;
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.core.BasicModelSupplier;
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.core.Models;
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.core.hardcoded.ModelPart;
-import com.jozufozu.flywheel.core.materials.Materials;
+import com.jozufozu.flywheel.core.material.MaterialShaders;
-import com.jozufozu.flywheel.core.materials.model.ModelData;
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.core.model.Mesh;
+import com.jozufozu.flywheel.core.structs.StructTypes;
+import com.jozufozu.flywheel.core.structs.model.ModelData;
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.util.AnimationTickHolder;
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.util.transform.TransformStack;
 import com.mojang.blaze3d.vertex.PoseStack;
@@ -29,7 +31,7 @@ import net.minecraft.world.phys.Vec3;
 public class MinecartInstance<T extends AbstractMinecart> extends EntityInstance<T> implements DynamicInstance, TickableInstance {
 
 	private static final ResourceLocation MINECART_LOCATION = new ResourceLocation("textures/entity/minecart.png");
-	private static final BasicModelSupplier MODEL = new BasicModelSupplier(MinecartInstance::getBodyModel, RenderType.entitySolid(MINECART_LOCATION));
+	private static final BasicModelSupplier MODEL = new BasicModelSupplier(MinecartInstance::getBodyModel, new Material(RenderType.entitySolid(MINECART_LOCATION), () -> MaterialShaders.SHADED_VERTEX, () -> MaterialShaders.DEFAULT_FRAGMENT));
 
 	private final PoseStack stack = new PoseStack();
 
@@ -37,8 +39,8 @@ public class MinecartInstance<T extends AbstractMinecart> extends EntityInstance
 	private ModelData contents;
 	private BlockState blockstate;
 
-	public MinecartInstance(MaterialManager materialManager, T entity) {
+	public MinecartInstance(InstancerManager instancerManager, T entity) {
-		super(materialManager, entity);
+		super(instancerManager, entity);
 
 		blockstate = entity.getDisplayBlockState();
 		contents = getContents();
@@ -63,7 +65,7 @@ public class MinecartInstance<T extends AbstractMinecart> extends EntityInstance
 		stack.setIdentity();
 		float pt = AnimationTickHolder.getPartialTicks();
 
-		Vec3i originCoordinate = materialManager.getOriginCoordinate();
+		Vec3i originCoordinate = instancerManager.getOriginCoordinate();
 		tstack.translate(
 				Mth.lerp(pt, entity.xOld, entity.getX()) - originCoordinate.getX(),
 				Mth.lerp(pt, entity.yOld, entity.getY()) - originCoordinate.getY(),
@@ -147,13 +149,13 @@ public class MinecartInstance<T extends AbstractMinecart> extends EntityInstance
 		if (blockstate.getRenderShape() == RenderShape.INVISIBLE)
 			return null;
 
-        return materialManager.material(Materials.TRANSFORMED)
+        return instancerManager.factory(StructTypes.MODEL)
 				.model(Models.block(blockstate))
 				.createInstance();
 	}
 
 	private ModelData getBody() {
-		return materialManager.material(Materials.TRANSFORMED)
+		return instancerManager.factory(StructTypes.MODEL)
 				.model(MODEL)
 				.createInstance();
 	}

src/main/java/com/jozufozu/flywheel/vanilla/ShulkerBoxInstance.java

@@ -2,13 +2,15 @@ package com.jozufozu.flywheel.vanilla;
 
 import java.util.function.Function;
 
-import com.jozufozu.flywheel.api.MaterialManager;
+import com.jozufozu.flywheel.api.InstancerManager;
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.api.instance.DynamicInstance;
+import com.jozufozu.flywheel.api.material.Material;
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.backend.instancing.blockentity.BlockEntityInstance;
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.core.BasicModelSupplier;
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.core.hardcoded.ModelPart;
-import com.jozufozu.flywheel.core.materials.Materials;
+import com.jozufozu.flywheel.core.material.MaterialShaders;
-import com.jozufozu.flywheel.core.materials.model.ModelData;
+import com.jozufozu.flywheel.core.structs.StructTypes;
+import com.jozufozu.flywheel.core.structs.model.ModelData;
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.util.AnimationTickHolder;
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.util.transform.TransformStack;
 import com.mojang.blaze3d.vertex.PoseStack;
@@ -26,8 +28,8 @@ import net.minecraft.world.level.block.entity.ShulkerBoxBlockEntity;
 
 public class ShulkerBoxInstance extends BlockEntityInstance<ShulkerBoxBlockEntity> implements DynamicInstance {
 
-	private static final Function<TextureAtlasSprite, BasicModelSupplier> BASE = Util.memoize(it -> new BasicModelSupplier(() -> makeBaseModel(it), RenderType.entityCutoutNoCull(Sheets.SHULKER_SHEET)));
+	private static final Function<TextureAtlasSprite, BasicModelSupplier> BASE = Util.memoize(it -> new BasicModelSupplier(() -> makeBaseModel(it), new Material(RenderType.entityCutoutNoCull(Sheets.SHULKER_SHEET), () -> MaterialShaders.SHADED_VERTEX, () -> MaterialShaders.DEFAULT_FRAGMENT)));
-	private static final Function<TextureAtlasSprite, BasicModelSupplier> LID = Util.memoize(it -> new BasicModelSupplier(() -> makeLidModel(it), RenderType.entityCutoutNoCull(Sheets.SHULKER_SHEET)));
+	private static final Function<TextureAtlasSprite, BasicModelSupplier> LID = Util.memoize(it -> new BasicModelSupplier(() -> makeLidModel(it), new Material(RenderType.entityCutoutNoCull(Sheets.SHULKER_SHEET), () -> MaterialShaders.SHADED_VERTEX, () -> MaterialShaders.DEFAULT_FRAGMENT)));
 
 	private final TextureAtlasSprite texture;
 
