mirror of
https://gitlab.com/simple-nixos-mailserver/nixos-mailserver.git
synced 2024-12-27 07:26:22 +01:00
Rework the setup guide
This commit is contained in:
Antoine Eiche
lewo
parent
d75614a653
commit
66e8baa6f2
4 changed files with 155 additions and 226 deletions
30
docs/flakes.rst
Normal file
30
docs/flakes.rst
Normal file
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
|
|||
Nix Flakes
|
||||
==========
|
||||
|
||||
If you're using `flakes <https://nixos.wiki/wiki/Flakes>`__, you can use
|
||||
the following minimal ``flake.nix`` as an example:
|
||||
|
||||
.. code:: nix
|
||||
|
||||
{
|
||||
description = "NixOS configuration";
|
||||
|
||||
inputs.simple-nixos-mailserver.url = "gitlab:simple-nixos-mailserver/nixos-mailserver/nixos-20.09";
|
||||
|
||||
outputs = { self, nixpkgs, simple-nixos-mailserver }: {
|
||||
nixosConfigurations = {
|
||||
hostname = nixpkgs.lib.nixosSystem {
|
||||
system = "x86_64-linux";
|
||||
modules = [
|
||||
simple-nixos-mailserver.nixosModule
|
||||
{
|
||||
mailserver = {
|
||||
enable = true;
|
||||
# ...
|
||||
};
|
||||
}
|
||||
];
|
||||
};
|
||||
};
|
||||
};
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
|
@ -13,7 +13,6 @@ Welcome to NixOS Mailserver's documentation!
|
|||
.. toctree::
|
||||
:maxdepth: 2
|
||||
|
||||
quick-start
|
||||
setup-guide
|
||||
howto-develop
|
||||
faq
|
||||
|
|
@ -27,6 +26,7 @@ Welcome to NixOS Mailserver's documentation!
|
|||
add-radicale
|
||||
rspamd-tuning
|
||||
fts
|
||||
flakes
|
||||
|
||||
Indices and tables
|
||||
==================
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -1,34 +0,0 @@
|
|||
Quick Start
|
||||
===========
|
||||
|
||||
.. code:: nix
|
||||
|
||||
{ config, pkgs, ... }:
|
||||
let release = "nixos-20.09";
|
||||
in {
|
||||
imports = [
|
||||
(builtins.fetchTarball {
|
||||
url = "https://gitlab.com/simple-nixos-mailserver/nixos-mailserver/-/archive/${release}/nixos-mailserver-${release}.tar.gz";
|
||||
# This hash needs to be updated
|
||||
sha256 = "0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000";
|
||||
})
|
||||
];
|
||||
|
||||
mailserver = {
|
||||
enable = true;
|
||||
fqdn = "mail.example.com";
|
||||
domains = [ "example.com" "example2.com" ];
|
||||
loginAccounts = {
|
||||
"user1@example.com" = {
|
||||
# nix run nixpkgs.apacheHttpd -c htpasswd -nbB "" "super secret password" | cut -d: -f2 > /hashed/password/file/location
|
||||
hashedPasswordFile = "/hashed/password/file/location";
|
||||
|
||||
aliases = [
|
||||
"info@example.com"
|
||||
"postmaster@example.com"
|
||||
"postmaster@example2.com"
|
||||
];
|
||||
};
|
||||
};
|
||||
};
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
|
@ -3,28 +3,53 @@ Setup Guide
|
|||
|
||||
Mail servers can be a tricky thing to set up. This guide is supposed to
|
||||
run you through the most important steps to achieve a 10/10 score on
|
||||
``mail-tester.com``.
|
||||
`<https://mail-tester.com>`_.
