diff --git a/src/main/java/com/jozufozu/flywheel/backend/instancing/instancing/GPUInstancer.java b/src/main/java/com/jozufozu/flywheel/backend/instancing/instancing/GPUInstancer.java
index 3f0ff7c87..4b469c02f 100644
--- a/src/main/java/com/jozufozu/flywheel/backend/instancing/instancing/GPUInstancer.java
+++ b/src/main/java/com/jozufozu/flywheel/backend/instancing/instancing/GPUInstancer.java
@@ -19,7 +19,6 @@ import com.jozufozu.flywheel.core.model.Model;
 
 public class GPUInstancer<D extends InstanceData> extends AbstractInstancer<D> {
 
-	private final ModelAllocator modelAllocator;
 	private final BufferLayout instanceFormat;
 	private final Instanced<D> instancedType;
 
@@ -32,9 +31,8 @@ public class GPUInstancer<D extends InstanceData> extends AbstractInstancer<D> {
 
 	protected boolean anyToUpdate;
 
-	public GPUInstancer(Instanced<D> type, Model model, ModelAllocator modelAllocator) {
+	public GPUInstancer(Instanced<D> type, Model model) {
 		super(type::create, model);
-		this.modelAllocator = modelAllocator;
 		this.instanceFormat = type.getLayout();
 		instancedType = type;
 	}
@@ -63,7 +61,7 @@ public class GPUInstancer<D extends InstanceData> extends AbstractInstancer<D> {
 		return deleted || model == null;
 	}
 
-	public void init() {
+	public void init(ModelAllocator modelAllocator) {
 		if (isInitialized()) return;
 
 		initialized = true;
diff --git a/src/main/java/com/jozufozu/flywheel/backend/instancing/instancing/InstancedMaterial.java b/src/main/java/com/jozufozu/flywheel/backend/instancing/instancing/InstancedMaterial.java
index e22b57ce4..7a8373136 100644
--- a/src/main/java/com/jozufozu/flywheel/backend/instancing/instancing/InstancedMaterial.java
+++ b/src/main/java/com/jozufozu/flywheel/backend/instancing/instancing/InstancedMaterial.java
@@ -11,7 +11,6 @@ import com.jozufozu.flywheel.api.InstanceData;
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.api.Instancer;
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.api.Material;
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.api.struct.Instanced;
-import com.jozufozu.flywheel.backend.model.ModelAllocator;
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.core.model.Model;
 
 /**
@@ -20,14 +19,12 @@ import com.jozufozu.flywheel.core.model.Model;
  */
 public class InstancedMaterial<D extends InstanceData> implements Material<D> {
 
-	protected final ModelAllocator allocator;
 	protected final Map<Object, GPUInstancer<D>> models = new HashMap<>();
 	protected final Instanced<D> type;
 	protected final List<GPUInstancer<D>> uninitialized = new ArrayList<>();
 
-	public InstancedMaterial(Instanced<D> type, ModelAllocator allocator) {
+	public InstancedMaterial(Instanced<D> type) {
 		this.type = type;
-		this.allocator = allocator;
 	}
 
 	/**
@@ -40,7 +37,7 @@ public class InstancedMaterial<D extends InstanceData> implements Material<D> {
 	@Override
 	public Instancer<D> model(Object key, Supplier<Model> modelSupplier) {
 		return models.computeIfAbsent(key, $ -> {
-			GPUInstancer<D> instancer = new GPUInstancer<>(type, modelSupplier.get(), allocator);
+			GPUInstancer<D> instancer = new GPUInstancer<>(type, modelSupplier.get());
 			uninitialized.add(instancer);
 			return instancer;
 		});
diff --git a/src/main/java/com/jozufozu/flywheel/backend/instancing/instancing/InstancedMaterialGroup.java b/src/main/java/com/jozufozu/flywheel/backend/instancing/instancing/InstancedMaterialGroup.java
index bd85a26b8..2bc228ed9 100644
--- a/src/main/java/com/jozufozu/flywheel/backend/instancing/instancing/InstancedMaterialGroup.java
+++ b/src/main/java/com/jozufozu/flywheel/backend/instancing/instancing/InstancedMaterialGroup.java
@@ -32,27 +32,21 @@ public class InstancedMaterialGroup<P extends WorldProgram> implements MaterialG
 	protected final RenderType type;
 
 	private final Map<Instanced<? extends InstanceData>, InstancedMaterial<?>> materials = new HashMap<>();
-	private final ModelAllocator allocator;
 
