Merge branch '1.17/dev' into 1.18/dev

src/main/java/com/jozufozu/flywheel/backend/instancing/CPUInstancer.java

@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+package com.jozufozu.flywheel.backend.instancing;
+
+import com.jozufozu.flywheel.backend.struct.BatchingTransformer;
+import com.jozufozu.flywheel.backend.struct.StructType;
+import com.jozufozu.flywheel.core.model.IModel;
+import com.mojang.blaze3d.vertex.PoseStack;
+import com.mojang.blaze3d.vertex.VertexConsumer;
+
+public class CPUInstancer<D extends InstanceData> extends AbstractInstancer<D> {
+
+	private final BatchingTransformer<D> renderer;
+
+	public CPUInstancer(StructType<D> type, IModel modelData) {
+		super(type, modelData);
+
+		renderer = type.asBatched()
+				.getTransformer(modelData);
+	}
+
+	public void drawAll(PoseStack stack, VertexConsumer buffer) {
+		if (renderer == null) {
+			return;
+		}
+
+		renderSetup();
+
+		for (D d : data) {
+			renderer.draw(d, stack, buffer);
+		}
+	}
+
+	protected void renderSetup() {
+		if (anyToRemove) {
+			removeDeletedInstances();
+		}
+
+		anyToRemove = anyToUpdate = false;
+	}
+}

src/main/java/com/jozufozu/flywheel/backend/instancing/InstanceManager.java

@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ import javax.annotation.Nullable;
 
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.backend.Backend;
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.backend.material.MaterialManager;
-import com.jozufozu.flywheel.backend.material.MaterialManagerImpl;
+import com.jozufozu.flywheel.backend.material.instancing.InstancingEngine;
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.light.LightUpdater;
 import com.mojang.math.Vector3f;
 
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ import net.minecraft.client.Camera;
 import net.minecraft.core.BlockPos;
 import net.minecraft.util.Mth;
 
-public abstract class InstanceManager<T> implements MaterialManagerImpl.OriginShiftListener {
+public abstract class InstanceManager<T> implements InstancingEngine.OriginShiftListener {
 
 	public final MaterialManager materialManager;
 
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ public abstract class InstanceManager<T> implements MaterialManagerImpl.OriginSh
 	protected int frame;
 	protected int tick;
 
-	public InstanceManager(MaterialManagerImpl<?> materialManager) {
+	public InstanceManager(MaterialManager materialManager) {
 		this.materialManager = materialManager;
 		this.queuedUpdates = new HashSet<>(64);
 		this.queuedAdditions = new HashSet<>(64);
@@ -41,8 +41,6 @@ public abstract class InstanceManager<T> implements MaterialManagerImpl.OriginSh
 
 		this.dynamicInstances = new Object2ObjectOpenHashMap<>();
 		this.tickableInstances = new Object2ObjectOpenHashMap<>();
-
-		materialManager.addListener(this);
 	}
 
 	/**

src/main/java/com/jozufozu/flywheel/backend/instancing/InstanceWorld.java

@@ -2,8 +2,9 @@ package com.jozufozu.flywheel.backend.instancing;
 
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.backend.instancing.entity.EntityInstanceManager;
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.backend.instancing.tile.TileInstanceManager;
-import com.jozufozu.flywheel.backend.material.MaterialManager;
+import com.jozufozu.flywheel.backend.material.Engine;
-import com.jozufozu.flywheel.backend.material.MaterialManagerImpl;
+import com.jozufozu.flywheel.backend.material.instancing.InstancingEngine;
+import com.jozufozu.flywheel.backend.material.batching.BatchingEngine;
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.core.Contexts;
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.core.shader.WorldProgram;
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.event.BeginFrameEvent;
@@ -22,20 +23,28 @@ import net.minecraft.world.level.block.entity.BlockEntity;
  * </p>
  */
 public class InstanceWorld {
-	protected final MaterialManagerImpl<WorldProgram> materialManager;
+	protected final Engine engine;
 	protected final InstanceManager<Entity> entityInstanceManager;
 	protected final InstanceManager<BlockEntity> tileEntityInstanceManager;
 
 	public InstanceWorld() {
+		
+		// TODO: finish impl
+		if (false) {
+			engine = new BatchingEngine();
+			entityInstanceManager = new EntityInstanceManager(engine);
+			tileEntityInstanceManager = new TileInstanceManager(engine);
+		} else {
+			InstancingEngine<WorldProgram> manager = InstancingEngine.builder(Contexts.WORLD)
+					.build();
 
-		materialManager = MaterialManagerImpl.builder(Contexts.WORLD)
+			entityInstanceManager = new EntityInstanceManager(manager);
-				.build();
+			tileEntityInstanceManager = new TileInstanceManager(manager);
-		entityInstanceManager = new EntityInstanceManager(materialManager);
-		tileEntityInstanceManager = new TileInstanceManager(materialManager);
-	}
 