|
||||
|
||||
What you need:
|
||||
What you need is:
|
||||
|
||||
- A server with a public IP (referred to as ``server-IP``)
|
||||
- A Fully Qualified Domain Name (``FQDN``) where your server is
|
||||
reachable, so that other servers can find yours. Common FQDN include
|
||||
``mx.example.com`` (where ``example.com`` is a domain you own) or
|
||||
``mail.example.com``. The domain is referred to as ``server-domain``
|
||||
(``example.com`` in the above example) and the ``FQDN`` is referred
|
||||
to by ``server-FQDN`` (``mx.example.com`` above).
|
||||
- A list of domains you want to your email server to serve. (Note that
|
||||
this does not have to include ``server-domain``, but may of course).
|
||||
These will be referred to as ``domains``. As an example,
|
||||
``domains = [ example1.com, example2.com ]``.
|
||||
- a server running NixOS with a public IP
|
||||
- a domain name.
|
||||
|
||||
Setup server
|
||||
~~~~~~~~~~~~
|
||||
.. note::
|
||||
|
||||
In the following, we consider a server with the public IP ``1.2.3.4``
|
||||
and the domain ``example.com``.
|
||||
|
||||
First, we will set the minimum DNS configuration to be able to deploy
|
||||
an up and running mail server. Once the server is deployed, we could
|
||||
then set all DNS entries required to send and receive mails on this
|
||||
server.
|
||||
|
||||
Setup DNS A record for server
|
||||
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
|
||||
|
||||
Add a DNS record to the domain ``example.com`` with the following
|
||||
entries
|
||||
|
||||
==================== ===== ==== =============
|
||||
Name (Subdomain) TTL Type Value
|
||||
==================== ===== ==== =============
|
||||
``mail.example.com`` 10800 A ``1.2.3.4``
|
||||
==================== ===== ==== =============
|
||||
|
||||
You can check this with
|
||||
|
||||
::
|
||||
|
||||
$ ping mail.example.com
|
||||
64 bytes from mail.example.com (1.2.3.4): icmp_seq=1 ttl=46 time=21.3 ms
|
||||
...
|
||||
|
||||
Note that it can take a while until a DNS entry is propagated. This
|
||||
DNS entry is required for the Let's Encrypt certificate generation
|
||||
(which is used in the below configuration example).
|
||||
|
||||
Setup the server
|
||||
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
|
||||
|
||||
The following describes a server setup that is fairly complete. Even
|
||||
though there are more possible options (see ``default.nix``), these
|
||||
should be the most common ones.
|
||||
though there are more possible options (see the ``default.nix`` file),
|
||||
these should be the most common ones.
|
||||
|
||||
.. code:: nix
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -39,236 +64,144 @@ should be the most common ones.
|
|||
})
|
||||
];
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
mailserver = {
|
||||
enable = true;
|
||||
fqdn = <server-FQDN>;
|
||||
domains = [ <domains> ];
|
||||
fqdn = "mail.example.com";
|
||||
domains = [ "example.com" ];
|
||||
|
||||
# A list of all login accounts. To create the password hashes, use
|
||||
# nix run nixpkgs.apacheHttpd -c htpasswd -nbB "" "super secret password" | cut -d: -f2
|
||||
loginAccounts = {
|
||||
"user1@example.com" = {
|
||||
hashedPassword = "$6$/z4n8AQl6K$kiOkBTWlZfBd7PvF5GsJ8PmPgdZsFGN1jPGZufxxr60PoR0oUsrvzm2oQiflyz5ir9fFJ.d/zKm/NgLXNUsNX/";
|
||||
|
||||
aliases = [
|
||||
"postmaster@example.com"
|
||||
"postmaster@example2.com"
|
||||
];
|
||||
|
||||
# Make this user the catchAll address for domains example.com and
|
||||
# example2.com
|
||||
catchAll = [
|
||||
"example.com"
|
||||
"example2.com"
|
||||
];
|
||||
hashedPasswordFile = "/a/file/containing/a/hashed/password";
|
||||
aliases = ["postmaster@example.com"];
|
||||
};
|
||||
|
||||
"user2@example.com" = { ... };
|
||||
};
