Backend into a corner

- Make VisualizationContext, InstancerProvider, VisualEmbedding all
  BackendImplemented
- Add Engine#createVisualizationContext
- Remove Engine#instancer and variants
- VisualEmbeddings are created by backends, and data will be pushed into
  them by visuals.
- VisualEmbedding extends VisualizationContext
- The implementation of VisualEmbedding also implements Environment
- Environment is an internal replacement for Context
- Instancers are keyed by Environments
- Default environment is a noop essentially

src/main/java/com/jozufozu/flywheel/api/backend/Engine.java

@@ -6,13 +6,9 @@ import com.jozufozu.flywheel.api.BackendImplemented;
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.api.event.RenderContext;
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.api.event.RenderStage;
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.api.instance.Instance;
-import com.jozufozu.flywheel.api.instance.InstanceType;
-import com.jozufozu.flywheel.api.instance.Instancer;
-import com.jozufozu.flywheel.api.instance.InstancerProvider;
-import com.jozufozu.flywheel.api.model.Model;
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.api.task.Plan;
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.api.task.TaskExecutor;
-import com.jozufozu.flywheel.api.visualization.VisualEmbedding;
+import com.jozufozu.flywheel.api.visualization.VisualizationContext;
 
 import net.minecraft.client.Camera;
 import net.minecraft.core.BlockPos;
@@ -21,20 +17,12 @@ import net.minecraft.core.Vec3i;
 @BackendImplemented
 public interface Engine {
 	/**
-	 * Get an instancer for the given instance type, model, and render stage.
+	 * Create a visualization context that will render to the given stage.
 	 *
-	 * <p>Calling this method twice with the same arguments will return the same instancer.</p>
-	 *
-	 * <p>If you are writing a visual you should probably be using
-	 * {@link InstancerProvider#instancer(InstanceType, Model)}, which will decide the {@code RenderStage}
-	 * based on what type of visual is getting the instancer.</p>
-	 *
-	 * @return An instancer for the given instance type, model, and render stage.
-	 * @see InstancerProvider
+	 * @param stage The stage to render to.
+	 * @return A new visualization context.
 	 */
-	<I extends Instance> Instancer<I> instancer(InstanceType<I> type, Model model, RenderStage stage);
-
-	<I extends Instance> Instancer<I> instancer(VisualEmbedding world, InstanceType<I> type, Model model, RenderStage stage);
+	VisualizationContext createVisualizationContext(RenderStage stage);
 
 	/**
 	 * Create a plan that will be executed every frame.

src/main/java/com/jozufozu/flywheel/api/instance/InstancerProvider.java

@@ -1,10 +1,9 @@
 package com.jozufozu.flywheel.api.instance;
 
-import org.jetbrains.annotations.ApiStatus;
-
+import com.jozufozu.flywheel.api.BackendImplemented;
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.api.model.Model;
 
-@ApiStatus.NonExtendable
+@BackendImplemented
 public interface InstancerProvider {
 	/**
 	 * Get an instancer for the given instance type rendering the given model.

src/main/java/com/jozufozu/flywheel/api/visualization/VisualEmbedding.java

@@ -3,12 +3,15 @@ package com.jozufozu.flywheel.api.visualization;
 import org.joml.Matrix3fc;
 import org.joml.Matrix4fc;
 
-import net.minecraft.world.phys.AABB;
+import com.jozufozu.flywheel.api.BackendImplemented;
 
-public interface VisualEmbedding {
-	Matrix4fc pose();
-
-	Matrix3fc normal();
-
-	AABB boundingBox();
+@BackendImplemented
+public interface VisualEmbedding extends VisualizationContext {
+	/**
+	 * Set the transformation matrices for the embedding.
+	 *
+	 * @param pose   The model matrix.
+	 * @param normal The normal matrix.
+	 */
+	void transforms(Matrix4fc pose, Matrix3fc normal);
 }

src/main/java/com/jozufozu/flywheel/api/visualization/VisualizationContext.java

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ package com.jozufozu.flywheel.api.visualization;
 
 import org.jetbrains.annotations.ApiStatus;
 
