mirror of
https://gitlab.com/simple-nixos-mailserver/nixos-mailserver.git
synced 2024-12-28 16:06:12 +01:00
380 lines
11 KiB
Markdown
380 lines
11 KiB
Markdown
# ![Simple Nixos MailServer][logo]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
## Stable Releases
|
|
|
|
* [SNM v2.0.3](https://github.com/r-raymond/nixos-mailserver/releases/v2.0.3)
|
|
|
|
[Latest Release (Candidate)](https://github.com/r-raymond/nixos-mailserver/releases/latest)
|
|
|
|
[Subscribe to SNM Announcement List](https://www.freelists.org/list/snm)
|
|
This is a very low volume list where new releases of SNM are announced, so you
|
|
can stay up to date with bug fixes and updates. All announcements are signed by
|
|
the gpg key with fingerprint
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
D9FE 4119 F082 6F15 93BD BD36 6162 DBA5 635E A16A
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
## Features
|
|
### v2.0
|
|
* [x] Continous Integration Testing
|
|
* [x] Multiple Domains
|
|
* Postfix MTA
|
|
- [x] smtp on port 25
|
|
- [x] submission port 587
|
|
- [x] lmtp with dovecot
|
|
* Dovecot
|
|
- [x] maildir folders
|
|
- [x] imap starttls on port 143
|
|
- [x] pop3 starttls on port 110
|
|
* Certificates
|
|
- [x] manual certificates
|
|
- [x] on the fly creation
|
|
- [x] Let's Encrypt
|
|
* Spam Filtering
|
|
- [x] via rspamd
|
|
* Virus Scanning
|
|
- [x] via clamav
|
|
* DKIM Signing
|
|
- [x] via opendkim
|
|
* User Management
|
|
- [x] declarative user management
|
|
- [x] declarative password management
|
|
* Sieves
|
|
- [x] A simple standard script that moves spam
|
|
- [x] Allow user defined sieve scripts
|
|
|
|
### In the future
|
|
|
|
* User Aliases
|
|
- [ ] More complete alias support (Differentiate between forwarding addresses and sending aliases)
|
|
* DKIM Signing
|
|
- [ ] Allow a per domain selector
|
|
|
|
### Changelog
|
|
|
|
#### v1.0 -> v1.1
|
|
* Changed structure to Nix Modules
|
|
* Adds Sieve support
|
|
|
|
#### v1.1 -> v2.0
|
|
* rename domain to fqdn, seperate fqdn from domains
|
|
* multi domain support
|
|
|
|
### Quick Start
|
|
|
|
```nix
|
|
{ config, pkgs, ... }:
|
|
{
|
|
imports = [
|
|
(builtins.fetchTarball "https://github.com/r-raymond/nixos-mailserver/archive/v2.0.2.tar.gz")
|
|
];
|
|
|
|
mailserver = {
|
|
enable = true;
|
|
fqdn = "mail.example.com";
|
|
domains = [ "example.com" "example2.com" ];
|
|
loginAccounts = {
|
|
"user1@example.com" = {
|
|
hashedPassword = "$6$/z4n8AQl6K$kiOkBTWlZfBd7PvF5GsJ8PmPgdZsFGN1jPGZufxxr60PoR0oUsrvzm2oQiflyz5ir9fFJ.d/zKm/NgLXNUsNX/";
|
|
|
|
aliases = [
|
|
"info@example.com"
|
|
"postmaster@example.com"
|
|
"postmaster@example2.com"
|
|
];
|
|
};
|
|
};
|
|
};
|
|
}
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
For a complete list of options, see `default.nix`.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
## How to Set Up a 10/10 Mail Server Guide
|
|
Mail servers can be a tricky thing to set up. This guide is supposed to run you
|
|
through the most important steps to achieve a 10/10 score on `mail-tester.com`.
|
|
|
|
What you need:
|
|
|
|
* A server with a public IP (referred to as `server-IP`)
|
|
* A Fully Qualified Domain Name (`FQDN`) where your server is reachable,
|
|
so that other servers can find yours. Common FQDN include `mx.example.com`
|
|
(where `example.com` is a domain you own) or `mail.example.com`. The domain
|
|
is referred to as `server-domain` (`example.com` in the above example) and
|
|
the `FQDN` is referred to by `server-FQDN` (`mx.example.com` above).
|
|
* A list of domains you want to your email server to serve. (Note that this
|
|
does not have to include `server-domain`, but may of course). These will be
|
|
referred to as `domains`. As an example, `domains = [ example1.com,
|
|
example2.com ]`.
|
|
|
|
### A) Setup server
|
|
|
|
The following describes a server setup that is fairly complete. Even though
|
|
there are more possible options (see `default.nix`), these should be the most
|
|
common ones.