|
||||
|
||||
# Extra virtual aliases. These are email addresses that are forwarded to
|
||||
# loginAccounts addresses.
|
||||
extraVirtualAliases = {
|
||||
# address = forward address;
|
||||
"abuse@example.com" = "user1@example.com";
|
||||
};
|
||||
|
||||
# Use Let's Encrypt certificates. Note that this needs to set up a stripped
|
||||
# down nginx and opens port 80.
|
||||
certificateScheme = 3;
|
||||
|
||||
# Enable IMAP and POP3
|
||||
enableImap = true;
|
||||
enablePop3 = true;
|
||||
enableImapSsl = true;
|
||||
enablePop3Ssl = true;
|
||||
|
||||
# Enable the ManageSieve protocol
|
||||
enableManageSieve = true;
|
||||
|
||||
# whether to scan inbound emails for viruses (note that this requires at least
|
||||
# 1 Gb RAM for the server. Without virus scanning 256 MB RAM should be plenty)
|
||||
virusScanning = false;
|
||||
};
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
After a ``nixos-rebuild switch --upgrade`` your server should be good to
|
||||
go. If you want to use ``nixops`` to deploy the server, look in the
|
||||
subfolder ``nixops`` for some inspiration.
|
||||
After a ``nixos-rebuild switch`` your server should be running all
|
||||
mail components.
|
||||
|
||||
If you're using `flakes <https://nixos.wiki/wiki/Flakes>`__, you can use
|
||||
the following minimal ``flake.nix`` as an example:
|
||||
Setup all other DNS requirements
|
||||
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
|
||||
|
||||
.. code:: nix
|
||||
|
||||
{
|
||||
description = "NixOS configuration";
|
||||
|
||||
inputs.simple-nixos-mailserver.url = "gitlab:simple-nixos-mailserver/nixos-mailserver";
|
||||
|
||||
outputs = { self, nixpkgs, simple-nixos-mailserver }: {
|
||||
nixosConfigurations = {
|
||||
hostname = nixpkgs.lib.nixosSystem {
|
||||
system = "x86_64-linux";
|
||||
modules = [
|
||||
simple-nixos-mailserver.nixosModule
|
||||
{
|
||||
mailserver = {
|
||||
enable = true;
|
||||
# ...
|
||||
};
|
||||
}
|
||||
];
|
||||
};
|
||||
};
|
||||
};
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
Setup everything else
|
||||
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
|
||||
|
||||
Step 1: Set DNS entry for server
|
||||
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
|
||||
|
||||
Add a DNS record to the domain ``server-domain`` with the following
|
||||
entries
|
||||
|
||||
================ ===== ==== ======== =============
|
||||
Name (Subdomain) TTL Type Priority Value
|
||||
================ ===== ==== ======== =============
|
||||
``server-FQDN`` 10800 A ``server-IP``
|
||||
================ ===== ==== ======== =============
|
||||
|
||||
This resolves DNS queries for ``server-FQDN`` to ``server-IP``. You can
|
||||
test if your setting is correct by
|
||||
|
||||
::
|
||||
|
||||
ping <server-FQDN>
|
||||
|
||||
Expected output:
|
||||
|
||||
::
|
||||
|
||||
64 bytes from <server-FQDN> (<server-IP>): icmp_seq=1 ttl=46 time=21.3 ms
|
||||
...
|
||||
|
||||
Note that it can take a while until a DNS entry is propagated.
|
||||
|
||||
Step 2: Set rDNS (reverse DNS) entry for server
|
||||
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
|
||||
Set rDNS (reverse DNS) entry for server
|
||||
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
|
||||
|
||||
Wherever you have rented your server, you should be able to set reverse
|
||||
DNS entries for the IP’s you own. Add an entry resolving ``server-IP``
|
||||
to ``server-FQDN``
|
||||
DNS entries for the IP’s you own. Add an entry resolving ``1.2.3.4``
|
||||
to ``mail.example.com``
|
||||
|
||||
You can test if your setting is correct by
|
||||
You can check this with
|
||||
|
||||
::
|
||||
|
||||
host <server-IP>
|
||||
|
||||
Expected output:
|
||||
|
||||
::
|
||||
|
||||
<server-IP-octets-reversed>.in-addr.arpa domain name pointer <server-FQDN>.