+import com.jozufozu.flywheel.api.BackendImplemented;
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.api.instance.InstancerProvider;
 
 import net.minecraft.core.Vec3i;
@@ -9,7 +10,7 @@ import net.minecraft.core.Vec3i;
 /**
  * A context object passed on visual creation.
  */
-@ApiStatus.NonExtendable
+@BackendImplemented
 public interface VisualizationContext {
 	/**
 	 * @return The {@link InstancerProvider} that the visual can use to get instancers to render models.
@@ -24,5 +25,5 @@ public interface VisualizationContext {
 	Vec3i renderOrigin();
 
 	@ApiStatus.Experimental
-	VisualizationContext embed(VisualEmbedding world);
+	VisualEmbedding createEmbedding();
 }

src/main/java/com/jozufozu/flywheel/backend/engine/AbstractEngine.java

@@ -5,8 +5,10 @@ import com.jozufozu.flywheel.api.event.RenderStage;
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.api.instance.Instance;
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.api.instance.InstanceType;
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.api.instance.Instancer;
+import com.jozufozu.flywheel.api.instance.InstancerProvider;
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.api.model.Model;
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.api.visualization.VisualEmbedding;
+import com.jozufozu.flywheel.api.visualization.VisualizationContext;
 
 import net.minecraft.client.Camera;
 import net.minecraft.core.BlockPos;
@@ -21,14 +23,13 @@ public abstract class AbstractEngine implements Engine {
 		sqrMaxOriginDistance = maxOriginDistance * maxOriginDistance;
 	}
 
-	@Override
-	public <I extends Instance> Instancer<I> instancer(InstanceType<I> type, Model model, RenderStage stage) {
-		return getStorage().getInstancer(null, type, model, stage);
+	public <I extends Instance> Instancer<I> instancer(Environment environment, InstanceType<I> type, Model model, RenderStage stage) {
+		return getStorage().getInstancer(environment, type, model, stage);
 	}
 
 	@Override
-	public <I extends Instance> Instancer<I> instancer(VisualEmbedding world, InstanceType<I> type, Model model, RenderStage stage) {
-		return getStorage().getInstancer(world, type, model, stage);
+	public VisualizationContext createVisualizationContext(RenderStage stage) {
+		return new VisualizationContextImpl(stage);
 	}
 
 	@Override
@@ -54,4 +55,29 @@ public abstract class AbstractEngine implements Engine {
 	}
 
 	protected abstract InstancerStorage<? extends AbstractInstancer<?>> getStorage();
+
+	private class VisualizationContextImpl implements VisualizationContext {
+		private final InstancerProviderImpl instancerProvider;
+		private final RenderStage stage;
+
+		public VisualizationContextImpl(RenderStage stage) {
+			instancerProvider = new InstancerProviderImpl(AbstractEngine.this, stage);
+			this.stage = stage;
+		}
+
+		@Override
+		public InstancerProvider instancerProvider() {
+			return instancerProvider;
+		}
+
+		@Override
+		public Vec3i renderOrigin() {
+			return AbstractEngine.this.renderOrigin();
+		}
+
+		@Override
+		public VisualEmbedding createEmbedding() {
+			return new EmbeddedEnvironment(AbstractEngine.this, stage);
+		}
+	}
 }

src/main/java/com/jozufozu/flywheel/backend/engine/AbstractInstancer.java

@@ -7,13 +7,11 @@ import org.jetbrains.annotations.Nullable;
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.api.instance.Instance;
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.api.instance.InstanceType;
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.api.instance.Instancer;
-import com.jozufozu.flywheel.api.visualization.VisualEmbedding;
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.lib.util.AtomicBitset;
 
 public abstract class AbstractInstancer<I extends Instance> implements Instancer<I> {
 	public final InstanceType<I> type;
-	@Nullable
-	public final VisualEmbedding embedding;
+	public final Environment environment;
 
 	// Lock for all instances, only needs to be used in methods that may run on the TaskExecutor.
 	protected final Object lock = new Object();
@@ -23,9 +21,9 @@ public abstract class AbstractInstancer<I extends Instance> implements Instancer
 	protected final AtomicBitset changed = new AtomicBitset();
 	protected final AtomicBitset deleted = new AtomicBitset();
 