-	public MaterialManager getMaterialManager() {
+			manager.addListener(entityInstanceManager);
-		return materialManager;
+			manager.addListener(tileEntityInstanceManager);
+			engine = manager;
+		}
 	}
 
 	public InstanceManager<Entity> getEntityInstanceManager() {
@@ -50,7 +59,7 @@ public class InstanceWorld {
 	 * Free all acquired resources and invalidate this instance world.
 	 */
 	public void delete() {
-		materialManager.delete();
+		engine.delete();
 	}
 
 	/**
@@ -73,7 +82,7 @@ public class InstanceWorld {
 	 * </p>
 	 */
 	public void beginFrame(BeginFrameEvent event) {
-		materialManager.beginFrame(event.getInfo());
+		engine.beginFrame(event.getInfo());
 
 		tileEntityInstanceManager.beginFrame(event.getInfo());
 		entityInstanceManager.beginFrame(event.getInfo());
@@ -99,6 +108,6 @@ public class InstanceWorld {
 	 * Draw the given layer.
 	 */
 	public void renderLayer(RenderLayerEvent event) {
-		materialManager.render(event.layer, event.viewProjection, event.camX, event.camY, event.camZ);
+		engine.render(event, event.buffers.bufferSource());
 	}
 }

src/main/java/com/jozufozu/flywheel/backend/instancing/entity/EntityInstanceManager.java

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ import com.jozufozu.flywheel.backend.Backend;
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.backend.instancing.AbstractInstance;
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.backend.instancing.InstanceManager;
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.backend.instancing.InstancedRenderRegistry;
-import com.jozufozu.flywheel.backend.material.MaterialManagerImpl;
+import com.jozufozu.flywheel.backend.material.MaterialManager;
 
 import net.minecraft.core.BlockPos;
 import net.minecraft.world.entity.Entity;
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ import net.minecraft.world.level.Level;
 
 public class EntityInstanceManager extends InstanceManager<Entity> {
 
-	public EntityInstanceManager(MaterialManagerImpl<?> materialManager) {
+	public EntityInstanceManager(MaterialManager materialManager) {
 		super(materialManager);
 	}
 

src/main/java/com/jozufozu/flywheel/backend/instancing/tile/TileInstanceManager.java

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ import com.jozufozu.flywheel.backend.Backend;
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.backend.instancing.AbstractInstance;
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.backend.instancing.InstanceManager;
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.backend.instancing.InstancedRenderRegistry;
-import com.jozufozu.flywheel.backend.material.MaterialManagerImpl;
+import com.jozufozu.flywheel.backend.material.MaterialManager;
 
 import net.minecraft.core.BlockPos;
 import net.minecraft.world.level.BlockGetter;
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ import net.minecraft.world.level.block.entity.BlockEntity;
 
 public class TileInstanceManager extends InstanceManager<BlockEntity> {
 
-	public TileInstanceManager(MaterialManagerImpl<?> materialManager) {
+	public TileInstanceManager(MaterialManager materialManager) {
 		super(materialManager);
 	}
 

src/main/java/com/jozufozu/flywheel/backend/material/Engine.java

@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+package com.jozufozu.flywheel.backend.material;
+
+public interface Engine extends RenderDispatcher, MaterialManager {
+}

src/main/java/com/jozufozu/flywheel/backend/material/MaterialManager.java

@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ public interface MaterialManager {
 	 * Get a material group that will render in the given layer with the given state.
 	 *
 	 * @param layer The {@link RenderLayer} you want to draw in.
-	 * @param state The {@link net.minecraft.client.renderer.RenderType} you need to draw with.
+	 * @param state The {@link RenderType} you need to draw with.
 	 * @return A material group whose children will
 	 */
 	MaterialGroup state(RenderLayer layer, RenderType state);

src/main/java/com/jozufozu/flywheel/backend/material/RenderDispatcher.java

@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+package com.jozufozu.flywheel.backend.material;
+
+import com.jozufozu.flywheel.backend.state.RenderLayer;
+import com.jozufozu.flywheel.event.RenderLayerEvent;
+
+import net.minecraft.client.Camera;
+import net.minecraft.client.renderer.MultiBufferSource;
+
+public interface RenderDispatcher {
+	/**
+	 * Render every model for every material.
+	 *
+	 * @param layer          Which of the 3 {@link RenderLayer render layers} is being drawn?
+	 * @param viewProjection How do we get from camera space to clip space?
+	 */
+	void render(RenderLayerEvent event, MultiBufferSource buffers);
+
+	/**
+	 * Maintain the integer origin coordinate to be within a certain distance from the camera in all directions.
+	 * <p>
+	 * This prevents floating point precision issues at high coordinates.
+	 */
+	void beginFrame(Camera info);
+
+	default void delete() {
+
+	}
+}

src/main/java/com/jozufozu/flywheel/backend/material/batching/BatchedMaterial.java