|
|
|
|
```nix
|
|
{ config, pkgs, ... }:
|
|
{
|
|
imports = [
|
|
(builtins.fetchTarball "https://github.com/r-raymond/nixos-mailserver/archive/v2.0.3.tar.gz")
|
|
];
|
|
|
|
mailserver = {
|
|
enable = true;
|
|
fqdn = <server-FQDN>;
|
|
domains = [ <domains> ];
|
|
|
|
# A list of all login accounts. To create the password hashes, use
|
|
# mkpasswd -m sha-512 "super secret password"
|
|
loginAccounts = {
|
|
"user1@example.com" = {
|
|
hashedPassword = "$6$/z4n8AQl6K$kiOkBTWlZfBd7PvF5GsJ8PmPgdZsFGN1jPGZufxxr60PoR0oUsrvzm2oQiflyz5ir9fFJ.d/zKm/NgLXNUsNX/";
|
|
|
|
aliases = [
|
|
"postmaster@example.com"
|
|
"postmaster@example2.com"
|
|
];
|
|
|
|
# Make this user the catchAll address for domains example.com and
|
|
# example2.com
|
|
catchAll = [
|
|
"example.com"
|
|
"example2.com"
|
|
];
|
|
};
|
|
|
|
"user2@example.com" = { ... };
|
|
};
|
|
|
|
# Extra virtual aliases. These are email addresses that are forwarded to
|
|
# loginAccounts addresses.
|
|
extraVirtualAliases = {
|
|
# address = forward address;
|
|
"abuse@example.com" = "user1@example.com";
|
|
};
|
|
|
|
# Use Let's Encrypt certificates. Note that this needs to set up a stripped
|
|
# down nginx and opens port 80.
|
|
certificateScheme = 3;
|
|
|
|
# Enable IMAP and POP3
|
|
enableImap = true;
|
|
enablePop3 = true;
|
|
enableImapSsl = true;
|
|
enablePop3Ssl = true;
|
|
|
|
# whether to scan inbound emails for viruses (note that this requires at least
|
|
# 1 Gb RAM for the server. Without virus scanning 256 MB RAM should be plenty)
|
|
virusScanning = false;
|
|
};
|
|
}
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
After a `nixos-rebuild switch --upgrade` your server should be good to go. If
|
|
you want to use `nixops` to deploy the server, look in the subfolder `nixops`
|
|
for some inspiration.
|
|
|
|
|
|
### B) Setup everything else
|
|
|
|
#### Step 1: Set DNS entry for server
|
|
|
|
Add a DNS record to the domain `server-domain` with the following entries
|
|
|
|
| Name (Subdomain) | TTL | Type | Priority | Value |
|
|
| ---------------- | ----- | ---- | -------- | ----------------- |
|
|
| `server-FQDN` | 10800 | A | | `server-IP` |
|
|
|
|
This resolved DNS equries for `server-FQDN` to `server-IP`. You can test if your
|
|
setting is correct by
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
ping <server-FQDN>
|
|
64 bytes from <server-FQDN> (<server-IP>): icmp_seq=1 ttl=46 time=21.3 ms
|
|
...
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
Note that it can take a while until a DNS entry is propagated.
|
|
|
|
#### Step 2: Set rDNS (reverse DNS) entry for server
|
|
Wherever you have rented your server, you should be able to set reverse DNS
|
|
entries for the IP's you own. Add an entry resolving `server-IP` to
|
|
`server-FQDN`
|
|
|
|
You can test if your setting is correct by
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
host <server-IP>
|
|
<server-IP>.in-addr.arpa domain name pointer <server-FQDN>.
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
Note that it can take a while until a DNS entry is propagated.
|
|
|
|
#### Step 3: Set `MX` Records
|
|
|
|
For every `domain` in `domains` do:
|
|
* Add a `MX` record to the domain `domain`
|
|
|
|
| Name (Subdomain) | TTL | Type | Priority | Value |
|
|
| ---------------- | ----- | ---- | -------- | ----------------- |
|
|
| `domain` | | MX | 10 | `server-FQDN` |
|
|
|
|
You can test this via
|
|
```
|
|
dig -t MX <domain>
|
|
|
|
...
|
|
;; ANSWER SECTION:
|
|
<domain> 10800 IN MX 10 <server-FQDN>
|
|
...
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
Note that it can take a while until a DNS entry is propagated.
|
|
|
|
#### Step 4: Set `SPF` Records
|
|
|
|
For every `domain` in `domains` do:
|
|
* Add a `SPF` record to the domain `domain`
|
|
|
|
| Name (Subdomain) | TTL | Type | Priority | Value |
|
|
| ---------------- | ----- | ---- | -------- | ----------------- |
|
|
| `domain` | 10800 | TXT | | `v=spf1 ip4:<server-IP> -all` |
|
|
|
|
You can check this with `dig -t TXT <domain>` similar to the last section.
|
|
|
|
Note that it can take a while until a DNS entry is propagated. If you want to
|
|
use multiple servers for your email handling, don't forget to add all server
|
|
IP's to this list.