-	protected AbstractInstancer(InstanceType<I> type, @Nullable VisualEmbedding embedding) {
+	protected AbstractInstancer(InstanceType<I> type, Environment environment) {
 		this.type = type;
-		this.embedding = embedding;
+		this.environment = environment;
 	}
 
 	@Override

src/main/java/com/jozufozu/flywheel/backend/engine/EmbeddedEnvironment.java

@@ -0,0 +1,81 @@
+package com.jozufozu.flywheel.backend.engine;
+
+import org.joml.Matrix3f;
+import org.joml.Matrix3fc;
+import org.joml.Matrix4f;
+import org.joml.Matrix4fc;
+
+import com.jozufozu.flywheel.api.event.RenderStage;
+import com.jozufozu.flywheel.api.instance.Instance;
+import com.jozufozu.flywheel.api.instance.InstanceType;
+import com.jozufozu.flywheel.api.instance.Instancer;
+import com.jozufozu.flywheel.api.instance.InstancerProvider;
+import com.jozufozu.flywheel.api.model.Model;
+import com.jozufozu.flywheel.api.visualization.VisualEmbedding;
+import com.jozufozu.flywheel.backend.compile.ContextShader;
+import com.jozufozu.flywheel.backend.compile.ContextShaders;
+import com.jozufozu.flywheel.backend.gl.shader.GlProgram;
+
+import net.minecraft.core.Vec3i;
+
+public class EmbeddedEnvironment implements Environment, VisualEmbedding {
+	private final Matrix4f pose = new Matrix4f();
+	private final Matrix3f normal = new Matrix3f();
+
+	private final InstancerProvider instancerProvider;
+	private final AbstractEngine engine;
+	private final RenderStage renderStage;
+
+	public EmbeddedEnvironment(AbstractEngine engine, RenderStage renderStage) {
+		this.engine = engine;
+		this.renderStage = renderStage;
+
+		instancerProvider = new InstancerProvider() {
+			@Override
+			public <I extends Instance> Instancer<I> instancer(InstanceType<I> type, Model model) {
+				// Kinda cursed usage of anonymous classes here, but it does the job.
+				return engine.instancer(EmbeddedEnvironment.this, type, model, renderStage);
+			}
+		};
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public void transforms(Matrix4fc pose, Matrix3fc normal) {
+		this.pose.set(pose);
+		this.normal.set(normal);
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public ContextShader contextShader() {
+		return ContextShaders.EMBEDDED;
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public void setupDraw(GlProgram drawProgram) {
+		drawProgram.setVec3("_flw_oneOverLightBoxSize", 1, 1, 1);
+		drawProgram.setVec3("_flw_lightVolumeMin", 0, 0, 0);
+		drawProgram.setMat4("_flw_model", pose);
+		drawProgram.setMat3("_flw_normal", normal);
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public void setupCull(GlProgram cullProgram) {
+		cullProgram.setBool("_flw_useEmbeddedModel", true);
+		cullProgram.setMat4("_flw_embeddedModel", pose);
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public InstancerProvider instancerProvider() {
+		return instancerProvider;
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public Vec3i renderOrigin() {
+		return Vec3i.ZERO;
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public VisualEmbedding createEmbedding() {
+		return new EmbeddedEnvironment(engine, renderStage);
+	}
+}

src/main/java/com/jozufozu/flywheel/backend/engine/Environment.java

@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+package com.jozufozu.flywheel.backend.engine;
+
+import com.jozufozu.flywheel.backend.compile.ContextShader;
+import com.jozufozu.flywheel.backend.gl.shader.GlProgram;
+
+public interface Environment {
+	ContextShader contextShader();
+
+	void setupDraw(GlProgram drawProgram);
+
+	void setupCull(GlProgram cullProgram);
+}

src/main/java/com/jozufozu/flywheel/backend/engine/GlobalEnvironment.java

@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+package com.jozufozu.flywheel.backend.engine;
+
+import com.jozufozu.flywheel.backend.compile.ContextShader;
+import com.jozufozu.flywheel.backend.compile.ContextShaders;
+import com.jozufozu.flywheel.backend.gl.shader.GlProgram;
+
+public class GlobalEnvironment implements Environment {
+	public static final GlobalEnvironment INSTANCE = new GlobalEnvironment();
+
+	private GlobalEnvironment() {
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public ContextShader contextShader() {
+		return ContextShaders.DEFAULT;
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public void setupDraw(GlProgram drawProgram) {
+
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public void setupCull(GlProgram cullProgram) {
+		cullProgram.setBool("_flw_useEmbeddedModel", false);
+	}
+}

src/main/java/com/jozufozu/flywheel/backend/engine/InstancerKey.java

@@ -1,13 +1,10 @@
 package com.jozufozu.flywheel.backend.engine;
 