@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+package com.jozufozu.flywheel.backend.material.batching;
+
+import java.util.HashMap;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.function.Supplier;
+
+import com.jozufozu.flywheel.backend.instancing.CPUInstancer;
+import com.jozufozu.flywheel.backend.instancing.InstanceData;
+import com.jozufozu.flywheel.backend.instancing.Instancer;
+import com.jozufozu.flywheel.backend.material.Material;
+import com.jozufozu.flywheel.backend.material.MaterialSpec;
+import com.jozufozu.flywheel.backend.struct.StructType;
+import com.jozufozu.flywheel.core.model.IModel;
+import com.mojang.blaze3d.vertex.PoseStack;
+import com.mojang.blaze3d.vertex.VertexConsumer;
+
+public class BatchedMaterial<D extends InstanceData> implements Material<D> {
+
+	protected final Map<Object, CPUInstancer<D>> models;
+	private final StructType<D> type;
+
+	public BatchedMaterial(MaterialSpec<D> spec) {
+		type = spec.getInstanceType();
+
+		this.models = new HashMap<>();
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public Instancer<D> model(Object key, Supplier<IModel> modelSupplier) {
+		return models.computeIfAbsent(key, $ -> new CPUInstancer<>(type, modelSupplier.get()));
+	}
+
+	public void render(PoseStack stack, VertexConsumer buffer) {
+		for (CPUInstancer<D> instancer : models.values()) {
+			instancer.drawAll(stack, buffer);
+		}
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Clear all instance data without freeing resources.
+	 */
+	public void clear() {
+		models.values()
+				.forEach(CPUInstancer::clear);
+	}
+}

src/main/java/com/jozufozu/flywheel/backend/material/batching/BatchedMaterialGroup.java

@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+package com.jozufozu.flywheel.backend.material.batching;
+
+import java.util.HashMap;
+import java.util.Map;
+
+import com.jozufozu.flywheel.backend.instancing.InstanceData;
+import com.jozufozu.flywheel.backend.material.MaterialGroup;
+import com.jozufozu.flywheel.backend.material.MaterialSpec;
+import com.mojang.blaze3d.vertex.PoseStack;
+import com.mojang.blaze3d.vertex.VertexConsumer;
+
+import net.minecraft.client.renderer.MultiBufferSource;
+import net.minecraft.client.renderer.RenderType;
+
+public class BatchedMaterialGroup implements MaterialGroup {
+
+	protected final RenderType state;
+
+	private final Map<MaterialSpec<?>, BatchedMaterial<?>> materials = new HashMap<>();
+
+	public BatchedMaterialGroup(RenderType state) {
+		this.state = state;
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Get the material as defined by the given {@link MaterialSpec spec}.
+	 * @param spec The material you want to create instances with.
+	 * @param <D> The type representing the per instance data.
+	 * @return A
+	 */
+	@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+	@Override
+	public <D extends InstanceData> BatchedMaterial<D> material(MaterialSpec<D> spec) {
+		return (BatchedMaterial<D>) materials.computeIfAbsent(spec, BatchedMaterial::new);
+	}
+
+	public void render(PoseStack stack, MultiBufferSource source) {
+		VertexConsumer buffer = source.getBuffer(state);
+
+		for (BatchedMaterial<?> value : materials.values()) {
+			value.render(stack, buffer);
+		}
+	}
+
+	public void clear() {
+		materials.values().forEach(BatchedMaterial::clear);
+	}
+
+	public void delete() {
+		materials.clear();
+	}
+}

src/main/java/com/jozufozu/flywheel/backend/material/batching/BatchingEngine.java

@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+package com.jozufozu.flywheel.backend.material.batching;
+
+import java.util.EnumMap;
+import java.util.HashMap;
+import java.util.Map;
+
+import com.jozufozu.flywheel.backend.material.Engine;
+import com.jozufozu.flywheel.backend.material.MaterialGroup;
+import com.jozufozu.flywheel.backend.state.RenderLayer;
+import com.jozufozu.flywheel.event.RenderLayerEvent;
+
+import net.minecraft.client.Camera;
+import net.minecraft.client.renderer.MultiBufferSource;
+import net.minecraft.client.renderer.RenderType;
+import net.minecraft.core.BlockPos;
+import net.minecraft.core.Vec3i;
+
+public class BatchingEngine implements Engine {
+
+	protected BlockPos originCoordinate = BlockPos.ZERO;
+
+	protected final Map<RenderLayer, Map<RenderType, BatchedMaterialGroup>> layers;
+
+	public BatchingEngine() {
+		this.layers = new EnumMap<>(RenderLayer.class);
+		for (RenderLayer value : RenderLayer.values()) {
+			layers.put(value, new HashMap<>());
+		}
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public MaterialGroup state(RenderLayer layer, RenderType state) {
+		return layers.get(layer).computeIfAbsent(state, BatchedMaterialGroup::new);
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public Vec3i getOriginCoordinate() {
+		return originCoordinate;
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public void render(RenderLayerEvent event, MultiBufferSource buffers) {
+		for (Map.Entry<RenderType, BatchedMaterialGroup> entry : layers.get(event.getLayer()).entrySet()) {
+			BatchedMaterialGroup group = entry.getValue();
+
+			group.render(event.stack, buffers);
+		}
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public void beginFrame(Camera info) {
+
+	}
+}

src/main/java/com/jozufozu/flywheel/backend/material/batching/package-info.java

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+@ParametersAreNonnullByDefault @MethodsReturnNonnullByDefault
+package com.jozufozu.flywheel.backend.material.batching;
+
+import javax.annotation.ParametersAreNonnullByDefault;
+
+import net.minecraft.MethodsReturnNonnullByDefault;

src/main/java/com/jozufozu/flywheel/backend/material/instancing/InstancedMaterial.java