|
||||
$ nix-shell -p bind --command "host 1.2.3.4"
|
||||
4.3.2.1.in-addr.arpa domain name pointer mail.example.com.
|
||||
|
||||
Note that it can take a while until a DNS entry is propagated.
|
||||
|
||||
Step 3: Set ``MX`` Records
|
||||
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
|
||||
Set a ``MX`` record
|
||||
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
|
||||
|
||||
For every ``domain`` in ``domains`` do: \* Add a ``MX`` record to the
|
||||
domain ``domain``
|
||||
|
||||
Add a ``MX`` record to the domain ``example.com``.
|
||||
|
||||
================ ==== ======== =================
|
||||
Name (Subdomain) Type Priority Value
|
||||
================ ==== ======== =================
|
||||
example.com MX 10 mail.example.com
|
||||
================ ==== ======== =================
|
||||
|
||||
You can check this with
|
||||
|
||||
::
|
||||
|
||||
| Name (Subdomain) | TTL | Type | Priority | Value |
|
||||
| ---------------- | ----- | ---- | -------- | ----------------- |
|
||||
| `domain` | | MX | 10 | `server-FQDN` |
|
||||
|
||||
You can test this via
|
||||
|
||||
::
|
||||
|
||||
dig -t MX <domain>
|
||||
|
||||
Expected output:
|
||||
|
||||
::
|
||||
|
||||
...
|
||||
;; ANSWER SECTION:
|
||||
<domain> 10800 IN MX 10 <server-FQDN>
|
||||
...
|
||||
$ nix-shell -p bind --command "host -t mx example.com"
|
||||
example.com mail is handled by 10 mail.example.com.
|
||||
|
||||
Note that it can take a while until a DNS entry is propagated.
|
||||
|
||||
Step 4: Set ``SPF`` Records
|
||||
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
|
||||
Set a ``SPF`` record
|
||||
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
|
||||
|
||||
For every ``domain`` in ``domains`` do: \* Add a ``SPF`` record to the
|
||||
domain ``domain``
|
||||
|
||||
::
|
||||
|
||||
| Name (Subdomain) | TTL | Type | Priority | Value |
|
||||
| ---------------- | ----- | ---- | -------- | ----------------- |
|
||||
| `domain` | 10800 | TXT | | `v=spf1 ip4:<server-IP> -all` |
|
||||
|
||||
You can check this with ``dig -t TXT <domain>`` similar to the last
|
||||
section. Note that ``SPF`` records are set as ``TXT`` records since
|
||||
RFC1035.
|
||||
|
||||
Note that it can take a while until a DNS entry is propagated. If you
|
||||
want to use multiple servers for your email handling, don’t forget to
|
||||
add all server IP’s to this list.
|
||||
|
||||
Step 5: Set ``DKIM`` signature
|
||||
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
|
||||
|
||||
In this section we assume that your ``dkimSelector`` is set to ``mail``.
|
||||
If you have a different selector, replace all ``mail``\ ’s below
|
||||
accordingly.
|
||||
|
||||
For every ``domain`` in ``domains`` do: \* Go to your server and
|
||||
navigate to the dkim key directory (by default ``/var/dkim``). There you
|
||||
will find a public key for any domain in the ``domain.txt`` file. It
|
||||
will look like
|
||||
``mail._domainkey IN TXT "v=DKIM1; r=postmaster; g=*; k=rsa; p=<really-long-key>" ; ----- DKIM mail for domain.tld``
|
||||
\* Add a ``DKIM`` record to the domain ``domain``
|
||||
|
||||
::
|
||||
|
||||
| Name (Subdomain) | TTL | Type | Priority | Value |
|
||||
| ---------------- | ----- | ---- | -------- | ----------------- |
|
||||
| mail._domainkey.`domain` | 10800 | TXT | | `v=DKIM1; p=<really-long-key>` |
|
||||
|
||||
You can check this with ``dig -t TXT mail._domainkey.<domain>`` similar
|
||||
to the last section.