-import org.jetbrains.annotations.Nullable;
-
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.api.event.RenderStage;
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.api.instance.Instance;
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.api.instance.InstanceType;
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.api.model.Model;
-import com.jozufozu.flywheel.api.visualization.VisualEmbedding;
 
-public record InstancerKey<I extends Instance>(@Nullable VisualEmbedding embedding, InstanceType<I> type, Model model,
+public record InstancerKey<I extends Instance>(Environment environment, InstanceType<I> type, Model model,
 											   RenderStage stage) {
 }

src/main/java/com/jozufozu/flywheel/backend/engine/InstancerProviderImpl.java

@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+package com.jozufozu.flywheel.backend.engine;
+
+import com.jozufozu.flywheel.api.event.RenderStage;
+import com.jozufozu.flywheel.api.instance.Instance;
+import com.jozufozu.flywheel.api.instance.InstanceType;
+import com.jozufozu.flywheel.api.instance.Instancer;
+import com.jozufozu.flywheel.api.instance.InstancerProvider;
+import com.jozufozu.flywheel.api.model.Model;
+
+public record InstancerProviderImpl(AbstractEngine engine, RenderStage renderStage) implements InstancerProvider {
+	@Override
+	public <I extends Instance> Instancer<I> instancer(InstanceType<I> type, Model model) {
+		return engine.instancer(GlobalEnvironment.INSTANCE, type, model, renderStage);
+	}
+}

src/main/java/com/jozufozu/flywheel/backend/engine/InstancerStorage.java

@@ -5,15 +5,12 @@ import java.util.List;
 import java.util.Map;
 import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap;
 
-import org.jetbrains.annotations.Nullable;
-
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.Flywheel;
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.api.event.RenderStage;
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.api.instance.Instance;
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.api.instance.InstanceType;
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.api.instance.Instancer;
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.api.model.Model;
-import com.jozufozu.flywheel.api.visualization.VisualEmbedding;
 
 public abstract class InstancerStorage<N extends AbstractInstancer<?>> {
 	/**
@@ -30,8 +27,8 @@ public abstract class InstancerStorage<N extends AbstractInstancer<?>> {
 	protected final List<UninitializedInstancer<N, ?>> initializationQueue = new ArrayList<>();
 
 	@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
-	public <I extends Instance> Instancer<I> getInstancer(@Nullable VisualEmbedding level, InstanceType<I> type, Model model, RenderStage stage) {
-		return (Instancer<I>) instancers.computeIfAbsent(new InstancerKey<>(level, type, model, stage), this::createAndDeferInit);
+	public <I extends Instance> Instancer<I> getInstancer(Environment environment, InstanceType<I> type, Model model, RenderStage stage) {
+		return (Instancer<I>) instancers.computeIfAbsent(new InstancerKey<>(environment, type, model, stage), this::createAndDeferInit);
 	}
 
 	public void delete() {

src/main/java/com/jozufozu/flywheel/backend/engine/indirect/IndirectCullingGroup.java

@@ -16,17 +16,14 @@ import java.util.EnumMap;
 import java.util.List;
 import java.util.Map;
 
-import org.jetbrains.annotations.Nullable;
-
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.api.event.RenderStage;
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.api.instance.Instance;
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.api.instance.InstanceType;
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.api.material.Material;
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.api.model.Model;
-import com.jozufozu.flywheel.api.visualization.VisualEmbedding;
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.backend.compile.ContextShader;
-import com.jozufozu.flywheel.backend.compile.ContextShaders;
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.backend.compile.IndirectPrograms;
+import com.jozufozu.flywheel.backend.engine.Environment;
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.backend.engine.MaterialRenderState;
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.backend.engine.MeshPool;
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.backend.engine.uniform.Uniforms;
@@ -41,8 +38,7 @@ public class IndirectCullingGroup<I extends Instance> {
 	private static final int DRAW_BARRIER_BITS = GL_SHADER_STORAGE_BARRIER_BIT | GL_COMMAND_BARRIER_BIT;
 