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-package com.jozufozu.flywheel.backend.material;
+package com.jozufozu.flywheel.backend.material.instancing;
 
 import java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException;
 import java.util.function.Supplier;
@@ -9,6 +9,8 @@ import com.jozufozu.flywheel.backend.RenderWork;
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.backend.instancing.GPUInstancer;
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.backend.instancing.InstanceData;
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.backend.instancing.Instancer;
+import com.jozufozu.flywheel.backend.material.Material;
+import com.jozufozu.flywheel.backend.material.MaterialSpec;
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.backend.model.ModelPool;
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.backend.struct.StructType;
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.core.model.IModel;
@@ -17,13 +19,13 @@ import com.jozufozu.flywheel.core.model.IModel;
  * A collection of Instancers that all have the same format.
  * @param <D>
  */
-public class MaterialImpl<D extends InstanceData> implements Material<D> {
+public class InstancedMaterial<D extends InstanceData> implements Material<D> {
 
 	final ModelPool modelPool;
 	protected final Cache<Object, GPUInstancer<D>> models;
 	protected final StructType<D> type;
 
-	public MaterialImpl(MaterialSpec<D> spec) {
+	public InstancedMaterial(MaterialSpec<D> spec) {
 		this.type = spec.getInstanceType();
 
 		modelPool = new ModelPool(spec.getModelFormat(), 64);

src/main/java/com/jozufozu/flywheel/backend/material/instancing/InstancedMaterialGroup.java

@@ -1,10 +1,12 @@
-package com.jozufozu.flywheel.backend.material;
+package com.jozufozu.flywheel.backend.material.instancing;
 
 import java.util.ArrayList;
 import java.util.HashMap;
 import java.util.Map;
 
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.backend.instancing.InstanceData;
+import com.jozufozu.flywheel.backend.material.MaterialGroup;
+import com.jozufozu.flywheel.backend.material.MaterialSpec;
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.core.shader.WorldProgram;
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.util.TextureBinder;
 import com.mojang.math.Matrix4f;
@@ -17,15 +19,15 @@ import net.minecraft.client.renderer.RenderType;
  * The children of a material group will all be rendered at the same time.
  * No guarantees are made about the order of draw calls.
  */
-public class MaterialGroupImpl<P extends WorldProgram> implements MaterialGroup {
+public class InstancedMaterialGroup<P extends WorldProgram> implements MaterialGroup {
 
-	protected final MaterialManagerImpl<P> owner;
+	protected final InstancingEngine<P> owner;
 
-	protected final ArrayList<MaterialRenderer<P>> renderers = new ArrayList<>();
+	protected final ArrayList<InstancedMaterialRenderer<P>> renderers = new ArrayList<>();
 
-	private final Map<MaterialSpec<?>, MaterialImpl<?>> materials = new HashMap<>();
+	private final Map<MaterialSpec<?>, InstancedMaterial<?>> materials = new HashMap<>();
 
-	public MaterialGroupImpl(MaterialManagerImpl<P> owner) {
+	public InstancedMaterialGroup(InstancingEngine<P> owner) {
 		this.owner = owner;
 	}
 
@@ -37,14 +39,14 @@ public class MaterialGroupImpl<P extends WorldProgram> implements MaterialGroup
 	 */
 	@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
 	@Override
-	public <D extends InstanceData> MaterialImpl<D> material(MaterialSpec<D> spec) {
+	public <D extends InstanceData> InstancedMaterial<D> material(MaterialSpec<D> spec) {
-		return (MaterialImpl<D>) materials.computeIfAbsent(spec, this::createInstanceMaterial);
+		return (InstancedMaterial<D>) materials.computeIfAbsent(spec, this::createInstanceMaterial);
 	}
 
 	public void render(RenderType type, Matrix4f viewProjection, double camX, double camY, double camZ) {
 		type.setupRenderState();
 		TextureBinder.bindActiveTextures();
-		for (MaterialRenderer<P> renderer : renderers) {
+		for (InstancedMaterialRenderer<P> renderer : renderers) {
 			renderer.render(viewProjection, camX, camY, camZ);
 		}
 		type.clearRenderState();
@@ -55,21 +57,21 @@ public class MaterialGroupImpl<P extends WorldProgram> implements MaterialGroup
 	}
 
 	public void clear() {
-		materials.values().forEach(MaterialImpl::clear);
+		materials.values().forEach(InstancedMaterial::clear);
 	}
 
 	public void delete() {
 		materials.values()
-				.forEach(MaterialImpl::delete);
+				.forEach(InstancedMaterial::delete);
 
 		materials.clear();
 		renderers.clear();
 	}
 
-	private MaterialImpl<?> createInstanceMaterial(MaterialSpec<?> type) {
+	private InstancedMaterial<?> createInstanceMaterial(MaterialSpec<?> type) {
-		MaterialImpl<?> material = new MaterialImpl<>(type);
+		InstancedMaterial<?> material = new InstancedMaterial<>(type);
 