|
||||
|
||||
Note that it can take a while until a DNS entry is propagated.
|
||||
|
||||
Step 6: Set ``DMARC`` record
|
||||
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
|
||||
|
||||
For every ``domain`` in ``domains`` do:
|
||||
|
||||
- Add a ``DMARC`` record to the domain ``domain``
|
||||
Add a `SPF <https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sender_Policy_Framework>`_
|
||||
record to the domain ``example.com``.
|
||||
|
||||
================ ===== ==== ================================
|
||||
Name (Subdomain) TTL Type Priority Value
|
||||
Name (Subdomain) TTL Type Value
|
||||
================ ===== ==== ================================
|
||||
\_dmarc.\ ``domain`` 10800 TXT ``v=DMARC1; p=none``
|
||||
example.com 10800 TXT `v=spf1 a:mail.example.com -all`
|
||||
================ ===== ==== ================================
|
||||
|
||||
You can check this with ``dig -t TXT _dmarc.<domain>`` similar to the
|
||||
last section.
|
||||
You can check this with
|
||||
|
||||
::
|
||||
|
||||
$ nix-shell -p bind --command "host -t TXT example.com"
|
||||
example.com descriptive text "v=spf1 a:mail.example.com -all"
|
||||
|
||||
Note that it can take a while until a DNS entry is propagated.
|
||||
|
||||
Set ``DKIM`` signature
|
||||
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
|
||||
|
||||
On your server, the ``opendkim`` systemd service generated a file
|
||||
containing your DKIM public key in the file
|
||||
``/var/dkim/example.com.mail.txt``. The content of this file looks
|
||||
like
|
||||
|
||||
::
|
||||
|
||||
mail._domainkey IN TXT "v=DKIM1; k=rsa; s=email; p=<really-long-key>" ; ----- DKIM mail for domain.tld
|
||||
|
||||
where ``really-long-key`` is your public key.
|
||||
|
||||
Based on the content of this file, we can add a ``DKIM`` record to the
|
||||
domain ``example.com``.
|
||||
|
||||
=========================== ===== ==== ==============================
|
||||
Name (Subdomain) TTL Type Value
|
||||
=========================== ===== ==== ==============================
|
||||
mail._domainkey.example.com 10800 TXT ``v=DKIM1; p=<really-long-key>``
|
||||
=========================== ===== ==== ==============================
|
||||
|
||||
You can check this with
|
||||
|
||||
::
|
||||
|
||||
$ nix-shell -p bind --command "host -t txt mail._domainkey.example.com"
|
||||
mail._domainkey.example.com descriptive text "v=DKIM1;p=<really-long-key>"
|
||||
|
||||
Note that it can take a while until a DNS entry is propagated.
|
||||
|
||||
Set a ``DMARC`` record
|
||||
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
|
||||
|
||||
Add a ``DMARC`` record to the domain ``example.com``.
|
||||
|
||||
======================== ===== ==== ====================
|
||||
Name (Subdomain) TTL Type Value
|
||||
======================== ===== ==== ====================
|
||||
_dmarc.example.com 10800 TXT ``v=DMARC1; p=none``
|
||||
======================== ===== ==== ====================
|
||||
|
||||
You can check this with
|
||||
|
||||
::
|
||||
|
||||
$ nix-shell -p bind --command "host -t TXT _dmarc.example.com"
|
||||
mail._domainkey.abesis.fr descriptive text "v=DKIM1;p=<really-long-key>"
|
||||
|
||||
Note that it can take a while until a DNS entry is propagated.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Test your Setup
|
||||
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
Loading…
Reference in a new issue