 	private final InstanceType<I> instanceType;
-	@Nullable
-	private final VisualEmbedding embedding;
+	private final Environment environment;
 	private final long objectStride;
 	private final IndirectBuffers buffers;
 	private final List<IndirectInstancer<?>> instancers = new ArrayList<>();
@@ -58,9 +54,9 @@ public class IndirectCullingGroup<I extends Instance> {
 	private boolean needsDrawSort;
 	private int instanceCountThisFrame;
 
-	IndirectCullingGroup(InstanceType<I> instanceType, @Nullable VisualEmbedding embedding, IndirectPrograms programs) {
+	IndirectCullingGroup(InstanceType<I> instanceType, Environment environment, IndirectPrograms programs) {
 		this.instanceType = instanceType;
-		this.embedding = embedding;
+		this.environment = environment;
 		objectStride = instanceType.layout()
 				.byteSize() + IndirectBuffers.INT_SIZE;
 		buffers = new IndirectBuffers(objectStride);
@@ -68,7 +64,7 @@ public class IndirectCullingGroup<I extends Instance> {
 		this.programs = programs;
 		cullProgram = programs.getCullingProgram(instanceType);
 		applyProgram = programs.getApplyProgram();
-		drawProgram = programs.getIndirectProgram(instanceType, ContextShaders.forEmbedding(embedding));
+		drawProgram = programs.getIndirectProgram(instanceType, environment.contextShader());
 	}
 
 	public void flushInstancers() {
@@ -130,12 +126,7 @@ public class IndirectCullingGroup<I extends Instance> {
 		Uniforms.bindFrame();
 		cullProgram.bind();
 
-		if (embedding != null) {
-			cullProgram.setBool("_flw_useEmbeddedModel", true);
-			cullProgram.setMat4("_flw_embeddedModel", embedding.pose());
-		} else {
-			cullProgram.setBool("_flw_useEmbeddedModel", false);
-		}
+		environment.setupCull(cullProgram);
 
 		buffers.bindForCompute();
 		glMemoryBarrier(GL_SHADER_STORAGE_BARRIER_BIT);
@@ -208,12 +199,7 @@ public class IndirectCullingGroup<I extends Instance> {
 		drawProgram.bind();
 		buffers.bindForDraw();
 
-		if (embedding != null) {
-			drawProgram.setVec3("_flw_oneOverLightBoxSize", 1, 1, 1);
-			drawProgram.setVec3("_flw_lightVolumeMin", 0, 0, 0);
-			drawProgram.setMat4("_flw_model", embedding.pose());
-			drawProgram.setMat3("_flw_normal", embedding.normal());
-		}
+		environment.setupDraw(drawProgram);
 
 		drawBarrier();
 

src/main/java/com/jozufozu/flywheel/backend/engine/indirect/IndirectDrawManager.java

@@ -11,16 +11,14 @@ import java.util.HashMap;
 import java.util.List;
 import java.util.Map;
 
-import org.jetbrains.annotations.Nullable;
-
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.api.backend.Engine;
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.api.event.RenderStage;
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.api.instance.Instance;
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.api.instance.InstanceType;
-import com.jozufozu.flywheel.api.visualization.VisualEmbedding;
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.backend.compile.ContextShaders;
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.backend.compile.IndirectPrograms;
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.backend.engine.CommonCrumbling;
+import com.jozufozu.flywheel.backend.engine.Environment;
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.backend.engine.InstanceHandleImpl;
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.backend.engine.InstancerKey;
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.backend.engine.InstancerStorage;
@@ -62,14 +60,14 @@ public class IndirectDrawManager extends InstancerStorage<IndirectInstancer<?>>
 
 	@Override
 	protected <I extends Instance> IndirectInstancer<?> create(InstancerKey<I> key) {
-		return new IndirectInstancer<>(key.type(), key.embedding(), key.model());
+		return new IndirectInstancer<>(key.type(), key.environment(), key.model());
 	}
 