-		this.renderers.add(new MaterialRenderer<>(owner.getProgram(type.getProgramName()), material, this::setup));
+		this.renderers.add(new InstancedMaterialRenderer<>(owner.getProgram(type.getProgramName()), material, this::setup));
 
 		return material;
 	}

src/main/java/com/jozufozu/flywheel/backend/material/instancing/InstancedMaterialRenderer.java

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-package com.jozufozu.flywheel.backend.material;
+package com.jozufozu.flywheel.backend.material.instancing;
 
 import java.util.Collection;
 import java.util.function.Consumer;
@@ -8,14 +8,14 @@ import com.jozufozu.flywheel.backend.instancing.GPUInstancer;
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.core.shader.WorldProgram;
 import com.mojang.math.Matrix4f;
 
-public class MaterialRenderer<P extends WorldProgram> {
+public class InstancedMaterialRenderer<P extends WorldProgram> {
 
 	protected final Supplier<P> program;
-	protected final MaterialImpl<?> material;
+	protected final InstancedMaterial<?> material;
 
 	protected final Consumer<P> setupFunc;
 
-	public MaterialRenderer(Supplier<P> programSupplier, MaterialImpl<?> material, Consumer<P> setupFunc) {
+	public InstancedMaterialRenderer(Supplier<P> programSupplier, InstancedMaterial<?> material, Consumer<P> setupFunc) {
 		this.program = programSupplier;
 		this.material = material;
 		this.setupFunc = setupFunc;

src/main/java/com/jozufozu/flywheel/backend/material/instancing/InstancingEngine.java

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-package com.jozufozu.flywheel.backend.material;
+package com.jozufozu.flywheel.backend.material.instancing;
 
 import java.util.EnumMap;
 import java.util.HashMap;
@@ -7,20 +7,24 @@ import java.util.function.Supplier;
 
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.backend.gl.GlVertexArray;
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.backend.gl.buffer.GlBufferType;
+import com.jozufozu.flywheel.backend.material.Engine;
+import com.jozufozu.flywheel.backend.material.MaterialGroup;
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.backend.state.RenderLayer;
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.core.WorldContext;
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.core.shader.WorldProgram;
+import com.jozufozu.flywheel.event.RenderLayerEvent;
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.util.WeakHashSet;
 import com.mojang.math.Matrix4f;
 
 import net.minecraft.client.Camera;
+import net.minecraft.client.renderer.MultiBufferSource;
 import net.minecraft.client.renderer.RenderType;
 import net.minecraft.core.BlockPos;
 import net.minecraft.core.Vec3i;
 import net.minecraft.resources.ResourceLocation;
 import net.minecraft.util.Mth;
 
-public class MaterialManagerImpl<P extends WorldProgram> implements MaterialManager {
+public class InstancingEngine<P extends WorldProgram> implements Engine {
 
 	public static int MAX_ORIGIN_DISTANCE = 100;
 
@@ -30,19 +34,19 @@ public class MaterialManagerImpl<P extends WorldProgram> implements MaterialMana
 	protected final GroupFactory<P> groupFactory;
 	protected final boolean ignoreOriginCoordinate;
 
-	protected final Map<RenderLayer, Map<RenderType, MaterialGroupImpl<P>>> layers;
+	protected final Map<RenderLayer, Map<RenderType, InstancedMaterialGroup<P>>> layers;
 
 	private final WeakHashSet<OriginShiftListener> listeners;
 
-	public MaterialManagerImpl(WorldContext<P> context) {
+	public InstancingEngine(WorldContext<P> context) {
-		this(context, MaterialGroupImpl::new, false);
+		this(context, InstancedMaterialGroup::new, false);
 	}
 
 	public static <P extends WorldProgram> Builder<P> builder(WorldContext<P> context) {
 		return new Builder<>(context);
 	}
 
-	public MaterialManagerImpl(WorldContext<P> context, GroupFactory<P> groupFactory, boolean ignoreOriginCoordinate) {
+	public InstancingEngine(WorldContext<P> context, GroupFactory<P> groupFactory, boolean ignoreOriginCoordinate) {
 		this.context = context;
 		this.ignoreOriginCoordinate = ignoreOriginCoordinate;
 
@@ -69,10 +73,13 @@ public class MaterialManagerImpl<P extends WorldProgram> implements MaterialMana
 