|
|
|
|
#### Step 5: Set `DKIM` signature
|
|
|
|
In this section we assume that your `dkimSelector` is set to `mail`. If you have a different selector, replace
|
|
all `mail`'s below accordingly.
|
|
|
|
For every `domain` in `domains` do:
|
|
* Go to your server and navigate to the dkim key directory (by default
|
|
`/var/dkim`). There you will find a public key for any domain in the
|
|
`domain.txt` file. It will look like
|
|
```
|
|
mail._domainkey IN TXT "v=DKIM1; r=postmaster; g=*; k=rsa; p=<really-long-key>" ; ----- DKIM mail for domain.tld
|
|
```
|
|
* Add a `DKIM` record to the domain `domain`
|
|
|
|
| Name (Subdomain) | TTL | Type | Priority | Value |
|
|
| ---------------- | ----- | ---- | -------- | ----------------- |
|
|
| mail._domainkey.`domain` | 10800 | TXT | | `v=DKIM1; p=<really-long-key>` |
|
|
|
|
|
|
You can check this with `dig -t TXT mail._domainkey.<domain>` similar to the last section.
|
|
|
|
Note that it can take a while until a DNS entry is propagated.
|
|
|
|
|
|
### C) Test your Setup
|
|
|
|
Write an email to your aunt (who has been waiting for your reply far too long),
|
|
and sign up for some of the finest newsletters the Internet has. Maybe you want
|
|
to sign up for the [SNM Announcement List](https://www.freelists.org/list/snm)?
|
|
|
|
Besides that, you can send an email to [mail-tester.com](https://www.mail-tester.com/) and see how you score,
|
|
and let [mxtoolbox.com](http://mxtoolbox.com/) take a look at your setup, but if you followed
|
|
the steps closely then everything should be awesome!
|
|
|
|
|
|
## How to Backup
|
|
|
|
This is really easy. First off you should have a backup of your
|
|
`configuration.nix` file where you have the server config (but that is already
|
|
in a git repository right?)
|
|
|
|
Next you need to backup `/var/vmail` or whatever you have specified for the
|
|
option `mailDirectory`. This is where all the mails reside. Good options are a
|
|
cron job with `rsync` or `scp`. But really anything works, as it is simply a
|
|
folder with plenty of files in it. If your backup solution does not preserve the
|
|
owner of the files don't forget to `chown` them to `virtualMail:virtualMail` if you copy
|
|
them back (or whatever you specified as `vmailUserName`, and `vmailGoupName`).
|
|
|
|
Finally you can (optionally) make a backup of `/var/dkim` (or whatever you
|
|
specified as `dkimKeyDirectory`). If you should lose those don't worry, new ones
|
|
will be created on the fly. But you will need to repeat step `B)5` and correct
|
|
all the `dkim` keys.
|
|
|
|
## How to Test for Development
|
|
|
|
You can test the setup via `nixops`. After installation, do
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
nixops create nixops/single-server.nix nixops/vbox.nix -d mail
|
|
nixops deploy -d mail
|
|
nixops info -d mail
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
You can then test the server via e.g. `telnet`. To log into it, use
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
nixops ssh -d mail mailserver
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
To test imap manually use
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
openssl s_client -host mail.example.com -port 143 -starttls imap
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
## A Complete Mail Server Without Moving Parts
|
|
|
|
### Used Technologies
|
|
* Nixos
|
|
* Nixpkgs
|
|
* Dovecot
|
|
* Postfix
|
|
* Rmilter
|
|
* Rspamd
|
|
* Clamav
|
|
* Opendkim
|
|
* Pam
|
|
|
|
### Features
|
|
* unlimited domain
|
|
* unlimited mail accounts
|
|
* unlimited aliases for every mail account
|
|
* spam and virus checking
|
|
* dkim signing of outgoing emails
|
|
* imap (optionally pop3)
|
|
* startTLS
|
|
|
|
### Nonfeatures
|
|
* moving parts
|
|
* SQL databases
|
|
* configurations that need to be made after `nixos-rebuild switch`
|
|
* complicated storage schemes
|
|
* webclients / http-servers
|
|
|
|
## Contributors
|
|
* Special thanks to @Infinisil for the module rewrite
|
|
* Special thanks to @jbboehr for multidomain implementation
|
|
* @danbst
|
|
* @phdoerfler
|
|
* @eqyiel
|
|
|
|
### Alternative Implementations
|
|
* [NixCloud Webservices](https://github.com/nixcloud/nixcloud-webservices)
|
|
|
|
### Credits
|
|
* send mail graphic by [tnp_dreamingmao](https://thenounproject.com/dreamingmao)
|
|
from [TheNounProject](https://thenounproject.com/) is licensed under
|
|
[CC BY 3.0](http://creativecommons.org/~/3.0/)
|
|
* Logo made with [Logomakr.com](https://logomakr.com)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
[logo]: logo/logo.png
|