 	@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
 	@Override
 	protected <I extends Instance> void initialize(InstancerKey<I> key, IndirectInstancer<?> instancer) {
-		var groupKey = new GroupKey<>(key.type(), key.embedding());
-		var group = (IndirectCullingGroup<I>) cullingGroups.computeIfAbsent(groupKey, t -> new IndirectCullingGroup<>(t.type, t.context, programs));
+		var groupKey = new GroupKey<>(key.type(), key.environment());
+		var group = (IndirectCullingGroup<I>) cullingGroups.computeIfAbsent(groupKey, t -> new IndirectCullingGroup<>(t.type, t.environment, programs));
 		group.add((IndirectInstancer<I>) instancer, key.model(), key.stage(), meshPool);
 	}
 
@@ -224,7 +222,7 @@ public class IndirectDrawManager extends InstancerStorage<IndirectInstancer<?>>
 					continue;
 				}
 
-				byType.computeIfAbsent(new GroupKey<>(instancer.type, instancer.embedding), $ -> new Int2ObjectArrayMap<>())
+				byType.computeIfAbsent(new GroupKey<>(instancer.type, instancer.environment), $ -> new Int2ObjectArrayMap<>())
 						.computeIfAbsent(progress, $ -> new ArrayList<>())
 						.add(Pair.of(instancer, impl));
 			}
@@ -232,6 +230,6 @@ public class IndirectDrawManager extends InstancerStorage<IndirectInstancer<?>>
 		return byType;
 	}
 
-	public record GroupKey<I extends Instance>(InstanceType<I> type, @Nullable VisualEmbedding context) {
+	public record GroupKey<I extends Instance>(InstanceType<I> type, Environment environment) {
 	}
 }

src/main/java/com/jozufozu/flywheel/backend/engine/indirect/IndirectInstancer.java

@@ -3,7 +3,6 @@ package com.jozufozu.flywheel.backend.engine.indirect;
 import java.util.ArrayList;
 import java.util.List;
 
-import org.jetbrains.annotations.Nullable;
 import org.joml.Vector4fc;
 import org.lwjgl.system.MemoryUtil;
 
@@ -11,8 +10,8 @@ import com.jozufozu.flywheel.api.instance.Instance;
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.api.instance.InstanceType;
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.api.instance.InstanceWriter;
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.api.model.Model;
-import com.jozufozu.flywheel.api.visualization.VisualEmbedding;
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.backend.engine.AbstractInstancer;
+import com.jozufozu.flywheel.backend.engine.Environment;
 
 public class IndirectInstancer<I extends Instance> extends AbstractInstancer<I> {
 	private final long objectStride;
@@ -26,8 +25,8 @@ public class IndirectInstancer<I extends Instance> extends AbstractInstancer<I>
 	private int lastModelIndex = -1;
 	private long lastStartPos = -1;
 
-	public IndirectInstancer(InstanceType<I> type, @Nullable VisualEmbedding context, Model model) {
-		super(type, context);
+	public IndirectInstancer(InstanceType<I> type, Environment environment, Model model) {
+		super(type, environment);
 		this.objectStride = type.layout()
 				.byteSize() + IndirectBuffers.INT_SIZE;
 		writer = this.type.writer();

src/main/java/com/jozufozu/flywheel/backend/engine/instancing/InstancedDrawManager.java

@@ -130,12 +130,14 @@ public class InstancedDrawManager extends InstancerStorage<InstancedInstancer<?>
 				continue;
 			}
 
-			var embedding = shader.embedding();
+			var environment = shader.environment();
 			var material = shader.material();
 
-			var program = programs.get(shader.instanceType(), ContextShaders.forEmbedding(embedding));
+			var program = programs.get(shader.instanceType(), environment.contextShader());
 			program.bind();
 
+			environment.setupDraw(program);
+
 			uploadMaterialUniform(program, material);
 
 			MaterialRenderState.setup(material);
@@ -153,7 +155,7 @@ public class InstancedDrawManager extends InstancerStorage<InstancedInstancer<?>
 
 	@Override
 	protected <I extends Instance> InstancedInstancer<I> create(InstancerKey<I> key) {
-		return new InstancedInstancer<>(key.type(), key.embedding());
+		return new InstancedInstancer<>(key.type(), key.environment());
 	}
 