 	/**
 	 * Render every model for every material.
-	 * @param layer          Which of the 3 {@link RenderLayer render layers} is being drawn?
-	 * @param viewProjection How do we get from camera space to clip space?
 	 */
-	public void render(RenderLayer layer, Matrix4f viewProjection, double camX, double camY, double camZ) {
+	@Override
+	public void render(RenderLayerEvent event, MultiBufferSource buffers) {
+		double camX = event.camX;
+		double camY = event.camY;
+		double camZ = event.camZ;
+		Matrix4f viewProjection = event.viewProjection;
 		if (!ignoreOriginCoordinate) {
 			camX -= originCoordinate.getX();
 			camY -= originCoordinate.getY();
@@ -85,9 +92,9 @@ public class MaterialManagerImpl<P extends WorldProgram> implements MaterialMana
 			viewProjection = translate;
 		}
 
-		for (Map.Entry<RenderType, MaterialGroupImpl<P>> entry : layers.get(layer).entrySet()) {
+		for (Map.Entry<RenderType, InstancedMaterialGroup<P>> entry : layers.get(event.getLayer()).entrySet()) {
 			RenderType state = entry.getKey();
-			MaterialGroupImpl<P> group = entry.getValue();
+			InstancedMaterialGroup<P> group = entry.getValue();
 
 			group.render(state, viewProjection, camX, camY, camZ);
 		}
@@ -97,10 +104,11 @@ public class MaterialManagerImpl<P extends WorldProgram> implements MaterialMana
 		GlVertexArray.unbind();
 	}
 
+	@Override
 	public void delete() {
-		for (Map<RenderType, MaterialGroupImpl<P>> groups : layers.values()) {
+		for (Map<RenderType, InstancedMaterialGroup<P>> groups : layers.values()) {
 
-			groups.values().forEach(MaterialGroupImpl::delete);
+			groups.values().forEach(InstancedMaterialGroup::delete);
 		}
 	}
 
@@ -122,6 +130,7 @@ public class MaterialManagerImpl<P extends WorldProgram> implements MaterialMana
 	 *
 	 * This prevents floating point precision issues at high coordinates.
 	 */
+	@Override
 	public void beginFrame(Camera info) {
 		int cX = Mth.floor(info.getPosition().x);
 		int cY = Mth.floor(info.getPosition().y);
@@ -135,8 +144,8 @@ public class MaterialManagerImpl<P extends WorldProgram> implements MaterialMana
 
 			originCoordinate = new BlockPos(cX, cY, cZ);
 
-			for (Map<RenderType, MaterialGroupImpl<P>> groups : layers.values()) {
+			for (Map<RenderType, InstancedMaterialGroup<P>> groups : layers.values()) {
-				groups.values().forEach(MaterialGroupImpl::clear);
+				groups.values().forEach(InstancedMaterialGroup::clear);
 			}
 
 			listeners.forEach(OriginShiftListener::onOriginShift);
@@ -150,12 +159,12 @@ public class MaterialManagerImpl<P extends WorldProgram> implements MaterialMana
 
 	@FunctionalInterface
 	public interface GroupFactory<P extends WorldProgram> {
-		MaterialGroupImpl<P> create(MaterialManagerImpl<P> materialManager);
+		InstancedMaterialGroup<P> create(InstancingEngine<P> materialManager);
 	}
 
 	public static class Builder<P extends WorldProgram> {
 		protected final WorldContext<P> context;
-		protected GroupFactory<P> groupFactory = MaterialGroupImpl::new;
+		protected GroupFactory<P> groupFactory = InstancedMaterialGroup::new;
 		protected boolean ignoreOriginCoordinate;
 
 		public Builder(WorldContext<P> context) {
@@ -172,8 +181,8 @@ public class MaterialManagerImpl<P extends WorldProgram> implements MaterialMana
 			return this;
 		}
 
-		public MaterialManagerImpl<P> build() {
+		public InstancingEngine<P> build() {
-			return new MaterialManagerImpl<>(context, groupFactory, ignoreOriginCoordinate);
+			return new InstancingEngine<>(context, groupFactory, ignoreOriginCoordinate);
 		}
 	}
 }

src/main/java/com/jozufozu/flywheel/backend/struct/Batched.java

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+package com.jozufozu.flywheel.backend.struct;
+
+import com.jozufozu.flywheel.core.model.IModel;
+
+public interface Batched<S> extends StructType<S> {
+
+	BatchingTransformer<S> getTransformer(IModel model);
+
+	@Override
+	default Batched<S> asBatched() {
+		return this;
+	}
+}

src/main/java/com/jozufozu/flywheel/backend/struct/BatchingTransformer.java

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+package com.jozufozu.flywheel.backend.struct;
+
+import com.mojang.blaze3d.vertex.PoseStack;
+import com.mojang.blaze3d.vertex.VertexConsumer;
+
+public abstract class BatchingTransformer<S> {
+
+	public void draw(S s, PoseStack stack, VertexConsumer consumer) {
+
+	}
+}

src/main/java/com/jozufozu/flywheel/backend/struct/StructType.java

@@ -19,4 +19,6 @@ public interface StructType<S> {
 	VertexFormat format();
 