+	private ModelAllocator allocator;
 	private int vertexCount;
 	private int instanceCount;
 
 	public InstancedMaterialGroup(InstancingEngine<P> owner, RenderType type) {
 		this.owner = owner;
 		this.type = type;
-        if (GlCompat.getInstance()
-                .onAMDWindows()) {
-			this.allocator = FallbackAllocator.INSTANCE;
-		} else {
-			this.allocator = new ModelPool(Formats.POS_TEX_NORMAL);
-		}
 	}
 
 	@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
 	@Override
 	public <D extends InstanceData> InstancedMaterial<D> material(StructType<D> type) {
 		if (type instanceof Instanced<D> instanced) {
-			return (InstancedMaterial<D>) materials.computeIfAbsent(instanced, t -> new InstancedMaterial<>(t, allocator));
+			return (InstancedMaterial<D>) materials.computeIfAbsent(instanced, InstancedMaterial::new);
 		} else {
 			throw new ClassCastException("Cannot use type '" + type + "' with GPU instancing.");
 		}
@@ -82,18 +76,7 @@ public class InstancedMaterialGroup<P extends WorldProgram> implements MaterialG
 	}
 
 	protected void renderAll(Matrix4f viewProjection, double camX, double camY, double camZ, RenderLayer layer) {
-		// initialize all uninitialized instancers...
-		for (InstancedMaterial<?> material : materials.values()) {
-			for (GPUInstancer<?> instancer : material.uninitialized) {
-				instancer.init();
-			}
-			material.uninitialized.clear();
-		}
-
-		if (allocator instanceof ModelPool pool) {
-			// ...and then flush the model arena in case anything was marked for upload
-			pool.flush();
-		}
+		initializeInstancers();
 
 		vertexCount = 0;
 		instanceCount = 0;
@@ -119,7 +102,24 @@ public class InstancedMaterialGroup<P extends WorldProgram> implements MaterialG
 		}
 	}
 
-	public void setup(P program) {
+	private void initializeInstancers() {
+		ModelAllocator allocator = getModelAllocator();
+
+		// initialize all uninitialized instancers...
+		for (InstancedMaterial<?> material : materials.values()) {
+			for (GPUInstancer<?> instancer : material.uninitialized) {
+				instancer.init(allocator);
+			}
+			material.uninitialized.clear();
+		}
+
+		if (allocator instanceof ModelPool pool) {
+			// ...and then flush the model arena in case anything was marked for upload
+			pool.flush();
+		}
+	}
+
+	protected void setup(P program) {
 
 	}
 
@@ -133,4 +133,20 @@ public class InstancedMaterialGroup<P extends WorldProgram> implements MaterialG
 
 		materials.clear();
 	}
+
+	private ModelAllocator getModelAllocator() {
+		if (allocator == null) {
+			allocator = createAllocator();
+		}
+		return this.allocator;
+	}
+
+	private static ModelAllocator createAllocator() {
+		if (GlCompat.getInstance()
+				.onAMDWindows()) {
+			return FallbackAllocator.INSTANCE;
+		} else {
+			return new ModelPool(Formats.POS_TEX_NORMAL);
+		}
+	}
 }
diff --git a/src/main/java/com/jozufozu/flywheel/core/crumbling/CrumblingGroup.java b/src/main/java/com/jozufozu/flywheel/core/crumbling/CrumblingGroup.java
index ac27997f3..ee113de17 100644
--- a/src/main/java/com/jozufozu/flywheel/core/crumbling/CrumblingGroup.java
+++ b/src/main/java/com/jozufozu/flywheel/core/crumbling/CrumblingGroup.java
@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ public class CrumblingGroup<P extends CrumblingProgram> extends InstancedMateria
 	}
 
 	@Override
-	public void setup(P p) {
+    protected void setup(P p) {
 		p.setAtlasSize(width, height);
 	}
 }