@@ -37,8 +39,8 @@ public class ShulkerBoxInstance extends BlockEntityInstance<ShulkerBoxBlockEntit
 
 	private float lastProgress = Float.NaN;
 
-	public ShulkerBoxInstance(MaterialManager materialManager, ShulkerBoxBlockEntity blockEntity) {
+	public ShulkerBoxInstance(InstancerManager instancerManager, ShulkerBoxBlockEntity blockEntity) {
-		super(materialManager, blockEntity);
+		super(instancerManager, blockEntity);
 
 		DyeColor color = blockEntity.getColor();
 		if (color == null) {
@@ -97,13 +99,13 @@ public class ShulkerBoxInstance extends BlockEntityInstance<ShulkerBoxBlockEntit
 	}
 
 	private ModelData makeBaseInstance() {
-		return materialManager.material(Materials.TRANSFORMED)
+		return instancerManager.factory(StructTypes.MODEL)
 				.model(BASE.apply(texture))
 				.createInstance();
 	}
 
 	private ModelData makeLidInstance() {
-		return materialManager.material(Materials.TRANSFORMED)
+		return instancerManager.factory(StructTypes.MODEL)
 				.model(LID.apply(texture))
 				.createInstance();
 	}

src/main/resources/assets/flywheel/flywheel/shaders/context/common.vert

@@ -1,21 +1,11 @@
 #use "flywheel:api/vertex.glsl"
-#use "flywheel:util/diffuse.glsl"
 #use "flywheel:util/fog.glsl"
 
 uniform mat4 uViewProjection;
 uniform vec3 uCameraPos;
-uniform int uConstantAmbientLight;
 uniform int uFogShape;
 
-out float _flw_diffuse;
-
 void flw_contextVertex() {
-    flw_vertexNormal = normalize(flw_vertexNormal);
-    if (uConstantAmbientLight == 1) {
-        _flw_diffuse = diffuseNether(flw_vertexNormal);
-    } else {
-        _flw_diffuse = diffuse(flw_vertexNormal);
-    }
     flw_distance = fog_distance(flw_vertexPos.xyz, uCameraPos, uFogShape);
     gl_Position = uViewProjection * flw_vertexPos;
 

src/main/resources/assets/flywheel/flywheel/shaders/context/crumbling.frag

@@ -8,15 +8,13 @@ uniform vec2 uTextureScale;
 uniform sampler2D uBlockAtlas;
 uniform sampler2D uCrumbling;
 
-in float _flw_diffuse;
-
 out vec4 fragColor;
 
 void flw_contextFragment() {
     vec4 texColor = texture(uBlockAtlas, flw_vertexTexCoord);
     vec4 crumblingColor = texture(uCrumbling, flw_vertexTexCoord * uTextureScale);
     crumblingColor.a *= texColor.a;
-    vec4 color = flw_vertexColor * vec4(crumblingColor.rgb * _flw_diffuse, crumblingColor.a);
+    vec4 color = flw_vertexColor * vec4(crumblingColor.rgb, crumblingColor.a);
 
     #ifdef ALPHA_DISCARD
     if (color.a < ALPHA_DISCARD) {

src/main/resources/assets/flywheel/flywheel/shaders/context/world.frag

@@ -14,14 +14,12 @@ uniform vec4 uFogColor;
 uniform sampler2D uBlockAtlas;
 uniform sampler2D uLightMap;
 
-in float _flw_diffuse;
-
 out vec4 fragColor;
 
 void flw_contextFragment() {
     vec4 texColor = texture(uBlockAtlas, flw_vertexTexCoord);
     vec4 lightColor = texture(uLightMap, flw_vertexLight);
-    vec4 color = flw_vertexColor * vec4(texColor.rgb * lightColor.rgb * _flw_diffuse, texColor.a);
+    vec4 color = flw_vertexColor * vec4(texColor.rgb * lightColor.rgb, texColor.a);
 
     #ifdef ALPHA_DISCARD
     if (color.a < ALPHA_DISCARD) {

src/main/resources/assets/flywheel/flywheel/shaders/material/default.frag

@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+#use "flywheel:api/fragment.glsl"
+
+void flw_materialFragment() {
+}

src/main/resources/assets/flywheel/flywheel/shaders/material/default.vert

@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+#use "flywheel:api/vertex.glsl"
+
+void flw_materialVertex() {
+}

src/main/resources/assets/flywheel/flywheel/shaders/material/shaded.vert

@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+#use "flywheel:api/vertex.glsl"
+#use "flywheel:util/diffuse.glsl"
+
+uniform int uConstantAmbientLight;
+
+void flw_materialVertex() {
+    flw_vertexNormal = normalize(flw_vertexNormal);
+
+    float diffuseFactor;
+    if (uConstantAmbientLight == 1) {
+        diffuseFactor = diffuseNether(flw_vertexNormal);
+    } else {
+        diffuseFactor = diffuse(flw_vertexNormal);
+    }
+    flw_vertexColor = vec4(flw_vertexColor.rgb * diffuseFactor, flw_vertexColor.a);
+}