 	Writeable<S> asWriteable();
+
+	Batched<S> asBatched();
 }

src/main/java/com/jozufozu/flywheel/core/crumbling/CrumblingGroup.java

@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 package com.jozufozu.flywheel.core.crumbling;
 
-import com.jozufozu.flywheel.backend.material.MaterialGroupImpl;
+import com.jozufozu.flywheel.backend.material.instancing.InstancedMaterialGroup;
-import com.jozufozu.flywheel.backend.material.MaterialManagerImpl;
+import com.jozufozu.flywheel.backend.material.instancing.InstancingEngine;
-import com.jozufozu.flywheel.backend.material.MaterialRenderer;
+import com.jozufozu.flywheel.backend.material.instancing.InstancedMaterialRenderer;
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.core.atlas.AtlasInfo;
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.core.atlas.SheetData;
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.util.RenderTextures;
@@ -13,12 +13,12 @@ import com.mojang.math.Matrix4f;
 import net.minecraft.client.renderer.RenderType;
 import net.minecraft.resources.ResourceLocation;
 
-public class CrumblingGroup<P extends CrumblingProgram> extends MaterialGroupImpl<P> {
+public class CrumblingGroup<P extends CrumblingProgram> extends InstancedMaterialGroup<P> {
 
 	private int width;
 	private int height;
 
-	public CrumblingGroup(MaterialManagerImpl<P> owner) {
+	public CrumblingGroup(InstancingEngine<P> owner) {
 		super(owner);
 	}
 
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ public class CrumblingGroup<P extends CrumblingProgram> extends MaterialGroupImp
 		RenderSystem.setShaderTexture(4, breakingTex);
 
 		TextureBinder.bindActiveTextures();
-		for (MaterialRenderer<P> renderer : renderers) {
+		for (InstancedMaterialRenderer<P> renderer : renderers) {
 			renderer.render(viewProjection, camX, camY, camZ);
 		}
 

src/main/java/com/jozufozu/flywheel/core/crumbling/CrumblingInstanceManager.java

@@ -1,13 +1,13 @@
 package com.jozufozu.flywheel.core.crumbling;
 
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.backend.instancing.tile.TileInstanceManager;
-import com.jozufozu.flywheel.backend.material.MaterialManagerImpl;
+import com.jozufozu.flywheel.backend.material.MaterialManager;
 
 import net.minecraft.core.BlockPos;
 
 public class CrumblingInstanceManager extends TileInstanceManager {
 
-	public CrumblingInstanceManager(MaterialManagerImpl<?> materialManager) {
+	public CrumblingInstanceManager(MaterialManager materialManager) {
 		super(materialManager);
 	}
 

src/main/java/com/jozufozu/flywheel/core/crumbling/CrumblingRenderer.java

@@ -6,17 +6,15 @@ import java.util.SortedSet;
 
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.backend.Backend;
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.backend.gl.GlTextureUnit;
-import com.jozufozu.flywheel.backend.gl.error.GlError;
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.backend.instancing.InstanceManager;
-import com.jozufozu.flywheel.backend.material.MaterialManagerImpl;
+import com.jozufozu.flywheel.backend.material.instancing.InstancingEngine;
-import com.jozufozu.flywheel.backend.state.RenderLayer;
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.core.Contexts;
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.event.ReloadRenderersEvent;
+import com.jozufozu.flywheel.event.RenderLayerEvent;
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.mixin.LevelRendererAccessor;
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.util.Lazy;
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.util.Pair;
 import com.mojang.blaze3d.systems.RenderSystem;
-import com.mojang.math.Matrix4f;
 
 import it.unimi.dsi.fastutil.ints.Int2ObjectArrayMap;
 import it.unimi.dsi.fastutil.ints.Int2ObjectMap;
@@ -55,17 +53,17 @@ public class CrumblingRenderer {
 		INVALIDATOR = state.getSecond();
 	}
 
-	public static void renderBreaking(ClientLevel world, Matrix4f viewProjection, double cameraX, double cameraY, double cameraZ) {
+	public static void renderBreaking(RenderLayerEvent event) {
 		if (!Backend.getInstance()
-				.canUseInstancing(world)) return;
+				.canUseInstancing(event.getWorld())) return;
 
-		Int2ObjectMap<List<BlockEntity>> activeStages = getActiveStageTiles(world);
+		Int2ObjectMap<List<BlockEntity>> activeStages = getActiveStageTiles(event.getWorld());
 
 		if (activeStages.isEmpty()) return;
 
 		State state = STATE.get();
 		InstanceManager<BlockEntity> instanceManager = state.instanceManager;
-		MaterialManagerImpl<CrumblingProgram> materials = state.materialManager;
+		InstancingEngine<CrumblingProgram> materials = state.materialManager;
 
