diff --git a/src/main/java/com/jozufozu/flywheel/backend/engine/AbstractInstancer.java b/src/main/java/com/jozufozu/flywheel/backend/engine/AbstractInstancer.java
index 62c905e65..8b7b00af1 100644
--- a/src/main/java/com/jozufozu/flywheel/backend/engine/AbstractInstancer.java
+++ b/src/main/java/com/jozufozu/flywheel/backend/engine/AbstractInstancer.java
@@ -161,7 +161,16 @@ public abstract class AbstractInstancer<I extends Instance> implements Instancer
 	 * Clear all instances without freeing resources.
 	 */
 	public void clear() {
-		handles.forEach(InstanceHandleImpl::clear);
+		for (InstanceHandleImpl handle : handles) {
+			// Only clear instances that belong to this instancer.
+			// If one of these handles was stolen by another instancer,
+			// clearing it here would cause significant visual artifacts and instance leaks.
+			// At the same time, we need to clear handles we own to prevent
+			// instances from changing/deleting positions in this instancer that no longer exist.
+			if (handle.instancer == this) {
+				handle.clear();
+			}
+		}
 		instances.clear();
 		handles.clear();
 		changed.clear();
diff --git a/src/main/java/com/jozufozu/flywheel/backend/engine/DrawManager.java b/src/main/java/com/jozufozu/flywheel/backend/engine/DrawManager.java
index 78f5aa65e..c003a9264 100644
--- a/src/main/java/com/jozufozu/flywheel/backend/engine/DrawManager.java
+++ b/src/main/java/com/jozufozu/flywheel/backend/engine/DrawManager.java
@@ -4,7 +4,9 @@ import java.util.ArrayList;
 import java.util.HashMap;
 import java.util.List;
 import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.Queue;
 import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap;
+import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentLinkedQueue;
 
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.Flywheel;
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.api.backend.Engine;
@@ -32,7 +34,7 @@ public abstract class DrawManager<N extends AbstractInstancer<?>> {
 	 * <br>
 	 * All new instancers land here before having resources allocated in {@link #flush}.
 	 */
-	protected final List<UninitializedInstancer<N, ?>> initializationQueue = new ArrayList<>();
+	protected final Queue<UninitializedInstancer<N, ?>> initializationQueue = new ConcurrentLinkedQueue<>();
 
 	@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
 	public <I extends Instance> Instancer<I> getInstancer(Environment environment, InstanceType<I> type, Model model, RenderStage stage) {
@@ -72,7 +74,8 @@ public abstract class DrawManager<N extends AbstractInstancer<?>> {
 		// Only queue the instancer for initialization if it has anything to render.
 		if (checkAndWarnEmptyModel(key.model())) {
 			// Thread safety: this method is called atomically from within computeIfAbsent,
-			// so we don't need extra synchronization to protect the queue.
+			// so you'd think we don't need extra synchronization to protect the queue, but
+			// somehow threads can race here and wind up never initializing an instancer.
 			initializationQueue.add(new UninitializedInstancer<>(key, out));
 		}
 		return out;