 	@Override
@@ -167,7 +169,7 @@ public class InstancedDrawManager extends InstancerStorage<InstancedInstancer<?>
 		for (var entry : meshes) {
 			var mesh = meshPool.alloc(entry.mesh());
 
-			ShaderState shaderState = new ShaderState(entry.material(), key.type(), key.embedding());
+			ShaderState shaderState = new ShaderState(entry.material(), key.type(), key.environment());
 			DrawCall drawCall = new DrawCall(instancer, mesh, shaderState);
 
 			drawSet.put(shaderState, drawCall);

src/main/java/com/jozufozu/flywheel/backend/engine/instancing/InstancedInstancer.java

@@ -8,8 +8,8 @@ import org.jetbrains.annotations.Nullable;
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.api.instance.Instance;
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.api.instance.InstanceType;
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.api.instance.InstanceWriter;
-import com.jozufozu.flywheel.api.visualization.VisualEmbedding;
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.backend.engine.AbstractInstancer;
+import com.jozufozu.flywheel.backend.engine.Environment;
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.backend.gl.TextureBuffer;
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.backend.gl.buffer.GlBuffer;
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.backend.gl.buffer.GlBufferUsage;
@@ -25,8 +25,8 @@ public class InstancedInstancer<I extends Instance> extends AbstractInstancer<I>
 
 	private final List<DrawCall> drawCalls = new ArrayList<>();
 
-	public InstancedInstancer(InstanceType<I> type, @Nullable VisualEmbedding context) {
-		super(type, context);
+	public InstancedInstancer(InstanceType<I> type, Environment environment) {
+		super(type, environment);
 		var layout = type.layout();
 		// Align to one texel in the texture buffer
 		instanceStride = MoreMath.align16(layout.byteSize());

src/main/java/com/jozufozu/flywheel/backend/engine/instancing/ShaderState.java

@@ -1,10 +1,8 @@
 package com.jozufozu.flywheel.backend.engine.instancing;
 
-import org.jetbrains.annotations.Nullable;
-
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.api.instance.InstanceType;
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.api.material.Material;
-import com.jozufozu.flywheel.api.visualization.VisualEmbedding;
+import com.jozufozu.flywheel.backend.engine.Environment;
 
-public record ShaderState(Material material, InstanceType<?> instanceType, @Nullable VisualEmbedding embedding) {
+public record ShaderState(Material material, InstanceType<?> instanceType, Environment environment) {
 }

src/main/java/com/jozufozu/flywheel/impl/visualization/InstancerProviderImpl.java

@@ -1,65 +0,0 @@
-package com.jozufozu.flywheel.impl.visualization;
-
-import java.util.function.Supplier;
-
-import com.jozufozu.flywheel.api.backend.Engine;
-import com.jozufozu.flywheel.api.event.RenderStage;
-import com.jozufozu.flywheel.api.instance.Instance;
-import com.jozufozu.flywheel.api.instance.InstanceType;
-import com.jozufozu.flywheel.api.instance.Instancer;
-import com.jozufozu.flywheel.api.instance.InstancerProvider;
-import com.jozufozu.flywheel.api.model.Model;
-import com.jozufozu.flywheel.api.visualization.VisualEmbedding;
-import com.jozufozu.flywheel.api.visualization.VisualizationContext;
-
-public class InstancerProviderImpl implements InstancerProvider, Supplier<VisualizationContext> {
-	protected final Engine engine;
-	protected final RenderStage renderStage;
-
-	public InstancerProviderImpl(Engine engine, RenderStage renderStage) {
-		this.engine = engine;
-		this.renderStage = renderStage;
-	}
-
-	@Override
-	public <I extends Instance> Instancer<I> instancer(InstanceType<I> type, Model model) {
-		return engine.instancer(type, model, renderStage);
-	}
-
-	@Override
-	public VisualizationContext get() {
-		return new VisualizationContextImpl(this, engine.renderOrigin());
-	}
-
-	public Embedded embed(VisualEmbedding world) {
-		return new Embedded(engine, world, renderStage);
-	}
-
-	@Override
-	public String toString() {
-		return "InstancerProviderImpl[" + "engine=" + engine + ", " + "renderStage=" + renderStage + ']';
-	}
-
-	public static final class Embedded extends InstancerProviderImpl {
-		private final VisualEmbedding world;
-
-		public Embedded(Engine engine, VisualEmbedding world, RenderStage renderStage) {
-			super(engine, renderStage);
-			this.world = world;
-		}
-
-		@Override
-		public <I extends Instance> Instancer<I> instancer(InstanceType<I> type, Model model) {
-			return engine.instancer(world, type, model, renderStage);
-		}
-
-		public VisualEmbedding world() {
-			return world;
-		}
-
-		@Override
-		public String toString() {
-			return "InstancerProviderImpl.EmbeddedImpl[" + "world=" + world + ", " + "engine=" + engine + ", " + "renderStage=" + renderStage + ']';
-		}
-	}
-}