 		TextureManager textureManager = Minecraft.getInstance().getTextureManager();
 		Camera info = Minecraft.getInstance().gameRenderer.getMainCamera();
@@ -79,7 +77,7 @@ public class CrumblingRenderer {
 
 				instanceManager.beginFrame(info);
 
-				materials.render(RenderLayer.SOLID, viewProjection, cameraX, cameraY, cameraZ);
+				materials.render(event, null);
 
 				instanceManager.invalidate();
 			}
@@ -133,14 +131,15 @@ public class CrumblingRenderer {
 	}
 
 	private static class State {
-		private final MaterialManagerImpl<CrumblingProgram> materialManager;
+		private final InstancingEngine<CrumblingProgram> materialManager;
 		private final InstanceManager<BlockEntity> instanceManager;
 
 		private State() {
-			materialManager = MaterialManagerImpl.builder(Contexts.CRUMBLING)
+			materialManager = InstancingEngine.builder(Contexts.CRUMBLING)
 					.setGroupFactory(CrumblingGroup::new)
 					.build();
 			instanceManager = new CrumblingInstanceManager(materialManager);
+			materialManager.addListener(instanceManager);
 		}
 
 		private void kill() {

src/main/java/com/jozufozu/flywheel/core/materials/model/ModelTransformer.java

@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+package com.jozufozu.flywheel.core.materials.model;
+
+import com.jozufozu.flywheel.backend.struct.BatchingTransformer;
+import com.jozufozu.flywheel.core.model.IModel;
+
+public class ModelTransformer extends BatchingTransformer<ModelData> {
+	public ModelTransformer(IModel model) {
+
+
+		//model.buffer();
+	}
+}

src/main/java/com/jozufozu/flywheel/core/materials/model/ModelType.java

@@ -2,12 +2,15 @@ package com.jozufozu.flywheel.core.materials.model;
 
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.backend.gl.attrib.VertexFormat;
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.backend.gl.buffer.VecBuffer;
+import com.jozufozu.flywheel.backend.struct.Batched;
+import com.jozufozu.flywheel.backend.struct.BatchingTransformer;
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.backend.struct.StructWriter;
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.backend.struct.Writeable;
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.core.Formats;
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.core.materials.model.writer.UnsafeModelWriter;
+import com.jozufozu.flywheel.core.model.IModel;
 
-public class ModelType implements Writeable<ModelData> {
+public class ModelType implements Writeable<ModelData>, Batched<ModelData> {
 
 	@Override
 	public ModelData create() {
@@ -23,4 +26,9 @@ public class ModelType implements Writeable<ModelData> {
 	public StructWriter<ModelData> getWriter(VecBuffer backing) {
 		return new UnsafeModelWriter(backing, this);
 	}
+
+	@Override
+	public BatchingTransformer<ModelData> getTransformer(IModel model) {
+		return null;
+	}
 }

src/main/java/com/jozufozu/flywheel/core/materials/oriented/OrientedType.java

@@ -2,12 +2,15 @@ package com.jozufozu.flywheel.core.materials.oriented;
 
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.backend.gl.attrib.VertexFormat;
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.backend.gl.buffer.VecBuffer;
+import com.jozufozu.flywheel.backend.struct.Batched;
+import com.jozufozu.flywheel.backend.struct.BatchingTransformer;
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.backend.struct.StructWriter;
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.backend.struct.Writeable;
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.core.Formats;
 import com.jozufozu.flywheel.core.materials.oriented.writer.UnsafeOrientedWriter;
+import com.jozufozu.flywheel.core.model.IModel;
 
-public class OrientedType implements Writeable<OrientedData> {
+public class OrientedType implements Writeable<OrientedData>, Batched<OrientedData> {
 
 	@Override
 	public OrientedData create() {
@@ -23,4 +26,9 @@ public class OrientedType implements Writeable<OrientedData> {
 	public StructWriter<OrientedData> getWriter(VecBuffer backing) {
 		return new UnsafeOrientedWriter(backing, this);
 	}
+
+	@Override
+	public BatchingTransformer<OrientedData> getTransformer(IModel model) {
+		return null;
+	}
 }

src/main/java/com/jozufozu/flywheel/mixin/RenderHooksMixin.java

@@ -82,13 +82,9 @@ public class RenderHooksMixin {
 		if (!Backend.getInstance()
 				.available()) return;
 
-		Matrix4f view = stack.last()
-				.pose();
-		Matrix4f viewProjection = view.copy();
-		viewProjection.multiplyBackward(RenderSystem.getProjectionMatrix());
-
 		Vec3 cameraPos = info.getPosition();
-		CrumblingRenderer.renderBreaking(level, viewProjection, cameraPos.x, cameraPos.y, cameraPos.z);
+
+		CrumblingRenderer.renderBreaking(new RenderLayerEvent(level, null, stack, null, cameraPos.x, cameraPos.y, cameraPos.z));
 
 		if (!OptifineHandler.usingShaders()) GL20.glUseProgram(0);
 	}