src/main/java/com/jozufozu/flywheel/impl/visualization/VisualizationContextImpl.java

@@ -1,21 +0,0 @@
-package com.jozufozu.flywheel.impl.visualization;
-
-import com.jozufozu.flywheel.api.instance.InstancerProvider;
-import com.jozufozu.flywheel.api.visualization.VisualEmbedding;
-import com.jozufozu.flywheel.api.visualization.VisualizationContext;
-
-import net.minecraft.core.Vec3i;
-
-/**
- * A context object passed on visual creation.
- *
- * @param instancerProvider The {@link InstancerProvider} that the visual can use to get instancers to render models.
- * @param renderOrigin      The origin of the renderer as a world position.
- *                          All models render as if this position is (0, 0, 0).
- */
-public record VisualizationContextImpl(InstancerProviderImpl instancerProvider, Vec3i renderOrigin) implements VisualizationContext {
-	@Override
-	public VisualizationContext embed(VisualEmbedding world) {
-		return new VisualizationContextImpl(instancerProvider.embed(world), renderOrigin);
-	}
-}

src/main/java/com/jozufozu/flywheel/impl/visualization/VisualizationManagerImpl.java

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ package com.jozufozu.flywheel.impl.visualization;
 import java.util.ArrayList;
 import java.util.List;
 import java.util.SortedSet;
+import java.util.function.Supplier;
 
 import org.jetbrains.annotations.Contract;
 import org.jetbrains.annotations.Nullable;
@@ -22,6 +23,7 @@ import com.jozufozu.flywheel.api.visual.TickableVisual;
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.api.visual.VisualFrameContext;
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.api.visual.VisualTickContext;
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.api.visualization.VisualManager;
+import com.jozufozu.flywheel.api.visualization.VisualizationContext;
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.api.visualization.VisualizationLevel;
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.api.visualization.VisualizationManager;
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.config.FlwConfig;
@@ -84,9 +86,9 @@ public class VisualizationManagerImpl implements VisualizationManager {
 				.createEngine(level);
 		taskExecutor = FlwTaskExecutor.get();
 
-		var blockEntitiesStorage = new BlockEntityStorage(new InstancerProviderImpl(engine, RenderStage.AFTER_BLOCK_ENTITIES));
-		var entitiesStorage = new EntityStorage(new InstancerProviderImpl(engine, RenderStage.AFTER_ENTITIES));
-		var effectsStorage = new EffectStorage(new InstancerProviderImpl(engine, RenderStage.AFTER_PARTICLES));
+		var blockEntitiesStorage = new BlockEntityStorage(provider(engine, RenderStage.AFTER_BLOCK_ENTITIES));
+		var entitiesStorage = new EntityStorage(provider(engine, RenderStage.AFTER_ENTITIES));
+		var effectsStorage = new EffectStorage(provider(engine, RenderStage.AFTER_PARTICLES));
 
 		blockEntities = new VisualManagerImpl<>(blockEntitiesStorage);
 		entities = new VisualManagerImpl<>(entitiesStorage);
@@ -118,6 +120,11 @@ public class VisualizationManagerImpl implements VisualizationManager {
 		}
 	}
 
+	public static Supplier<VisualizationContext> provider(Engine engine, RenderStage stage) {
+		var context = engine.createVisualizationContext(stage);
+		return () -> context;
+	}
+
 	private VisualFrameContext createVisualFrameContext(RenderContext ctx) {
 		Vec3i renderOrigin = engine.renderOrigin();
 		var cameraPos = ctx.camera()